视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离的超声鉴别诊断

目的探讨视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离的超声鉴别诊断。方法对77例视网膜脱离和38例脉络膜脱离的B型超声图像进行比较分析。结果两者在光带起止部位、形态、后运动、回声强度等方面各有其特征性。结论根据B型超声声像图的各种特征,能鉴别视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离两种疾病。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床特点。方法连续选择具有典型临床症状的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者61例61眼，与同期行玻璃体切割手术的非脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离患者52例53眼进行对比研究，观察二者眼部体征及手术复位率等情况，并分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的好发因素。结果脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者的眼前节反应重，眼压低（平均4mmHg），与一般孔源性视网膜脱离患者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；采用玻璃体切割手术，前者的一次性手术复位率为65．51％，后者为88．68％，二者差异有统计学意义；脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离组中年龄50岁以上及屈光度-6D以上的患者占总例数的50％以上，27．87％的患者合并有黄斑裂孔。结论脉络膜脱离伴视网膜脱离具有严重的葡萄膜炎和低眼压症状，老年人和高度近视者好发，多合并有黄斑裂孔，其手术复位率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离者。     

合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离临床特点及手术疗效分析

目的:分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床特点及手术治疗效果。方法:合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离患者64例64眼,26例行巩膜扣带术,38例行玻璃体视网膜手术,术中均不行巩膜外冷凝,观察眼部表现及手术复位率等情况,分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离临床特点。结果:本组病例>-6.00D高度近视占总病例数的41%。64例合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离均有葡萄膜炎反应,眼压2.00～8.00mmHg;26例行巩膜扣带术,19例视网膜复位,复位率73%,行玻璃体视网膜手术38例,32例视网膜复位,一次手术复位率84%。结论:合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离高度近视眼、人工晶状体眼及无晶状体眼多发,视网膜光凝替代术中巩膜外冷凝可能提高视网膜复位率及减少术后复发率。     

裂孔性视网膜脱离伴发脉络膜脱离病例分析

脉络膜脱离的原因众多,Haw Kins报道裂孔性视网膜脱离术后有23%发生脉络膜脱离,而2～4.5%的裂孔性视网膜脱离于术前即合并脉络膜脱离,致使视网膜脱离手术的成功率下降。因此对视网膜脱离患者必须警惕可能合并的脉络膜脱离。现将我院对此类脉络膜脱离的治疗报道如下。临床资料裂孔性视网膜脱离伴脉络膜脱离8例中     

合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的:探讨合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离手术治疗方法和手术时机的选择并观察疗效。方法:总结、分析2010-01/2012-01因视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离在我院住院的患者45例45眼,其中原发性裂孔源性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离38例,复发性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离7例。手术方法包括巩膜环扎、经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔引流、玻璃体视网膜手术、眼内光凝、C3F8填充术或硅油填充术。结果:患眼45眼均行巩膜环扎术,均于手术中成功引流脉络膜上腔液体,6眼行C3F8填充,39眼行硅油填充术,45眼视网膜脉络膜全部复位,视网膜裂孔封闭。其中23眼术后视力≥0.1。结论:合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离,采用巩膜环扎和玻璃体视网膜手术联合经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔积液引流的联合手术方式有效。     

玻璃体视网膜手术联合脉络膜上腔引流术治疗视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离

目的:探讨视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的手术治疗方法、手术时机并观察疗效。方法:总结、分析2000-02/2005-02间因视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离在我院接受手术治疗的连续患者共36例36眼,其中原发性孔源性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离30例,复发性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离6例。手术方法包括巩膜外环扎、经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔引流、玻璃体视网膜手术、眼内光凝、硅油或C3F8填充术等。结果:36只患眼于术中成功引流脉络膜上腔液体。硅油填充30眼、C3F8填充6眼,视网膜脉络膜全部复位、视网膜裂孔封闭。36眼术后视力为手动至0.3,其中26例术后视力≥0.1。结论:玻璃体视网膜显微手术联合经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔积液引流术是处理脉络膜脱离合并视网膜脱离的有效手术方法。     

玻璃体切除治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离

目的研究玻璃体切除对合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的治疗作用。方法对连续治疗的12例合并有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患眼,进行玻璃体切除联合长效气体或硅油填充治疗,所有病人术前术后均用激素治疗,对视网膜的复位率进行评价。结果平均随访10.42个月,单次手术视网膜解剖复位率为91.67%（11/12）。再次手术后视网膜解剖复位率为100%。结论玻璃体切除术是治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

视网膜脱离伴脉络膜脱离的临床分析

伴脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离发病占同期视网膜脱离的４．１５％。分析住院手术１３５眼，总痊愈率为６５．９３％与同期不含脉络脱离的视网膜脱离成功率相比，复位率低且明显差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），将１３５例脉络膜脱离分为花边，半月，球形三型，花边型组手术成功率较高，放视网膜下液有很高的意外率，封闭了裂孔，可以完成环扎术，不放水更有利。对注气要慎重，术前术后要早用、用足激素，同足激素，同时尽早手术以提高成功率。     

孤立性脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜脱离的治疗

目的：探讨孤立性脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜脱离的治疗方法。方法：７例脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜脱离者,采用单纯氩激光治疗。９例脉络膜膜务管瘤合并视网膜明显脱离,视网膜下积液较多者,采用巩膜冷凝,排出视网膜下液联合氩激光治疗。结果：治疗后１３例的瘤体萎缩或缩小,渗出性视网膜脱离减少,视力幸或保持不变,单纯激光治疗组,有效率为７１．４３％。联合治疗组有效率为８８．８９％。结论：脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜浅脱离者,     

合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的临床疗效分析

目的探讨合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术治疗方法。方法收集2002年1月至2004年6月治疗的125例(125眼)合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,随访6至35个月,平均(23.4±10.2)月,分析手术方法与疗效的关系。结果本组患者巩膜扣带术的复位率为82.8%(24/29),再次手术率为27.6%(8/29);玻璃体切除术的复位率为94.8%(90/96),再次手术率38.5%(37/96)。125例最终视网膜解剖复位率为95.2%(119/125)。结论玻璃体切除术是治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。对脉络膜脱离程度较轻,PVRB、PVRC1级患者也可行巩膜扣带术。     

Choroidal detachment associated with malignant choroidal tumors

The association of choroidal detachment with malignant choroidal tumors is not well recognized. The authors' experience with six cases suggests that choroidal detachment may be associated with both metastatic tumors and choroidal melanoma. In two of these cases, the choroidal or retinal detachment was so massive that echography was necessary to detect the underlying tumor. Three patients presented with painful visual loss, and three patients presented with painless visual loss or a visual field defect. In one patient, the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the choroidal metastasis with external radiation relieved the patient's pain and improved visual acuity from 1/200 to 20/35. Metastatic and primary uveal malignant tumors should be added to the list of causes of choroidal detachment and can be excluded only after thorough clinical, and often echographic, examination.     

Krypton laser therapy. Use in secondary serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium and in multiple idiopathic serous detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium]

Two variants of serious detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are demonstrated with reports of typical cases: (1) secondary serous detachment of the RPE; (2) idiopathic serous detachment of the RPE (pigment epithelium detachment not associated with any other retinal or choroidal disease). Fluorescein angiographic criteria for differential diagnosis and the resulting different techniques of krypton laser coagulation are portrayed: (a) focal krypton laser coagulation of the total area of the pigment epithelium detachment; (b) circular, one-row laser coagulation at the detachment borders. The advantages of circular, one-row laser coagulation of idiopathic serous RPE detachment over coagulation of the total area of the RPE detachment are described: first, these are fewer scotomas following coagulation; second, fewer laser foci are required; and third, the risk of subretinal bleeding is lower. These findings emphasize the efficiency of circular, one-row laser coagulation at the detachment borders in the treatment of idiopathic serous RPE detachments.     

Primary vitrectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role and the results of primary vitrectomy in treating cases with coexisting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment. METHODS: Eleven consecutive eyes with coexisting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy less than grade C were included. Release of traction on the breaks was achieved by vitrectomy and augmented by episcleral buckle if needed. Perfluorocarbon liquids were used to drain the subretinal fluid through the vitrectomy sclerotomies. The breaks were treated by endolaser under perfluorocarbon liquids. Postoperative tamponade was done by C3F8 gas or silicone oil. Cases were followed up for at least 3 months. RESULTS: Retinal reattachment could be achieved and maintained in all cases by one or more surgeries. No recurrence of choroidal detachment has occurred. In each case, choroidal detachment was drained through the sclerotomies and retinal detachment was repaired. CONCLUSION: Primary vitrectomy represents an effective line in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with coexisting choroidal detachment in phakic or nonphakic eyes. Summary: Primary vitrectomy is recommended for the management of choroidal detachment associated with retinal detachment.     

Massive choroidal detachment masking overlying primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a case series

Choroidal detachment (CD) along with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) as a presenting finding is a well-recognised association. The pathogenesis appears to revolve around the hypotony induced by the primary RRD and an unstable choroidal vascular system. We present 3 patients with massive CD with minimal or no overlying RRD, initially misdiagnosed as a CD due to other causes. Since the correct diagnosis may be delayed, such cases form a real challenge in differential diagnosis and management. The underlying cycle where the retinal defect of a primary RRD is buckled by a CD, followed by the regression of the latter and the recurrence of the RRD is demonstrated.     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:探讨玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离及术后早期临床表现。方法:脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者17例17眼,应用糖皮质激素及玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗,分析手术前后临床表现及早期疗效。结果:患者17眼早期间接眼底镜及B超检查视网膜及脉络膜脱离达到解剖复位;术后眼压略高,之后趋于稳定;炎症反应较轻;视力均有不同程度提高。结论:脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离采用玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术能够获得良好的早期解剖复位。术前使用糖皮质激素有助于减轻炎症,为手术创造条件,提高手术成功率。术后早期眼压可控制在相对安全范围内。该类患者视力恢复普遍较差。     

曲安奈德玻璃体内注射联合23G微创玻璃体切割术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效分析

目的　探讨曲安奈德玻璃体内注射联合２３Ｇ微创玻璃体切割术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效。方法　２０１２年１月至２０１３年１月在我院就诊的２８例脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者,经过术前短期糖皮质激素治疗后,行２３Ｇ微创玻璃体切割术治疗,术中联合玻璃体内注射曲安奈德４ｍｇ,术后随访６～１２个月,观察术后视力恢复、视网膜复位和并发症发生情况。结果　一次手术视网膜解剖复位率为８９．３％,再次术后视网膜解剖复位率１００．０％。术前ＬｏｇＭＡＲ视力为１．９８±０．５０,术后ＬｏｇＭＡＲ视力为１．１７±０．４０,差异有统计学意义（ｔ＝８．３７１,Ｐ＜０. ０５）。末次随访眼压（１６．２±３．７）ｍｍＨｇ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）,与术前眼压（６．４±２．３）ｍｍＨｇ相比,差异有统计学意义（ｔ＝１７. ６１３,Ｐ＜０．０５）。术后有１５例出现一过性高眼压,３例白内障加重,１例发生后发性白内障,５例术后少量结膜下出血。结论　２３Ｇ微创玻璃体切割术联合术中曲安奈德玻璃体内注射治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是安全有效的。     

B超检查眼球穿孔伤患者球内各种强回声的分析及鉴别

目的：分析B超对眼球穿孔伤中出现的各种强回声信号的诊断价值。 方法：对临床确诊为眼球穿孔伤患者,进行B超检查,观察晶状体、玻璃体腔及球壁、球后的影像学表现。 结果：眼球穿孔伤经B超检查球内出现强回声的患者176例176眼中,玻璃体积血146例,晶状体脱位4例,球内异物（包含球壁异物）105例,玻璃体腔内气泡1例,视网膜脱离34例,脉络膜脱离23例,后巩膜破裂9例。每例患者都同时合并以上两种或两种以上体征,每例患者的 B超均表现有强回声信号。对以上病例出现的各种强回声信号总结如下：（1）浓稠的玻璃体积血;（2）球内异物;（3）脱位的晶状体;（4）玻璃体腔内气泡。 结论：眼球穿孔伤由于前房出血,白内障、玻璃体积血或因眼睑肿胀,患者不合作,使眼后段检查很难进行,B超给眼科医生提供了极大的帮助。 B 超对视网膜脱离、球内异物、后巩膜裂伤、出血性脉络膜脱离等都十分敏感,并有特异性的影像。复杂的眼球穿孔伤球内常会出现一些易混淆的强回声信号,B超检查可以对这些声像进行鉴别,这是其他检查方法难以替代的。