数字乳腺断层摄影在乳腺良恶性结节鉴别中的价值

目的与乳腺超声检查结果对比,评估数字乳腺断层X线摄影(DBT)鉴别乳腺良、恶性结节的效能。 方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年6月于南昌大学第二附属医院进行乳腺结节手术的患者资料,分别计算DBT及超声诊断乳腺良恶性结节的灵敏度、特异度及准确度,采用ROC分析评价DBT及超声结果与病理结果的一致性,并对二者进行比较。 结果DBT与超声对乳腺良恶性结节诊断的灵敏度分别为88.46%、75.00%,特异度为91.43%、94.29%,准确度为91.95%、82.76%,AUC为89.0%、81.8%。DBT诊断乳腺结节的准确度、灵敏度及曲线下面积均高于超声检查,特异度略低于超声检查。 结论DBT在乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别中具有较高的诊断效能,有利于乳腺癌的筛查及诊断,其效能不亚于乳腺超声。     

超声弹性成像灰阶图比值法在乳腺肿块鉴别诊断中的临床价值

目的：探讨超声弹性成像灰阶图比值法在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法80例经病理证实的乳腺良性和恶性结节患者,共90个结节,术前均行常规超声和弹性成像灰阶图检查,记录常规超声声像特征,计算病灶弹性成像长径／常规图像长径比率（ LR ）,并与术后病理结果进行对照。结果90个结节中,恶性结节35个,良性结节55个（其中复杂囊性结节3个,实性结节52个）。恶性结节LR为1．32＆#177;0．38,良性结节LR为0．91＆#177;0．17,恶性结节LR明显大于良性结节（P均＜0．05）,以LR＝1．05为临界点,判定乳腺恶性病灶的敏感度为88．5％、特异度为90．1％。结论超声弹性成像灰阶图比值法对鉴别乳腺良恶性病变具有重要价值。     

MRI动态增强技术在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)在乳腺良恶性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值和进展。方法收集自2012年3月至2014年3月临床触诊发现乳腺肿块且怀疑恶性的21例患者,23个病灶,应用DCE-MRI进行评价、诊断。结果动态增强扫描后15个恶性病灶中10个环形强化,其中7个表现为充填型环形强化;3个片状强化;2个结节状强化,最后手术切除或穿刺活检后病理验证恶性病变15个(65.2%),良性病变8个(34.8%)。结论 MRI动态增强扫描能更清楚地显示其生长类型、范围和内部结构,极大提高了乳腺疾病诊断的准确性。     

超声弹性成像对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值分析

目的 探讨超声弹性成像对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值.方法 应用超声弹性成像技术对经手术病理学或穿刺组织活检确诊为乳腺肿块的乳腺疾病患者128例进行超声检查,以病理检查结果 作为"金标准",分析超声弹性对乳腺良恶性病变诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,并测算弹性成像及灰阶声像图下病灶的长径及面积,测算长径变化率及面积比.结果 超声弹性成像诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度为85.96%,特异度为95.77%,准确率为91.41%,阳性预测值为94.23%,阴性预测值为89.47%;病灶恶性组≥4分的占比为38.28%(49/128),显著高于良性组的2.34%(3/128) (P<0.05);乳腺恶性病灶在灰阶成像及弹性成像中长径、面积测值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),良性病灶在灰阶成像及弹性成像中长径、面积测值差异不显著(P>0.05),良、恶性组间灰阶成像和弹性成像中的长径变化率、面积比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 超声弹性成像可以较为准确的判定乳腺肿物的相对弹性硬度,直径变化率及面积比等定量参数对肿物良恶性鉴别具有辅助功能.     

自动乳腺全容积成像与钼靶对乳腺肿瘤诊断价值对比

<正>迄今为止仍然没有一种有效控制乳腺癌发病的一级预防措施。随着人们的自我保健意识逐渐加强,通过自检和健康体检的女性发现乳腺结节的数量大幅增加。钼靶仍然是国际公认筛查乳腺癌的首选方法,但是它在致密性乳腺及年龄大于50岁的患者中乳腺病灶检出率低,需要其他影像学手段作为补充〔1〕。乳腺二维超声在乳腺肿瘤的筛查方面已经广泛应用于临床,但因其耗时、操作者依赖性强,不能提供肿物冠状切面信息等原因,仍然存在诸多不足。自动乳腺全容积成像(ABVS)     

多模态超声在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别中的价值

目的探讨多模态超声联合应用在乳腺肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断方面的价值。方法 55例乳腺肿物患者的62个病灶分别进行常规超声、乳腺三维超声(ABVS)、超声造影检查,经手术病理或穿刺活检病理证实,评估各诊断方法及联合应用后的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性及阴性预测值。结果术后病灶病理结果示,良性25个(40.3%),恶性37个(59.7%)。常规超声对病灶的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性及阴性预测值:81.08%、84.00%、82.25%、88.23%、75.00%;ABVS:83.78%、88.00%、85.48%、91.17%、78.57%;超声造影:83.78%、84.00%、83.87%、88.57%、77.78%;三者联合:89.18%、92.00%、90.32%、94.28%、85.19%,与单一技术比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论多模态超声联合应用可以提高乳腺肿瘤的良恶性鉴别诊断能力。     

乳腺肿瘤的超声造影和病理结果对照分析

目的探讨超声造影在乳腺病灶鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法以病理结果为金标准,对术前261例二维超声发现乳腺肿块的患者进行超声造影动态过程分析,应用Sono Liver软件获得时间-强度曲线(time-intensity curve,TIC)各参数值,并与术后病理结果(良性169例/186个,恶性92例/121个)进行对照。结果恶性肿瘤的超声造影表现为病灶早期快速非均匀高增强,周边放射状增强。而良性肿瘤则表现为病灶早期缓慢均匀弱增强和无增强,均无周边放射状增强。乳腺病灶造影后长宽比显著减小考虑恶性肿瘤。恶性病灶感兴趣区的峰值强度比值与良性病灶相比差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。造影结果与病理结果对照,186个良性病灶中166个诊断正确,20个误诊为恶性;121个恶性病灶中103个诊断正确,有18个误诊为良性。对恶性肿瘤敏感性为85.1%,特异性为89.2%,准确性为87.6%。结论超声造影可以动态观察乳腺病灶内微血管血流灌注状况,应用Sono Liver软件可对病灶进一步量化分析,有助于提高乳腺良恶性病灶的鉴别诊断水平。     

超声与钼靶检查对乳腺疾病良恶性诊断的对比分析

目的系统、定量地评价超声及钼靶成像技术对乳腺疾病的诊断准确性及诊断特点,为乳腺疾病选择影像学检查提供有价值的指导。方法分析228例患者237个乳腺结节彩色多普勒超声及钼靶声像学特征,以病理组织结果为金标准,评价多普勒超声、钼靶以及两者联合对乳腺疾病良恶性诊断价值。结果本组病理检查结果良性188例（194个结节）,恶性40例（43个结节）;彩色多普勒超声诊断恶性病变灵敏度为46.5%,特异度为80.4%,正确率为74.2%;X线钼靶诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的灵敏度为55.8%,特异度为75.2%,正确率为71.7%;两者结合诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤灵敏度为90.6%,特异度为89.6%,正确率为89.8%。结论多普勒超声及钼靶检查对乳腺肿块定性诊断均有较高价值,两者结合可提高鉴别乳腺肿瘤良恶性正确率,在临床诊断及制定治疗方案上有重要的指导价值。     

乳腺数字三维断层摄影技术与MRI在良恶性乳腺结构扭曲性病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨乳腺数字三维断层摄影技术（DBT）和乳腺MRI在良恶性乳腺结构扭曲性病变诊断中的应用。方法 收集116例经数字化乳腺X线摄影诊断为结构扭曲性病变乳腺疾病患者,经病理检查确诊为恶性58例、良性58例。入院后均行DBT和MRI检查,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）比较DBT、MRI单独及二者联合对良恶性病变的诊断效能。结果 116例患者中,单独DBT检查诊断为恶性59例、良性57例,单独MRI诊断为恶性72例、良性44例,DBT+MRI诊断为恶性64例、良性52例。MRI、DBT+MRI诊断良恶性乳腺结构扭曲性病变的敏感度最高,均为100%;DBT、DBT+MRI的特异度均高于MRI;DBT+MRI的阳性预测值和准确度均高于DBT、MRI。ROC曲线显示,DBT、MRI、DBT+MRI诊断良恶性病变的曲线下面积分别为0.854、0.903、0.953,DBT+MRI高于DBT(P<0.05),与MRI无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 乳腺DBT联合MRI检查对良恶性病变的诊断效能优于单独DBT检查,与单独乳腺MRI检查的诊断效能相近,但特异度有所提高。     

数字乳腺X线用于乳腺导管原位癌的诊断价值

目的探讨数字乳腺X线用于乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)的诊断价值。方法收集60例病理证实为DCIS患者的临床资料,均在术前行数字乳腺X线及彩色超声检查,对检查结果进行分析。结果数字乳腺X线对DCIS恶性定性、病灶、钙化诊断敏感性高于彩色超声,对肿块的诊断敏感性低于彩色超声(P<0.05);两者联合检查对DCIS恶性定性、病灶、肿块、钙化诊断敏感性高于彩色超声,对恶性定性、肿块诊断敏感性高于数字乳腺X线(均P<0.05)。结论数字乳腺X线用于DCIS的诊断敏感性高,尤其可发现单纯表现为钙化的病灶,联合彩色超声可提高对病变肿块的检出率,有助于提高定性诊断准确性。     

Tuberculosis of the breast misdiagnosed as breast cancer

The authors report 15 patients with tuberculosis of the breast initially misdiagnosed as breast cancers. Criteria of differentiation of breast tuberculosis were: incidence (Tbc: cancer = 1: 245), lacking in constant site of involvement, possible concomitant involvement of other organs, eg. lung tuberculosis, youth of the patient, multi-para and history of breast feeding, in isolated cases, co-existence of tuberculosis and cancer is not impossible. The authors stress meticulous care in evaluating the history, symptoms, signs and supplementary examinations. Needle biopsy and pathology are indicated.     

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the breast simulating breast cancer

A patient with a palpable mass in the breast suggestive of carcinoma underwent radical modified mastectomy. Surprisingly, histology of the tumor revealed an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Further diagnostic work up showed no evidence of underlying multiple myeloma. Among neoplastic lesions of the breast, although rare, malignancy of mesenchymal or lymphoproliferative origin should always be considered.     

Quality of life among breast cancer patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction versus breast conserving therapy

Purpose Besides the quality of the aesthetic results, the quality of life after surgery is one of the most important criteria when reviewing different operation methods, especially in oncologic diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the difference in the health-related quality of life following breast conserving surgery and autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Patients and methods Hundred and forty-four breast cancer patients were included in this study. Sixty seven patients underwent breast conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy. In 77 patients a mastectomy was performed with immediate or late reconstruction. To evaluate the health-related quality of life we used the SF-36 self-administered questionnaire. Results A significant difference was found in quality of life in the subscale “physical functioning” showing better results in the breast reconstruction group (P = 0.01). No significant difference was found in the other subscales, but there was a tendency to a better “emotional role” among the breast reconstruction patients. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that autologous tissue breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients did not affect adversely the health-related quality of life compared to breast conserving therapy when the quality of life is assessed by the standardized questionnaire SF-36. In particular, the physical function is not reported to be significantly influenced negatively by the more extensive surgical therapy. The authors declare that there are no considerations or conflict of interest patients gave informed consent for this study.     

Products of exocrine secretion of the breast and breast cancer

The breast is an exocrine gland which secretes the proteins present in breast milk, such as casein and lactalbumin. The apocrine metaplasia which often accompanies cystic transformation may result in the production of proteins in the cystic fluid: GCDFP (Gross cystic disease fluid protein). The production of these proteins by breast cancer and their secretion into the blood enable them to be considered as markers of tumour differentiation. They are useful to the clinical oncologist as quantifiable parameters of tumour extension and response to treatment. In the future, they may provide an index of malignant transformation and hormone dependence.     

Isolated internal breast adenopathy. Late recurrence of breast cancer

Invasion of the internal mammary lymph nodes is common in tumoral pathology of the breast, but an isolated internal mammary lymphadenopathy occurring long after treatment of the primary tumour is a rare event. The authors report one case and discuss the prognostic and therapeutic factors involved.     

BCRP基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的　研究乳腺癌耐药蛋白 (BCRP)基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平 ,探讨其与肿瘤病理分期、淋巴结转移的关系。方法　采用实时荧光定量 RT- PCR检测 5 1例乳腺癌患者癌组织和癌旁组织中 BCRP基因表达。结果　 BCRP基因在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率、表达水平均显著高于癌旁组织 (P<0 .0 1、<0 .0 5 ) ;BCRP基因在 、 、 期乳腺癌组织中的表达水平无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;有淋巴结转移者的 BCRP基因表达水平显著高于无淋巴结转移者 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 BCRP基因表达水平与肿瘤病理分期无关 ,与淋巴结转移有关 ,BCRP基因过表达可能在乳腺癌的多药耐药中起较重要的作用。     

Risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer after breast carcinoma in situ

The standardised incidence rates for invasive breast cancer were estimated in a cohort of 3455 women with a primary lobular or ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.