胸腔内注射四环素液治疗食管癌术后乳糜胸(附2例报告)

乳糜胸是食管癌术后严重并发症之一,如处理不当,可危及生命。本组手术治疗食管癌473例(不包括贲门癌),发生乳糜胸2例(0.42％),均经胸腔引流加胸腔内注射四环素液而治愈,现报告如下。例1 女性,46岁,因食管中段癌进左胸手术弓上吻合。术后第2天拔除引流管,发现有少量淡黄色液体流出,引流管腔有纤维素条索堵塞。术后第3天,患者自觉心慌气急,两肺有哮鸣音,左肺呼吸音低,经吸氧和氨茶硷等治疗未见明显好转,当晚气急加重,并从原引流口自行溢出淡黄色液体约2,000ml,症状明显改善。术后第4天作X线胸透,左胸中等量积液,重新安置闭式引流管,引出淡黄色胸液约1,500ml,胸液乳糜试验阳性。口服美蓝无蓝色胸液,诊断乳糜胸。除积极补液,输血和纠正水电解质平衡外,分别于术后第7、9和11天,每天一次胸腔内注射0.5g四环素液,乳糜液逐日减少,术后第11天拔管。经X线检查,胸腔无积     

吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗非小细胞肺癌脑膜转移1例

我们应用吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂治疗1例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)伴脑膜转移患者,现报告如下:1病案摘要患者男,62岁,体重65kg,身高166cm。因咳嗽、胸痛5个月入院。患者2005年9月起无明显诱因出现刺激性干咳,伴有胸闷、胸痛,2006年3月行胸部X线检查,示右下肺阴影伴胸腔积液。胸部CT检查示右下肺块影2cm×1·5cm,右侧中等量胸腔积液,纵隔内淋巴结肿大,部分钙化。骨ECT检查示多发骨转移。2006年3月27日行右侧胸腔置管,引出胸液2400ml,3天后胸液引尽,拔管。胸水涂片找到腺癌细胞。诊断:右下肺腺癌T4N2M1Ⅳ期。入院后患者出现剧烈头痛,伴恶心呕吐…     

胸腔温热低渗液灌注化疗治疗肺癌胸腔积液

目的:探讨胸腔温热低渗液灌注化疗对肺癌胸腔积液的治疗效果.方法:对132例肺癌胸水病人,采用中心静脉导管引流装置尽量引流干净胸腔积液,取43℃～44℃1000ml～1500ml蒸馏水胸腔内灌注,保留60～90分钟后引流出,再经引流装置注入化疗药物(顺铂或阿霉素),保留24小时,第8天重复1次.结果:显效74例,有效21例,无效37例,有效率71.97%.结论:胸腔温热低渗液灌注化疗对肺癌性胸水是一种较好的治疗方法.     

胸腔积液引流后并发症相关因素分析

1999年 1月— 2 0 0 2年 6月我们对我院收治的各种良、恶性胸腔积液 3 14例中 86例大量胸腔积液者予以细管胸腔引流 ,现对引流后并发症发生的相关因素进行分析。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　 86例中男性 54例 ,女性 3 2例 ,年龄 3 5岁～ 82岁 ,平均年龄67.4岁 ,胸腔积液均经 X线、B超及螺旋 CT证实 ,并定义 :在后前位胸片上 ,胸腔积液遮盖整个膈面以上为中量积液 ,液面内上缘超过肺门角水平为大量积液 [1]。病种及胸腔积液分布情况见表1。表 1　 86例病种及胸腔积液分布情况例病种 n 并发症肺水肿液气胸无积液部位双侧单侧积液程度大量中…     

颈部、胸内混合瘘并存胸胃局灶坏死1例

患者男,58岁.进行性吞咽困难2个月,诊断为胸上段食管癌入院.于1997年6月19日经右胸行食管胃颈部吻合术,术后4天颈部切口红肿、渗出伴皮下气肿,诊断为吻合口瘘,颈部切口敞开换药,患者仍持续高热,胸部X线检查示右侧胸腔积液,胸腔穿刺抽出暗红色液体500ml.第6天进食后出现进行性加重的胸闷、呼吸困难,右肺呼吸音减低,X线复查示右侧液气胸,口服泛影葡胺证实为颈部、胸内混合瘘.颈部置负压引流管,胸管引流出酸臭味咖啡色液体,予禁食,行胃肠减压,抗炎补液,输血和空肠造瘘营养支持.连续16天胸管引流量(每日400～600ml)无减少趋势,颈部逐渐无引流物,胃管内注入美蓝溶液100ml,即刻由胸管引出,考虑为胸胃坏死穿孔.遂行剖胸探查:见胃前壁近大弯     

中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流腔内注药治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

恶性胸腔积液是多种恶性肿瘤的常见并发症。2000年1月至2005年12月我院对58例恶性胸腔积液患者予以中心静脉导管胸腔穿刺引流胸水并胸腔内注药治疗,收到了较好的疗效,现报告如下。一、资料与方法1.病例选择:收集2000年1月至2005年12月期间在我院治疗的恶性肿瘤伴胸腔积液患者114例,所有患者均经病理组织学或细胞学证实为恶性肿瘤,并经X线片和B超证实伴有中至大量胸腔积液。将病例分为引流腔内注药组(引流组)和抽液腔内注药组(抽液组)。引流腔内注药组58例,男38例,女20例;年龄18～72岁,中位年龄53岁;肺癌35例,乳腺癌17例,淋巴瘤4例,白血病2…     

细管胸腔闭式引流治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床应用

自2004年1月至2005年12月我科采用美国美代公司生产的一次性胸腹腔引流导管行胸腔闭式引流治疗恶性胸腔积液36例,取得了较好的效果,现报告如下。一、资料与方法1.病例选择:36例恶性胸腔积液患者均为初次胸水治疗者,男25例,女11例。年龄23~69岁,平均48岁。均有明确的原发病,胸部X线片和B超显示中到大量胸腔积液。其中非小细胞肺癌19例,乳腺癌6例,食管癌9例,恶性间皮瘤1例,滑膜肉瘤1例。治疗前均经细胞学确诊为恶性胸腔积液。全组患者Karnofsky评分≥60分,预计生存>3个月,治疗前肝肾功能、血常规、血凝常规、心电图均正常。2.材料:美国美代…     

食管癌术后并发乳糜胸6例放射治疗体会

目的:总结6例患者食管癌根治术后并发乳糜胸的放射治疗体会。方法:6例患者均经X线片、CT、实验室检查确诊为乳糜胸。均经保守治疗7-10天,疗效不佳,行大纵隔野适形放疗,每次2Gy,每日1次,每周5次。同时记录每天胸腔引流液量,直至治愈。结果:6例乳糜胸患者均治愈,放疗总剂量为DT 32-40Gy。结论:食管癌术后并发乳糜胸患者,如不愿或不宜手术,经保守治疗效果不佳者,可试行三维适形放射治疗。     

胸腔温热低渗液灌注化疗治疗肺癌胸腔积液

目的：探讨胸腔温热低渗液灌注化疗对肺癌胸腔积液的治疗效果。方法：对132例肺癌胸水病人，采用中心静脉导管引流装置尽量引流干净胸腔积液，取43℃—44℃ 1000ml-1500ml蒸馏水胸腔内灌注，保留60—90分钟后引流出，再经引流装置注入化疗药物（顺铂或阿霉素），保留24小时，第8天重复1次。结果：显效74例，有效21例，无效37例，有效率71．97％。结论：胸腔温热低渗液灌注化疗对肺癌性胸水是一种较好的治疗方法。     

肺透明细胞癌2例报告

例1,男,57岁,因咳嗽、胸痛2月入院。胸部X线片见左肺上叶肿物,痰细胞学检查找到鳞癌细胞。行左上肺叶切除术,术中见肿物位于左肺上叶,约8×8×7cm大小,已侵及脏层脑膜,纵隔中见多枚3×2×1cm大小淋巴结,术后病理报告为左肺透明细胞癌,淋巴结阳性。术后给予胸部放疗及VP16＋PDD方案化疗1疗程。肺切除术后12月复诊时发现肿物复发,伴有胸腔积液,3月后死亡。例2,女,44岁,因咳嗽、痰中带血1月入院。胸部X线片示左下肺结核球可能,给予抗房治疗1月无效,痰细胞学检查未见恶性细胞,做胸腔CT考虑左下肺癌,行左下肺叶切除术。术…     

食管癌贲门癌术后胸腔积液的防治

目的:探讨食管癌贲门癌术后胸腔积液的防治.方法与结果:从1989年1月1日～1996年12月31日,作者手术治疗食管癌贲门癌1951例,术后发生胸腔积液16例,发生率为0.82%.均经胸腔穿刺及闭式引流术治愈.结论:为预防食管癌贲门癌术后胸腔积液的发生:术中应细致操作,妥善处理食管床及淋巴结清扫创面,减少术后渗液;术中对侧纵隔胸膜破裂的病人,术末清除对侧胸腔积气积液,防止术后健侧胸腔积液;在食管重建术中,应用纵隔胃;保证通畅的胸腔闭式引流,促进肺的复张,并掌握好拔管的时机.     

Ultrasound-guided small-bore Elecath tube insertion for the rapid sclerotherapy of malignant pleural effusion

BACKGROUND: Traditional pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion is performed by large-bore chest tube insertion with the instillation of sclerosing agents after the compressed lung re-expansion and pleural fluid drainage of 100-150 ml/day. This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of rapid sclerotherapy for malignant pleural effusions by insertion of a small-bore Elecath tube (12-French) under ultrasound guidance and intrapleural injection of bleomycin 60 IU. METHODS: Twenty-six patients, with 28 cytopathologically proven malignant pleural effusions (two patients had bilateral pleural effusions) and receiving the insertion of the Elecath tube for drainage, were included in our series. This rapid and short-term sclerosing method was performed and completed by intrapleural injection of bleomycin when the pleural effusion had been clearly drained by the small-bore Elecath tube and the compressed lung had fully re-expanded on follow-up chest radiographs. RESULTS: Twenty patients with 22 pleural effusions underwent the intrapleural injection of bleomycin, with the results of pleurodesis being complete response 41% (9/22), partial response 36% (8/22) and failure 23% (5/22). Interestingly, among the 17 successful procedures of pleurodesis (complete response and partial response), 71% (12) procedures could be completed within 2 days (seven within one day and five within 2 days). The remaining unsuccessful procedures carried out on six patients without the injection of bleomycin were due to a non-re-expanded lung (n = 3) and inadequate drainage (n = 3); of these, four patients also received the large-bore chest tube insertion after the removal of the Elecath tube, but the compressed lung still could not re-expand. The complications of the bleomycin injection were fever [77% (17/22)], vomiting [14% (3/22)] and hiccup [5% (1/22)]. CONCLUSION: The method of rapid sclerotherapy for malignant pleural effusions by small-bore Elecath tube is promising, with a success rate achieving 77%, usually within 2 days.      

胸腔内注入顺铂联合爱迪注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效比较

目的探讨胸腔内注入顺铂(DDP)联合爱迪注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法病理确诊的恶性胸腔积液62例,经胸腔插管引流术或胸腔穿刺术排尽胸液后,按随机化原则分为两组。治疗组(32例)在胸腔内注入DDP50mg/m2,1天后再注入爱迪注射液50mL;对照组(30例)在胸腔内注入DDP50mg/m2。1周后重复,连续3次,观察疗效、生活质量、生存期及毒副反应。结果治疗组总有效率81%,较对照组53%有显著差异(P<0.05),Karnofsky评分治疗组较对照组有显著提高(P<0.05),生存期差异有显著性(P<0.05),治疗组胸痛较对照组明显。结论胸腔内注入顺铂(DDP)联合爱迪注射液是治疗恶性胸腔积液的一种有效且毒副反应少的方法。     

Two patients of recurrent breast cancer with carcinomatous pleurisy well controlled pleural effusion

We report two patients of recurrent breast cancer with carcinomatous pleurisy well controlled pleural effusion. One patient is a 49-year-old woman. She underwent radical mastectomy for right breast cancer in September 1993. She suffered from multiple liver metastases in June 2000, so CEF therapy contained hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and extended right lobectomy of the liver were performed in December 2001. Right pleural effusion was detected in December 2003, then, pleurodesis was carried out with OK-432 after thoracic drainage. After pleurodesis, a weekly paclitaxel therapy was started and she was taking the regimen continuously. Another patient is a 55-year-old woman. She underwent radical mastectomy for left breast cancer in September 1999. Local recurrent lesions on the left chest and left pleural effusion were found in May 2003. After thoracic drainage, infectious pleurisy was complicated, so the drainage tube was removed after the therapy for preventing infection. After pleurodesis, CE therapy followed by peroral chemo-endocrine therapy was performed. Both of the two patients are receiving outpatient treatment without recurrent pleural effusion as of July 2005.     

胸腔镜下胸膜腔闭锁术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床评价

为了评价胸腔镜下胸膜腔闭锁术治疗恶性胸腔积液的优势及效果,对48例恶性胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜下胸膜腔闭锁术,所有患者均在全身麻醉双腔气管插管胸腔镜（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS）下进行,术中吸净胸腔积液,分离纤维粘连,5例行部分胸膜剥脱,同时行多处胸膜活检。然后用连接多侧孔尿管的喷球,将5～10g无菌医用滑石粉均匀喷洒到脏、壁层胸膜表面,达到胸膜腔闭锁,术中放置带多侧孔的引流管,术后引流3～6d。48例患者无围手术期死亡。术后2例（4.17%）发生持续漏气,均经持续负压吸引后治愈。随访47例患者（97.92%）,随访时间为3个月。胸膜腔闭锁成功46例（95.83%）;2例失败,其中1例再次行该手术成功。初步研究结果提示,VATS下喷洒滑石粉用于胸膜腔闭锁,安全、可靠,可有效治疗恶性胸腔积液。     

Vincristine (Vinca-alkaloid) as a sclerosing agent for malignant pleural effusions

Vincristine, extracted from Vinca rosea Linn., is an effective antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drug used in oncology practice. This drug has never been used as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion for reasons unknown. A study was conducted to examine the use of Vinca-Alkaloid as a sclerosing agent (pleurodesis) for the palliative treatment of malignant pleural effusions. The study included 15 patients, all diagnosed to have cytology-proven malignant pleural effusions. Intercostal tube drainage followed by chemical sclerotherapy with 2 mg vincristine was performed on all patients and a high success rate was noted. Twelve procedures out of 15 (12/15) achieved complete resolution of pleural fluid with a success rate of 80%. In two procedures the pleural effusion was reduced and then recurred but did not require re-aspiration. One procedure failed and repeated pleural aspiration was required. In this study, with adequate pleural drainage and the proper technique, vincristine was found to be an effective sclerosing agent for malignant pleural effusion. Further randomized trials are necessary in order to establish the role of this drug.     

Intrathoracic infusion with a combination of low-dose minocycline, OK-432 and cisplatin for malignant pleural effusion

We investigated the effectiveness and complications of intrathoracic infusion with a combination of cisplatin, OK-432, and minocycline for malignant pleural effusion. All patients were hospitalized with chest tube drainage of pleural effusion until the daily drainage volume was less than 100 ml. Twenty-five mg of minocycline, 1 to 3 KE of OK-432, and 5 to 10 mg of cisplatin were instilled into the pleural space. The administration was repeated until drainage effusion disappeared. Therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the following criteria: (1) excellent, no fluid reaccumulation for at least 4 weeks as determined by chest radiogram and clinical evaluation; (2) effective, fluid reaccumulation less than 50% of original effusion with no need of thoracentesis for symptomatic relief within 4 weeks after treatment; and (3) failure, reaccumulation of more than 50% of the original effusion requiring thoracentesis to relieve symptoms within 4 weeks of treatment. Twelve patients with malignant effusion received the combination treatment; 11 patients had primary lung cancer and one had metastatic lung tumor from cancer of the rectum. In all cases, the histology or cytology revealed adenocarcinoma. Eleven of the 12 patients had an excellent response with relief of clinical symptoms. The remaining case failed to show any improvement. Complications such as local pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting were mild and transient. We conclude that combination administration of low-dose minocycline, OK-432, and cisplatin into the thoracic cavity for malignant effusion is an effective alternative treatment with the potential for improvement of the general condition and reduced morbidity.     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液和心包积液的临床分析

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液和心包积液的疗效。方法共治疗恶性胸腔积液、心包积液26例。所有患者先行中心静脉导管置管进行积液引流,引流后注入铜绿假单胞菌注射液2～5ml和地塞米松5mg,2%利多卡因10ml,夹闭引流管48h,再开放引流管,根据引流情况连续注药2～3次。结果治疗恶性胸腔积液20例,有效18例（90.0%）;恶性心包积液10例均有效,不良反应为胸痛、气短、发热。结论铜绿假单胞菌注射液应用于恶性胸腔积液、心包积液的治疗,疗效较满意。     

Local application of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of malignant pleural and pericardial effusion

Pleural effusion is a common complication in patients with malignant neoplasm. A randomized controlled study of intrapleural instillation of Adriamycin (control group, 30 patients) and Adriamycin Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS group, 26 patients) with tube thoracostomy was performed in 55 patients with malignant pleural effusion due to primary lung cancer. The response rates for control of pleural effusion were 73.4% in the N-CWS group and 46.1% in the N-CWS group. These results suggest that intrapleural instillation using a combination of anti-cancer agent and immunopotentiator is an effective treatment for malignant pleurisy. Cardiac tamponade secondary to cancer is a life-threatening complication requiring immediate treatment. Twenty-four patients with malignant pericardial effusion were treated by intrapericardial instillation of anti-cancer drugs, such as Carbazilquinone, Mitomycin-C or ACNU, with pericardial drainage. The range of survival time from the instillation of anti-cancer drug was 3-365 days (average days). In only 4 patients, reaccumulation of pericardial effusion was recognized. There were no serious complications with this procedure. It was considered that local instillation of anti-cancer agents with pericardial drainage was a useful therapeutic modality for malignant pericarditis.     

Malignant pleural effusions.

Recurrent malignant pleural effusion is a relatively common problem that often occurs many months before the terminal stages of a patient's malignant disease. Despite careful evaluation, it is often impossible to identify the exact physiologic cause of an effusion and difficult to identify a pragmatic course of therapy. Aggressive management including chest tube drainage, with or without instillation of inflammation-inducing drugs, and radiotherapy or surgery in selected cases is indicated for palliative treatment and probably for increased survival. In formulating a treatment plan, attention should be given to a variety of factors including pathogenic forces in the formation of malignant pleural effusion, tissue type of the metastatic malignancy, general clinical status of the patient, the presence of pleural loculations and adhesions, and the exclusion of other non-malignant causes of pleural effusion.