高龄股骨颈骨折患者人工双极股骨头置换术后骨质疏松症治疗的临床研究

[目的]探讨高龄股骨颈骨折患者人工双极股骨头置换术后骨质疏松症治疗的临床效果。[方法]将60例因股骨颈骨折接受人工双极股骨头置换术后的高龄患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。术后进行骨质疏松症的治疗,治疗组服用碳酸钙、骨化三醇、阿仑磷酸钠,对照组只服用碳酸钙、骨化三醇。比较两组患者平均手术时间、术中出血量。术后3 d、6个月和12个月行股骨假体周围骨密度测量,并观察术后血钙、磷值的变化、Harris评分和术后并发症。[结果]两组60例患者57例获得12个月完整随访,两组患者平均手术时间、术中出血量、血钙、血磷、Har-ris评分和术后并发症无显著差异(P0.05)。术后1周两组患者股骨假体周围骨密度值无显著差异(P0.05),术后6个月两组患者股骨假体周围ROI 1区和ROI 7区骨密度变化差异有统计学意义(P0.01),术后12个月两组患者股骨假体周围ROI 1区、ROI 2区、ROI 6区和ROI 7区骨密度有显著性差异(P0.01)。[结论]高龄股骨颈骨折患者人工双极股骨头置换术后使用阿仑磷酸钠治疗骨质疏松症能有效增加骨密度,预防再次骨折从而提高假体的使用寿命。     

阿仑膦酸钠预防非骨水泥型假体周围早期骨丢失的临床研究

目的 探讨阿仑膦酸盐对非骨水泥型人工假体周围早期骨量的影响.方法 50例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,术后1周对照组予以口服钙尔奇D1片,治疗组予以固邦10mg＋钙尔奇D片.连续服用3周.休息2周.5周为1疗程,连续5个疗程.分别于术后7天、3个月、6个月行假体周围骨密度（DEXA）检测.结果 50例病例中,45例获得完整随访.术后3个月、6个月假体周围骨量（ROI1区和ROI7区）对照组与治疗组相比有显著性差异（P＜0.01）.结论 阿仑膦酸钠能有效预防假体周围早期骨量减少.     

利塞膦酸钠对非骨水泥型全髓关节置换术后早期股骨假体周围骨密度的影响

目的 探讨利塞膦酸钠对非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后早期股骨假体周围骨密度的影响及治疗作用,以其为临床提供防止假体周围骨丢失和松动的预防措施和处理方法.方法 2011年3月～2012年5月于本院行非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术中符合纳入标准的患者共26例随机分成利塞膦酸钠组与对照组;试验组术后每日口服利塞膦酸钠5 mg+钙剂600 mg,而对照组仅服用钙剂600 mg;分别于术后1周、3、6个月测定股骨近端各感兴趣区(ROI)的骨密度.结果 获得完整病例24例,术后3、6个月各区骨密度均呈持续下降趋势,和对照组相比,术后3个月利塞膦酸钠组股骨假体(ROI1、ROI7)的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),其余各测量区骨密度2组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与对照组相比,术后6个月利塞膦酸钠组股骨假体(ROI1、ROI7)的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),其余各测量区骨密度2组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 利塞膦酸钠能够有效的减少非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后假体周围的骨丢失,从而减缓假体松动,延长假体使用寿命.     

骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术治疗老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折效果分析

目的探讨骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术治疗老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折的效果。方法选取襄城县人民医院2016-03—2017-06间收治的36例老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折患者,依照不同术式分为2组,各18例。对照组采取生物型假体髋关节置换术,观察组采取骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术。结果 2组术中出血量、手术时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组住院时间、术后1个月和6个月Harris评分、末次随访WHOQOL-100评分等指标比较,均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折患者实施骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术,可缩短住院时间、显著改善髋关节功能和提升生活质量。     

生物型人工半髋关节假体置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折患者效果观察

目的探讨生物型人工半髋关节假体置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折患者的效果。方法选取2016-01—2019-01间接受半髋关节假体置换术的74例老年股骨颈骨折患者,根据不同半髋关节假体分为2组,各37例。对照组采用骨水泥型人工半髋关节假体,观察组采用生物型人工半髋关节假体。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、住院时间,以及末次随访时髋关节功能。结果 2组髋关节功能优良率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术及住院时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论生物型人工半髋关节假体置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折患者,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快等优势,且术后髋关节功能恢复良好。     

全髋关节置换术与骨折内固定术治疗老年股骨颈骨折效果分析

目的比较全髋关节置换术与骨折内固定术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的效果。方法根据治疗方法不同将63例老年股骨颈骨折患者分为2组。观察组(32例)采用全髋关节置换术,对照组(31例)行骨折内固定术。结果观察组优良率、卧床时间、术中出血量、手术时间、术后3个月Ward三角部位骨密度及并发症发生率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与骨折内固定术相比,全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折,可降低术后并发症发生率,改善患者髋关节功能,促进患者早期恢复。     

钛缆钢板结合抗骨质疏松治疗Vancouver B1型股骨假体周围骨折

目的 探讨钛缆钢板结合抗骨质疏松治疗Vancouver B1型股骨假体周围骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年3月至2013年6月,9例Vancouver B1型股骨假体周围骨折患者行切开复位钛缆钢板内固定并结合抗骨质疏松治疗,对患者术后骨折愈合情况、髋关节功能进行评价,股骨近端按Gruen方法分7个测量兴趣区,术后3 d对健侧及患侧股骨近端7个分区进行骨密度测定。结果 9例患者均获得随访,随访时间19个月(12~36个月)。所有骨折均愈合,无感染、内固定断裂、股骨假体松动或下沉。髋关节Harris评分75~92分,平均82分,优良率达77%。假体周围骨折术后3 d患侧股骨假体周围所有Gruen分区骨密度均较健侧骨密度低(P0.05)。结论 髋关节置换术后假体周围存在不同程度的骨质疏松,钛缆钢板结合抗骨质疏松治疗Vancouver B1型股骨假体周围骨折髋关节功能恢复好,临床疗效满意。     

唑来膦酸对骨质疏松患者全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨密度的影响

目的：探讨注射用唑来膦酸5 mg对骨质疏松患者全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨密度的影响。方法选取2012年3月至2013年2月期间因骨质疏松性髋部骨折行全髋关节置换术的患者31例,所有患者初次诊断均为原发性骨质疏松症合并髋部骨折,入院前未曾行任何抗骨质疏松治疗,根据随机数字表分为两组：治疗组（16例,平均年龄73.8岁）,全髋关节置换术后5～7 d给予唑来膦酸5 mg,静脉滴注30 min,同时口服钙尔奇600 mg/d及阿尔法D30.25 ug/d;对照组（15例,平均年龄74.1岁）,术后仅给予口服钙尔奇600 mg/d及阿尔法D30.25 ug/d。分别于术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月使用双能X线骨密度仪（ DEXA）测定两组患者假体周围各感兴趣区的骨密度值。结果两组患者术后3个月、6个月、12个月与术后1周（基线）股骨近端假体周围骨密度除Gruen1区外,2～7区骨密度均呈不同程度下降。治疗组与对照组骨密度变化值相比,术后3个月Gruen 4区（0.84％vs -3.34％, t＝3.5805）、7区（-3.61％vs -16.7, t＝4.0455）组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后6个月Gruen 1区（9.96％vs 1.17％, t＝2.1293）、4区（1.21 vs -2.96, t＝2.0892）、6区（-0.56 vs -6.16, t＝2.9500）、7区（-5.71 vs -22.8, t＝4.3959）组间差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;术后12个月Gruen 1区（13.83 vs 1.39, t＝2.1795）、4区（0.81 vs -3.68, t＝2.1805）、6区（0.14 vs -6.04, t＝0.0247）、7区（-8.39 vs -25.4, t ＝3.8959）组间差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。术后使用唑来膦酸3个月即表现出明显抑制骨量丢失的作用,并且于6个月、12个月时唑来膦酸对Gruen 1、4、6、7区骨量有持续的正向影响;Gruen 7个区中对1、7区的影响最大,治疗组1区骨密度增幅是对照组的9.95倍,7区骨密度减幅是对照组的1/3。结论唑来膦酸注射液5 mg能有效减少股骨假体周围骨密度的丢失,潜在的增加假体生物学稳定性,减少假体无菌性松动的概率,延长假体使用寿命。     

桃红四物汤联合髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨对老年股骨颈骨折患者应用桃红四物汤联合髋关节置换术治疗的疗效。方法:选取我院 2018年 7 月—2020年 2月收治的 85例老年股骨颈骨折患者,依据治疗选择的方法不同,分为观察组(应用髋关节置换术 +术后常规治疗与桃红四物汤中药, 43例)和常规组(应用髋关节置换术 +术后常规治疗, 42例);评价两组术前及术后 12周的血清相关指标胰岛素生长因子 -1(IGF-1)、分泌型蛋白骨硬化蛋白( SOST)水平、骨密度(股骨颈、 Wards三角区、大转子)、髋关节功能 Harris评分、步行能力评分、肢体运动功能 FMMS评分及并发症发生情况。结果:术前两组血清 IGF-1、 SOST水平、股骨颈、 Wards三角区、大转子三个部位的骨密度、 Harris评分、步行能力评分、 FMMS评分比较均无明显差异(P＞ 0.05)。术后 12周,观察组血清 IGF-1水平、股骨颈、 Wards三角区、大转子三个部位的骨密度含量、 Harris评分及 FMMS评分均高于常规组;观察组血清 SOST水平、步行能力评分均低于常规组;观察组下肢静脉血栓、假体松动等并发症发生率均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义( P＜ 0.05)。结论:老年股骨颈骨折患者应用桃红四物汤联合髋关节置换术治疗,不仅能加快骨折的愈合与髋关节功能的恢复,还能减少下肢静脉血栓、假体松动等并发症发生比例,提升临床疗效,有一定的临床价值。     

股骨假体周围骨密度变化对人工髋关节置换近期疗效影响的研究

目的探讨股骨假体周围骨密度对人工全髋关节置换术后近期疗效的影响。方法78名人工全髋关节术后的患者进行平均14个月的随访，随访时进行Harris评分，每个患者在术后1周和复查时都进行骨密度检查。结果在骨水泥固定组、非骨水泥固定组和杂交固定组，Harris评分低于80分的患者，其假体周围骨密度低于高于80分者。结论股骨假体周围骨密度能够反映假体周围骨丢失情况，股骨假体周围骨密度可能与人工髋关节置换术后的早期功能恢复有一定的关系。     

How to deal with abdominoplasty in an abdomen with a sear

Abdominoplasty is a common procedure in plastic surgery. Reviewing 150 patients who underwent abdominoplasty, it has been observed that 72% of the patients already had an abdominal scar. How to deal with abdominoplasty in an abdomen with a previous scar is discussed in this article.     

自制框架内固定治疗脊柱骨折并截瘫的评价

本文通过对自制框架结构内固定治疗12例胸腰椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤病人的结果分析，认为框架结构具有独特的生物力学特性，其抗旋转及创奇能力优于Harrington捧，“n”形捧及Luque捧，但纵向撑开力不及Harrington律及Dick固定器。由于其为多节段固定．术后较为牢固，比较适用于无或轻度（I°～II°）椎体压缩的胸腰椎骨折脱位及下腰椎不稳定。文内对框架结构内固定的优缺点进行了评价。     

Salvage of foot with extensive giant cell tumour with transfer of vascularised fibular bone graft

Though giant cell tumor is not uncommon in young adults, simultaneous involvement of multiple mid-foot bones is very uncommon and very difficult to treat. For reconstruction of large segmental bony defects following tumour excision, free vascularized bone graft is an excellent surgical option. We report a case with extensive involvement of all the tarsal bones and metatarsal bases in a young adult. After excision his foot was reconstructed with vascularised bone flap. We were able to save his foot after a wide local excision and reconstruction with free fibula graft. Graft united early and showed excellent remodelling because of good vascularity. We feel that this method deserves consideration as a last attempt to salvage functional foot in disease like this.     

Clinical experience with duodenum-preserving total resection of the head of the pancreas with pancreaticocholedochoduodenostomy

The results of duodenum-preserving total resection of the head of the pancreas (DpTRHP) in 20 patients were compared with the results of pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenostomy (PpPD), a procedure in conventional use for the treatment of benign diseases, in 19 patients. The mean operative time for DpTRHP was 4.5±0.9 h, this being not significantly different from that for PpPD, whereas the mean intraoperative blood loss with DpTRHP (825±508ml) was significantly less than that with PpPD (1382±798 ml) (P<0.05). The morbidity and mortality rates of patients treated with DpTRHP were 25% and 0%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two surgical treatment groups for these values. The outcome of treatment with DpTRHP was excellent, as was that of PpPD, in terms of the frequency of early gastric stasis, the duration of hospital stay, the patient's capacity for taking food, gaining weight, and working, and the performance status 6 months postoperatively. Thus, DpTRHP, which entails the least extent of resection of the head of the pancreas compared to other currently employed procedures and enables the operator to accomplish reconstruction of the pancreatic and biliary systems without resecting or interrupting the continuity of the digestive tract, was not attended by any serious complications, while, digestive tract function was well preserved, and satisfactory results were produced.     

手法治疗肱骨外科颈骨折合并肩关节前脱位

自1998年3月-2003年7月，我们采取手法治疗肱骨外科颈骨折合并肩关节前脱位28例，取得了满意的效果，现总结报告如下。     

钢板内固定治疗锁骨骨折

我们采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗不稳定型锁骨骨折65例 ,取得满意疗效 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组 65例 ,男 41例 ,女 2 4例 ;年龄 1 2～ 54岁 ,平均 35岁。受伤至手术时间 1～ 6天 ,平均 4天。骨折类型包括 :短斜形 1 2例 ,长斜形 34例 ,粉碎性 1 9例。骨折部位 :中段 31例 ,外段 2 2例 ,内段 1 2例。选用钢板 :4孔钢板 34例 ,6孔钢板 2 1例 ,重建钢板 1 0例。2　治疗方法　　仰卧位 ,患侧肩胛部垫一薄垫 ,采用高位臂丛麻醉。以骨折为中心沿锁骨上缘做一约 3～ 5ｃｍ长之横切口 ,显露断端。沿纵轴切开骨膜 ,少许剥离后 ,撬拨并牵引使骨…     

Living with a heart transplant: long-term adjustment

The number of heart transplants performed worldwide has increased greatly in the past 10 years, and survival rates will continue to improve with the introduction of new immunosuppressive therapies. With this improved lifespan outlook, the experience of living with a heart transplant needs to be understood as a chronic condition. Twenty-nine recipients who were a minimum of 5 months post-transplantation (mean 22 months) and 23 significant others were interviewed twice 6 months apart using close-ended and open-ended questions developed from the Common Sense Model of health beliefs. Results suggest that although life improved for the majority post-transplantation, recipients continue to experience work problems, financial burdens, family role changes, lifestyle changes, and side effects associated with long-term drug treatment.     

Protection of the Myocardium with High-Energy Solutions

An approach to intraoperative protection of the myocardium is described that attempts to increase glucose utilization by infusion of high-energy solutions during aortic cross-clamping. Infusion of hypertonic glucose or glucose plus insulin prior to aortic cross-clamping has enhanced contractility and increased high-energy phosphate moieties in animals with induced ischemia. Recent pilot experiments in our laboratory suggest that infusions of creatine may result in increased production of creatine phosphate, which in turn induces phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate, possibly enhancing myocardial contractility. The intraoperative clinical benefits of these infusions remain to be proved, however.     

Men with hip fractures have poorer nutritional status and survival than women

Background Many hip fracture patients have a poor nutritional status which may be one explanation for their increased mortality.

Patients and methods We studied nutritional status and other mortality-related factors prospectively in 165 patients with hip fractures (85 women). We concentrated on differences between death rates and survival rates at 3 months and at 1 year, and between those patients who died within 3 months and those who died later.

Results In general, men had a poorer nutritional status and a larger number of comorbidities. Also, there were more smokers and alcohol abusers amongst the men. Of the patients who died during the first 3 months, most were men, and their initial nutritional status was poorer than that of women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a correlation between mortality and total serum protein, retinol binding protein and the number of comorbidities. Among patients who died after 3 months, mortality was associated with the number of comorbidities and smoking.

Interpretation The higher mortality rate in men than in women after hip fracture may in part be explained by the poor nutritional status in men.     

综合治疗中晚期胰头癌38例体会

目的 探讨中晚期胰头癌综合治疗效果。方法 对我院2001年1月至2007年10月无法手术切除的38例中晚期胰头癌行高位肝胆管空肠吻合术和胃空肠吻合术，术中同时行肿瘤局部无水酒精消融和腹腔神经丛无水酒精阻滞及区域动脉置管皮下埋泵术后化疗等综合治疗（简称为综合组），并就治疗效果与同期单纯行胆肠内引流治疗（简称为单纯组）的39例病人进行对比分析。结果 综合治疗组病例未增加手术并发症，术后疼痛缓解率和肿瘤缓解率有显著性提高，综合组半年、1年、2年生存率为94．37％、51．62％和7．02％。单纯组半年、1年、2年生存率为61.8％、17．34％和0。结论 综合治疗有助于延长中晚期胰腺癌病人的生存期和减轻病人疼痛、提高病人生活质量。