慢性胰腺炎致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗方式与合理性分析

目的探讨慢性胰腺炎所致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗及其合理性.方法回顾性研究我院1985年1月至2004年12月20例慢性胰腺炎伴非结石性梗阻性黄疸的临床特点及诊治措施.结果（1）本组病例主诉黄疸,90.0%无典型慢性胰腺炎临床表现及影像特征,胰内段胆总管狭窄是特征性影像表现;（2）本组病理诊断为弥漫性胰腺慢性炎症,并造成胰内段胆总管狭窄;（3）本组选择Oddi括约肌成形术（2例）或胆肠吻合术（18例）,胆道引流效果稳定;（4）单纯T管引流者无法撤除引流管.结论本研究关注慢性胰腺炎病例中伴胆道梗阻,但缺乏典型临床及影像表现者,占同期住院慢性胰腺炎的15.0%;其伴发梗阻性黄疸与胰腺炎症直接相关;胆道引流术可缓解梗阻,胆囊或胆总管空肠吻合是安全、经济的治疗措施;单纯T管引流不是理想的选择;无胰管病变及慢性胰腺炎其他症状时无须针对胰腺进行手术操作.     

慢性胰腺炎所致梗阻性黄疸

本文报告慢性胰腺炎所致梗阻性黄疸３３例，术前误诊２０例，（术中仍误诊胰头癌８例，），１３例诊断为慢性胰腺炎。３３例均经手术治疗，术式的选择，胆总管十二指肠或胆总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｙ型吻合术（２１例），胆囊空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｙ型吻合术（２例），Ｏｄｄｉ氏括约肌切开成开成形术（２例），胰十二指肠切除术（８例），术手３０例痊愈，３例死亡。文中对慢性胰腺炎所臻梗阻性黄疸的发病机制，分类分型、诊断及治疗原则进行了     

假瘤样胰腺炎的诊断及处理：附8例报告

为探讨假瘤样胰腺炎的诊断和处理，对１９９０～１９９７年间手术治疗的８例假瘤样胰腺炎进行了回顾性分析。患者均表现为胰腺局部占位性病变，行剖腹探查术。２例胰头部肿块行胰十二指肠切除术（Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ手术），１例尾部肿块行胰尾加脾切除术，３例头体部肿块伴有胆总管扩张梗阻性黄疸者行胆总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术，２例胰头部肿块无黄疸者行胆总管切开、Ｔ管引流术，术后病理检查均为炎症性改变。随诊结果显示：患者黄疸消退、肿块缩小、临床症状好转。结果表明：慢性局灶性胰腺炎不能排除恶性病变者宜行肿块切除术。胰腺炎性肿块伴有胆总管扩张、梗阻性黄疸者可行内引流术，无黄疸者可行外引流术     

胰管结石37例诊断与治疗

目的 探讨胰管结石的诊断与治疗方法.方法 回顾性总结我院1977 年8 月至2010 年11 月收治的37 例患者,其中伴慢性胰腺炎30 例,伴胆囊炎、胆管结石5 例,胰头部囊肿4 例,胆总管囊肿2 例,胰腺癌5例,糖尿病8 例.其中手术治疗25 例,内镜下治疗7 例,自动出院5 例.结果 胰管结石的临床表现以上腹部疼痛、脂肪泻、糖尿病、梗阻性黄疽及腹部包块多见,有时甚至表现为上消化道出血.B 超、CT、MRCP、ERCP 等确诊率高,ERCP 可清晰显露胰管结石,对胰头部结石可行十二指肠乳头切开取石.本组行胰十二指肠切除术2例;胰管切开取石、胰管空肠吻合术19 例,加做胰腺囊肿切开内引流术3 例,胆总管囊肿切除2 例,胆囊切除、胆道探查5 例;内镜下十二指肠乳头切开(EST)取石7 例;4 例合并胰腺癌的患者分别行"胰体尾部联合脏器切除"(1 例)、"胰腺癌扩大根治术加自体小肠移植"(1 例)及"胰十二指肠切除术"(2 例).结论 应重视胰管结石的早期诊断及治疗,对于良性患者首选术式为胰管切开取石、胰管空肠吻合术.CT 对胰管结石合并胰腺癌有很好的定性定位价值,强调制定"个体化手术治疗方案"治疗胰管结石合并胰腺癌的患者.     

胰管结石慢性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨胰管结石慢性胰腺的诊断和外科治疗。方法收集我院2000年9月至2006年10月间经手术治疗的胰管结石慢性胰腺炎患者6例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组病例均经B超、CT和磁共振胆胰管成像MRCP检查确诊及手术治疗。手术方式采用胰管切开取石,胰管空肠Roux-Y吻合术,其中同时行胆胰Roux-Y吻合术2例,行胆囊切除术1例。治愈5例,缓解1例,无手术死亡。结论影像学检查是诊断本病的重要手段,准确率高。胰管空肠Roux-Y吻合术是治疗胰管结石慢性胰腺炎的有效方式,可取得良好的治疗效果。     

慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石外科治疗体会

目的 探讨慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择.方法 对1991年6月至2006年6月收治的17例慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石手术治疗的患者进行回顾性分析,总结不同类型的胰管结石的手术方式及结果.结果 本组17例中胰头部胰管结石13例,胰体尾部胰管结石4例,合并胆石症6例,其中6例行胰管切开取石胰管空肠吻合术(Partington法);4例行胰管胃吻合术(Warren法);3例行保留十二指肠胰头次全切除术(Beger法);3例行胰尾切除胰腺空肠吻合术(Duval法);1例行胰尾、脾切除胰腺空肠吻合术.17例临床治愈,其中上腹部顽固性疼痛完全缓解15例,血糖控制2例,胰漏2例,1例术后11个月死于胰腺癌.结论 针对慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石患者的不同状况采取的手术方式应高度个体化,有主胰管扩张者采取引流术,无胰管扩张及局部胰腺病变者采取胰腺部分切除联合内引流术,同时注意尽量保存胰腺组织功能,可明显改善患者生活质量.     

胰管结石诊治体会(附29例报告)

目的探讨胰管结石的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析29例胰管结石的临床资料。结果21例有慢性胰腺炎病史,其中12例有胆道结石,合并胰腺癌2例,B超诊断正确率89.7%(26/29),CT诊断正确率65.0%(13/20),内镜逆行性胆管胰管造影术及磁共振胰胆管成像诊断正确率均为100%(6/6及4/4)。行内镜下括约肌切开术取石6例,胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术16例,十二指肠乳头成形、胰石取出术3例,胰管切开取石、胰腺假性囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合2例,胰头十二指肠切除1例,剖腹探查术1例。结论慢性胰腺炎、胆石症是形成胰管结石的主要原因,影像学检查是术前诊断的主要方法,胰管切开取石、胰管空肠吻合是胰管结石主要手术方式。     

慢性胰腺炎78例诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨慢性胰腺炎的临床诊断,评价慢性胰腺炎的手术疗效。方法回顾性临床资料分析。结果慢性胰腺炎的临床诊断正确率78.2%(61/78),误诊17例,其中真性囊肿误诊为假性囊肿8例,胰腺壶腹部癌误诊为慢性胰腺炎6例。手术方法包括胰十二指肠切除术12例,胰体尾或囊肿切除术27例,胰腺囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术8例,胰管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术2例,胰腺囊肿外引流4例,胰床引流3例,胰腺活组织学检查22例。疗效:手术后腹痛缓解率65.6%(40/61),腹痛缓解明显42.6%(26/61),腹痛缓解不明显23.0%(14/61);腹痛不缓解率32.8%(20/61);手术死亡率1.64%(1/61)。结论病理组织学诊断是慢性胰腺炎诊断的金标准;慢性胰腺炎可发生局限性癌变;慢性胰腺炎临床表现复杂,外科治疗应采用个体化原则。     

复发性胆管结石诱导出现梗阻性黄疸的临床治疗

探讨复发性胆管结石诱导出现梗阻性黄疸及无梗阻性黄疸的临床手术治疗方法及其效果。回顾性分析2013年1月—2014年1月肝胆结石术后复发的患者104例,其中87例诱发梗阻性黄疸,17例无梗阻性黄疸。其中63例为肝内胆管结石,41例为胆总管结石。手术方式:胆总管切开取石+T型管引流术29例;胆总管切开取石+胆总管十二指肠吻合术10例;胆总管切开取石+胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术14例;胆总管切开取石+左外叶切除+T型管引流术32例;胆总管切开取石+左外叶切除+胆总管十二指肠吻合术8例;胆总管切开取石+左外叶切除+胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术11例。总有效率91.35%,复发率(无效及死亡)为8.65%。术后死亡3例。复发性胆管结石诱导的梗阻性黄疸症状均消退。复发性胆管结石病变复杂,应选择最适合的手术方式,严格遵循胆道手术的基本原则,以便彻底有效清除结石,祛除黄疸。     

胰腺结石(附9例报告)

本文报告9例胰腺结石,其中4例行胰管切开取石,胰管空肠Roux-Y吻合;1例行胰十二指肠切除术;1例癌变者因合并肝转移仅行剖腹探查及活检术;3例未手术。本组结果表明:胰腺结石的病因除与酗酒、慢性胰腺炎、营养不良和甲状旁腺机能亢进等有关外,胰管开口及总胆管下端狭窄导致胰液淤滞可能是原发性胰腺成石的重要因素之一。本文还就胰腺结石的诊断和治疗进行了讨论。     

A case of obstructive jaundice caused by incarceration of pancreatic stones in the ampulla of papilla Vater

A very rare case of obstructive jaundice caused by the incarceration of pancreatic stones in the ampulla of papilla Vater is reported. A forty-eight-year-old man, who had been taking alcohol daily for 10 years, was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent attacks of upper abdominal pain. Biochemical analysis demonstrated typical pattern of chronic pancreatitis. US, CT and ERCP showed a markedly dilated pancreatic duct and pancreatic calcifications. Cholecystolithiasis, or dilatation of the choledochus was not noted. Conservative treatment was performed under the diagnosis of chronic calcifying pancreatitis for one month. Then, obstructive jaundice, severe epigastralgia, and high fever occurred. Obstructive jaundice with sudden onset and existence of pancreatic stones suggested incarceration of pancreatic stones in the bile duct, and cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The largest pancreatic stone was incarcerated into the ampulla of papilla Vater. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas showed severe chronic pancreatitis. No report of the similar case can be found in the literature. Incarceration of pancreatic stones into biliary system might be very rare, however, should not be forgotten in differential diagnoses of obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis patients.     

Obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis

Significant obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis is generally considered to be rare. Eleven of 57 consecutive patients with proven chronic pancreatitis have developed significant obstructive jaundice of more than transient duration. Eight presented as jaundice complicating known pancreatitis and three as jaundice of unknown cause. Life table analysis showed a steady rise in the risk of developing jaundice up to the end of 10 years from the onset of chronic pancreatitis. Jaundice was found to occur in the presence of more "destructive" disease, and jaundiced patients had a higher incidence of pancreatic calcification, diabetes and malabsorption at the time of presentation with jaundice. Obstructive jaundice caused by chronic pancreatitis was found to carry a good prognosis for jaundice, for pain and for life. Only one of the 11 patients died in hospital. It is important to distinguish chronic pancreatitis from cancer in these patients. Pre-operative and intra-operative cytology have been helpful. Stent insertion is not an appropriate method of treatment for these patients because of the benign nature of the disease and the possibility of exacerbating the pancreatitis. It is important to be aware of another form of "malignant masquerade" causing obstructive jaundice.     

自身免疫性胰腺炎

The purpose of this review is to provide a concise view of the existing knowledge of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) for practicing clinicians.AIP is a rare disease whose recognition and understanding are evolving.It is a type of chronic pancreatitis which often presents as obstructive jaundice,has a distinctive histology and is exquisitely sensitive to steroid therapy.This form of chronic pancreatitis has a unique clinical,biochemical,and radiological profile.The term “AIP” encompasses two subtypes:type 1 and type 2.Type 1 AIP is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic fibro-inflammatory disease called IgG4 associated systemic diseases; type 2 AIP has been shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease.Existing criteria are geared towards the diagnosis of type 1 AIP.At present,pancreatic histology is a requirement for the definitive diagnosis of type 2 AIP.AIP can mimic most other pancreatic diseases in its presentation,but in clinical practice it often has to be differentiated from pancreatic cancer.There are established criteria and algorithms not only to diagnose AIP but also differentiate it from pancreatic cancer.The utility of these algorithms and the approach to management are discussed here.     

Sensitivity and specificity of serum ribonuclease in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

The serum levels of a poly-[C]-specific acid ribonuclease (RNase) found in the pancreas was measured in 40 normal persons and 137 patients with pancreatic cancer, other cancers, obstructive jaundice, acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis. Serum RNase increased by as much as 800 percent above normal in 69 percent of patients with pancreatic cancer. Analysis of the serum isoenzymes of RNase by isoelectric focusing did not reveal any unique RNases produced by the tumors. In contrast, serum RNase rose in only 8 percent of patients with other cancers, 11 percent of other patients with obstructive jaundice and in no patients with chronic pancreatitis. These data suggest that the finding of increased serum RNase is of adjunctive value in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and may be particularly helpful in distinguishing it from other causes of biliary obstruction and from chronic pancreatitis.     

Endoscopic transmural and transpapillar procedures for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis

93 patients with chronic pancreatitis were treated endoscopically: 44 had transpapillar procedures and 49 patients had transmural operations. The transmural procedures were applied in case of pancreatic pseudicysts, whereas transpapillar endoscopic operations were applied in cases of the obstructive jaundice, pseudocyst, connected of the main pancreatic duct, virsungolithyasis or ductal pancreatitis with pain syndrome. The endoscopic procedures by chronic pancreatitis proved to be the reliable alternative to the traditional surgery.     

Jaundice and chronic pancreatitis: common bile duct compression by pancreatic pseudocyst

In chronic pancreatitis, obstructive jaundice solely due to common bile duct compression by a pancreatic pseudocyst is highly unusual. In most of these cases, the jaundice is due to fibrotic stricture of the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct. We report two cases of obstructive jaundice in chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst. Operative findings and follow-up during the postoperative period demonstrated compression by the pseudocyst over the common bile duct as the only etiologic factor of the jaundice. We believe that intraoperative cholangiography should be performed after drainage of a pseudocyst to correctly assess the etiology of obstruction.     

慢性胰腺炎的手术适应证和术式选择

目的提高慢性胰腺炎的外科治疗效果. 方法回顾性总结分析55例慢性胰腺炎外科治疗资料.发病因素:嗜酒5年以上、胆系结石、急性胰腺炎病史分别占38.2%,29.1%和20.0%.主要临床表现:慢性腹痛、梗阻性黄疸、体重减轻、消化不良、糖尿病分别为98.2%,38.2%,34.5%,20.0%和10.9%.全组均因慢性腹痛或伴有胰管和(/或)胆管梗阻、结石、胰腺钙化、肿块、假性囊肿等行外科治疗,共采用了10种术式. 结果无手术死亡和严重并发症.术后效果良好43例(78.2%),症状减轻好转10例(18.2%),无效2例(3.6%). 结论慢性胰腺炎长期慢性腹痛并胰胆管梗阻、结石、肿块、假性囊肿适于外科治疗,应根据病变类型和特点选择不同的术式.胰管梗阻扩张、结石或假性囊肿宜行胰管或囊肿空肠吻合,胰头肿块并胆、胰管梗阻可行胰头十二指肠切除或胆胰管空肠吻合术.     

自身免疫性胰腺炎

自身免疫性胰腺炎（autoimmune pancreatitis,AIP）是一种少见而特殊的慢性胰腺炎。尽管Sarles领导的法国科学团队于1961年发表了第1篇关于自身免疫对胰腺影响的报道,但直到1995年AIP这个概念才为人所知。2001年,Hamano等里程碑式地阐述了AIP与免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin,Ig）G4抗体的关系,     

Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis presenting as a pancreatic head mass in a child: case report and management recommendations

Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) is an autoimmune form of chronic pancreatitis found most commonly in elderly men and only rarely in children. A 10-year-old boy presented with a 3-week history of obstructive jaundice. Imaging studies showed a pancreatic head mass, hepatic ductal dilatation, and involvement of the portal vein. A preliminary diagnosis of malignancy was based on endoscopic ultrasound characteristics and fine-needle aspiration cytology. The patient underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged home on postoperative day 6. The final pathological diagnosis was LPSP. Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis in children that is difficult to distinguish from malignancy preoperatively. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of LPSP. Determination of elevated IgG4 levels in children with pancreatic head masses may allow for the medical treatment of LPSP.