尼卡地平复合艾司洛尔持续静脉泵注对LEAOD患者行血管旁路移植术循环功能的影响

目的 观察尼卡地平复合艾司洛尔持续静脉泵注对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEAOD)患者行人工血管旁路移植术循环功能的影响.方法 选择LEAOD行人工血管旁路移植术患者76例.随机分为两组:尼卡地平复合艾司洛尔持续静脉泵注组(A组)及对照组(B组).每组各38例.观察并记录麻醉前10 min(T0)、麻醉后10 min(T1)、麻醉后1 h(T2)、及手术结束时(T5)之MAP、HR、SpO2的变化.计算HR与SBP的乘积(RPP)、手术时间、术毕麻醉苏醒时间和术中芬太尼的用药量.结果 B组于T1至T3时HR和RPP值及T2至T3时MAP值显著高于T0时(P<0.05或0.01);A组于T1至T3时MAP、HR及RPP值显著低于T0时及B组(P(0.05或0.01).术毕麻醉苏醒时间A组短于B组(P<0.05),芬太尼用药量A组低于B组(P<0.05).结论 尼卡地平复合艾司洛尔持续静脉泵注可安全有效地降低心肌氧耗,维持LEAOD患者行人工血管旁路移植术循环功能相对稳定.     

不同剂量右美托咪定对老年LC患者围术期血流动力学及心率变异性的影响

[目的]探讨不同剂量右美托咪定(Dex)对老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者围术期血流动力学及心率变异性(HRV)的影响.[方法]90例行LC的老年患者,均行气管插管全麻,随机分为三组,每组30例,分别于麻醉诱导前15 min泵注10 mL的Dex,0.25 μg/kg(A组)、0.5 μg/kg(B组)和等量生理盐水(对照组,C组).比较三组患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、建立气腹后5 min(T1)、10 min(T2)、20 min(T3)、放气腹后5 min(T4)时的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)和LF/HF比值.[结果]三组患者术中输液量、麻醉时间及手术时间比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05);A组、C组T1-4时刻的MAP、HR均明显高于T0时刻(P<0.05);B组T1-4时刻的MAP、HR均明显低于A组和C组(P<0.05);B组T1-4时刻的HF明显高于A组和C组,LF/HF明显低于A组和C组(P<0.05);A组和C组患者T0-4时刻的LF、HF、LF/HF比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05);B组拔管后躁动发生率明显低于C组(P<0.05).[结论]0.5 μg/kg Dex更有利于维持老年LC患者围术期血流动力学稳定,且未增加不良反应的发生.     

右美托咪定复合硝酸甘油对妇科腹腔镜手术患者眼内压及血流动力学的影响

目的观察右美托咪定复合硝酸甘油对妇科腹腔镜手术患者眼内压(IOP)及血流动力学的影响。方法择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者90例,采用随机数字表法将其随机分为右美托咪定复合硝酸甘油组(DN组)、硝酸甘油组(N组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。麻醉诱导DN组静脉泵注负荷剂量0.6μg/kg右美托咪定,N组、C组静脉泵注等量生理盐水10 min后,依次静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼、维库溴铵及丙泊酚,气管插管后DN组静脉泵注右美托咪定0.6μg·kg-1·h-1、硝酸甘油2~4μg·kg-1·min-1,N组静脉泵注硝酸甘油4~6μg·kg-1·min-1,C组持续泵注生理盐水,至术毕前5 min停用所有药物。记录基础值(T0)、气腹后30 min(T1)、60 min(T2)及拔管后3 min(T3)的IOP、MAP、HR。记录术中不良反应的发生情况。结果 N组、DN组T1、T2时IOP较C组降低,DN组T1时IOP低于N组,DN组T1、T2时MAP及T1、T2、T3时HR低于C组、N组(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合硝酸甘油用于妇科腹腔镜手术,能较好的抑制IOP增高,心动过缓、低血压发生率高。     

硝酸甘油联合艾司洛尔控制性降压用于鼻内镜手术的临床观察

目的探讨硝酸甘油联合艾司洛尔控制性降压用于鼻内镜手术的临床效果。方法将72例择期鼻内镜手术患者随机分为A、B、C 3组,每组24例,A组不进行控制性降压处理,B组采用单纯硝酸甘油降压,C组采用艾司洛尔联合硝酸甘油降压。观察各组麻醉前（T0）、插管后（T1）、降压后15 min（T2）和降压结束后20 min（T3）的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）,术毕记录手术出血量、手术时间和硝酸甘油用量,评估术野质量。结果 B﹑C组T3时点MAP值均较A组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B组T3时点HR较A组明显增加,C组T3时点HR较A﹑B组均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。B﹑C组术中出血量、手术时间均较A组明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;C组硝酸甘油用量明显小于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论控制性降压用于鼻内镜手术效果确切、稳定,硝酸甘油联合艾司洛尔能发挥协同作用,效果更佳。     

全凭静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床研究

目的研究瑞芬太尼-异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的应用及其效果评价。方法择期LC手术患者40例,随机等分为两组。两组均以异丙酚2mg/kg,维库溴胺0.12mg/kg、瑞芬太尼2μg/kg按顺序麻醉诱导后气管插管。麻醉维持:试验组(R组)经静脉持续微泵泵注瑞芬太尼0.05～0.1μg/(kg.min)和异丙酚4～8mg/(kg.h);对照组(C组)以1%～2%异氟醚持续吸入维持麻醉。记录麻醉诱导前、气腹前、气腹后5min、气腹毕和术毕的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间和清醒程度及不良反应。结果R组呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间明显低于C组(P<0.05),OAAS评分明显高于C组(P<0.05)。与诱导前比较,R组SBP、DBP在各时间点无明显变化,HR在气腹前、气腹后5min、气腹毕、术毕明显减慢(P<0.01);C组在气腹后5minSBP、DBP明显增高(P<0.01),HR在气腹后5min、气腹毕明显增快(P<0.05或P<0.01)。组间比较,R组SBP、DBP在气腹后5min明显低于C组(P<0.01);HR在气腹前、气腹后5min、气腹毕、术毕明显低于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。R组术后恶心呕吐明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论瑞芬太尼-异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉用于LC手术,具有麻醉效果满意、血液动力学稳定、苏醒快速、术后恶心呕吐率低、无空气污染等优点。     

右美托咪定复合利多卡因不同停药时间对妇科腹腔镜术后氧化应激、炎症因子及苏醒质量的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定复合利多卡因不同停药时间对妇科腹腔镜术后氧化应激、炎症因子及苏醒质量的影响。方法 选取2021年1月～12月于安庆市立医院妇科拟行腹腔镜手术的患者75例,采用随机数字表法分为A组、B组和C组,右美托咪定和利多卡因分别于术毕前30 min、20 min、10 min停药。比较3组不同时刻心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP),比较3组插管后及拔管后2 h氧化应激[丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化水平(TAS)]和炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6]水平,比较3组苏醒质量,并统计不良反应发生情况。结果 与诱导前(T1)相比,拔管时(T2)、拔管后10 min(T3)A组HR、MAP及T2时刻B组和C组HR、MAP均升高(P<0.05);与A组比较,B组和C组T2、T3时刻HR降低,T2时刻MAP降低,T3时刻MAP无变化(P<0.05)。与插管后比较,拔管后2 h 3组MDA、CRP和IL-6升高,TAS水平降低(P<0.05);B组和C组拔管后2 h MDA、CRP和IL-6低于A组,TAS水平高于A组(P<0.05),C组拔管后2 ...     

腹腔镜手术中3种手术方式及体位对患者呼吸循环的影响

目的:比较三种不同的腹腔镜手术方式及体位对患者呼吸循环功能的影响。方法:气管内麻下行择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术(A组)、子宫肌瘤剔除术(B组)及肾囊肿揭盖术(C组)患者各15例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,术前心肺功能正常。常规静脉诱导气管插管,设置潮气量10mL/kg,呼吸频率12次/min,吸呼比1∶2,在七氟醚及丙泊酚静吸复合麻醉下行手术。A组仰卧位头高足低30～40°、B组仰卧位头低足高30～40°、C组侧卧位暴露肾区,气腹压力均维持在(14±1)mmHg,连续监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼吸末二氧化碳(PETCO2)及气道峰压值(Ppeak)。分别于摆好体位后人工气腹前5min(T0)、气腹后10min(T1)、30min(T2)及气腹结束后体位不变5min(T3)记录各测量值。结果:3组患者各时间点HR、MAP组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);B组及C组患者的MAP在T1、T2、T3时较T0时明显升高(P<0.05)。B组在T1、T2时间点的Ppeak、PaCO2高于A组与C组,A组与C组间无统计学差异;组内比较B组在T1、T2时的Ppeak值较T0时升高(P<0.05)...     

舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹期间的影响

目的评价舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔对腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹期间心血管反应和脑电双频指数(BIS)的影响。方法 2010年1月-2011年12月间,选择美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者90例,随机分为芬太尼组(A组)、舒芬太尼组(B组)和舒芬太尼+艾司洛尔组(C组)。A组用芬太尼4μg/kg,B、C组用舒芬太尼0.6μg/kg麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气;C组在气腹前加用艾司洛尔。3组均常规静脉注射咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg、丙泊酚2 mg/kg和维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg。分别记录各组在气腹前(T1)、气腹30 s(T2)、气腹5 min(T3)、气腹15 min(T4)时的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心率、血氧饱和度和BIS值。结果 T1时C组收缩压、舒张压、心率、BIS值最低,各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T2、T3、T4时A组收缩压、舒张压、心率、BIS明显增加,B组有所上升,ⅢC组各时段变化不明显。A组与B组、B组与C组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论舒芬太尼复合艾司洛尔能更好地预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹期间心血管反应和抑制BIS的增加。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同阶梯气腹压力对肥胖病人呼吸和循环的影响

[目的]探讨不同气腹压力对肥胖病人呼吸、循环的影响,为临床提供适宜肥胖病人气腹压力的依据.[方法]将择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人随机分为A组(10 mmHg)、B组(12 mmHg)、C组(15 mmHg),每组20例,各组于气腹前5 min(T0)、气腹后3 min(T1)、气腹后20 min(T2)、气腹后30 min(T3)分别监测收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼气末二氧化碳(PETCO2)、气道压(Paw),并于T1、T2穿刺桡动脉行血气分析.[结果]3组SBP、DBP、MAP T1时间点与T0比较差异有统计学意义,B组、C组T2时间点与T0比较差异有统计学意义;3组Paw在T1、T2、T3与T0比较差异有统计学意义,T3时间点A组、C组比较差异有统计学意义;B组、C组PETCO2在T2、T3与T0比较差异有统计学意义,A组与C组T2、T3时间点比较差异有统计学意义;C组pH值T2与T1差异有统计学意义,与A组比较差异有统计学意义;PaCO2组内、组间比较差异均无统计学意义,但有随时间延长、气腹压增加而增高的趋势;B组、C组PaO2在T2 与A组比较差异有统计学意义.[结论]12 mmHg的气腹压对于肥胖病人较为适宜,必要时暂时调高气腹压至13 mmHg或14 mmHg,并调快呼吸频率以增加每分通气量,及时排除CO2.     

FloTrac/Vigileo系统在腹腔镜胆囊切除患者围术期血流动力学监测中的运用

目的 将FloTrac/Vigileo系统用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者监测心输出量(CO),观察不同气腹压下血流动力学变化.方法 选择60例择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,按照随机数字表法分为三组,每组20例,A组气腹压8 mm Hg,B组气腹压12 mm Hg,C组气腹压15 mm Hg.Philips MP40监护仪监测心率(HR)、心电图(ECG)、血氧饱和度(SpO2),通过FloTrac传感器监测有创动脉血压,Vigileo监护仪接FloTrac传感器连续监测CO.分别记录麻醉诱导前入室静卧10 min后(T0)、气管插管后5 min(T1)、气腹后1 min(T2)、气腹后5 min改变体位时(T3)、气腹后20 min(T4)、气腹结束恢复体位后1 min(T5)、5 min(T6)、术毕拔管后5 min(T7)各时刻的MAP、HR及CO,观察并记录术中术后并发症.结果 与T0、T1时分别比较,各组患者HR、平均动脉压(MAP)在T2～T4时均显著增快和增高,以C组更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A、B两组MAP在T5时基本恢复至T0时水平,而C组至T6时才恢复至T0时水平.B组CO在T2、T3时与T0时相比明显降低,且T2时与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组CO在T2～T4时与T0时相比显著降低,且T2～T4时与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).C组术中出现1例偶发房性早搏,3例显著的心肌缺血改变,术后出现1例室性早搏.结论 气腹压12 mm Hg对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围术期血流动力学影响较小,FloTrac/Vigileo系统可以用于持续有效地监测患者血流动力学变化,为更早的临床诊断及决策创造了有利条件,优化围术期麻醉管理.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.