降钙素对体外培养破骨细胞功能的影响

目的　观察降钙素对体外培养破骨细胞功能以及成骨细胞的骨保护素 (OPG)、细胞核因子 κB受体活化因子配基 (RANKL)的表达的影响。方法　分别用酶消化法和机械分离获得新生SD大鼠成骨细胞、破骨细胞 ,在培养液中分别加入不同浓度的降钙素 ,以抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 (TRAP)染色观察破骨细胞数目、形态 ,Image ProPlus图像软件分析骨片上骨吸收陷窝的数目和面积。用RT PCR方法观察成骨细胞OPG、RANKL的表达。结果　各组破骨细胞数目随着降钙素浓度增加而减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。骨片培养5天 ,吸收陷窝计数的结果显示 ,10 -14 mol/L以上浓度降钙素对破骨细胞吸收功能均有明显抑制作用 ,并呈剂量相关性。 10 -12 mol/L组陷窝面积为对照组的 49% (P <0 .0 1) ,10 -8mol/L组为对照组的 3 0 % (P <0 .0 1)。降钙素组破骨细胞OPGmRNA表达较对照组升高 ,RANKL降低 (均P <0 .0 5 )。结论　除了直接作用于破骨细胞外 ,降钙素还通过影响成骨细胞上OPG、RANKL的分泌间接调控破骨细胞功能 ,抑制骨吸收。     

氟伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合影响的超微结构研究

目的探讨氟伐他汀促进骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合的机制。方法卵巢切除后3个月已经出现骨质疏松的SD大鼠72只,于股骨中段制造骨折模型,随机分为给药组和对照组,每组36只,给药组手术次日给予10 mg/(kg.d)氟伐他汀灌胃,疗程为6 w,对照组给予安慰剂。采用透射电镜对给药组和对照组骨折后3、7、14、21、28和42 d骨痂进行观察。结果两组骨折愈合早期(14 d前)参与修复的细胞类型,细胞功能状态几乎相同;术后14 d给药组成骨细胞和破骨细胞功能较对照组活跃;术后28 d给药组变性坏死的软骨细胞较对照组少;术后42 d成骨细胞和破骨细胞功能均消失。结论氟伐他汀既能促进成骨细胞功能,又能促进破骨细胞功能,以前者为著。     

IGF-Ⅰ对破骨细胞骨吸收的促进作用依赖于成骨细胞的协同

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ)对破骨细胞骨吸收的促进作用是否需要成骨细胞的协同.方法 体外培养MC3T3小鼠成骨细胞及NF-κB受体的配体(receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL)诱导分化成熟的破骨细胞,分别给予重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(rhIGF-Ⅰ)进行干预,Western印迹检测IGF-Ⅰ受体的活化情况.以0、10 ng/ml的rhIGF-Ⅰ直接干预破骨细胞或与成骨细胞在Transwell双层培养板中共培养的破骨细胞,MTT法测定破骨细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测破骨细胞凋亡率;实时PCR检测组织蛋白酶K基因的表达.将不同方式干预的破骨细胞接种在骨磨片上,光镜观察骨吸收陷窝的形成.结果 在成骨细胞、破骨细胞表面均检测到可被IGF-Ⅰ激活的IGF-Ⅰ受体.仅在成骨细胞、破骨细胞共培养时rhIGF-Ⅰ能够促进破骨细胞活细胞的增殖(P＜0.05);抑制破骨细胞的凋亡(P＜0.05);上调组织蛋白酶K基因的表达(P＜0.05);增加骨吸收陷窝的数量及面积.IGF-Ⅰ对单独培养的破骨细胞则作用不明显.结论 IGF-Ⅰ对破骨细胞骨吸收的促进作用需要成骨细胞的协同.     

GM6001对糖皮质激素性股骨头坏死大鼠骨组织功能及骨代谢指标的影响

目的探讨静脉注射基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂GM6001对糖皮质激素性股骨头坏死(SINFH)大鼠骨组织功能及骨代谢指标的影响。结果采用健康SD大鼠臀肌注射甲基泼尼松龙制备SINFH模型,将72只模型大鼠随机分为SINFH组,低剂量GM6001(GM6001-L)组和高剂量GM6001(GM6001-H)组。GM6001-L组和GM6001-H组在造模同时经尾静脉注射50、100 mg/kg,1次/w,连续8 w。另取24只正常SD大鼠于臀肌注射相同剂量生理盐水作对照。分别于造模2、4、6、8 w检测各组血清磷、血清钙水平,检测造模8 w的血清骨代谢指标〔骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、破骨细胞型抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(Str ACP)和降钙素(CT)〕水平,采用双能X线骨密度测定仪检测造模8 w的股骨转子及股骨头的骨密度,通过股骨头形态学观察计数视野内成骨细胞数与破骨细胞数。结果与对照组相比,SINFH组的血清钙磷、BGP、CT、股骨转子和股骨头的骨密度及股骨头成骨细胞计数均降低,而BALP水平及Str ACP活性均和破骨细胞均升高(P0.05);GM6001可升高SINFH大鼠的血清钙磷、BGP、CT水平、股骨头成骨细胞计数及股骨转子和股骨头的骨密度,降低BALP水平及Str ACP活性均和破骨细胞计数,与SINFH组和对照组均有统计学差异(P0.05);GM6001-H组的以上指标均优于GM6001-L组(P0.05)。结论 GM6001可改善SINFH大鼠的血清钙磷和骨代谢指标水平并升高股骨骨密度,抑制MMP活性在糖皮质激素性所致股骨头坏死中有较好的防治价值。     

乳铁蛋白对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松大鼠骨密度及骨形态学的影响

目的探讨乳铁蛋白对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松(GIOP)大鼠骨密度及骨组织形态学的影响。方法 60只雌性4月龄Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组、乳铁蛋白治疗组和阿仑膦酸钠治疗组。除对照组外,各组均予地塞米松2.0mg/kg肌肉注射(2次/周)诱导糖皮质激素性骨质疏松模型。造模同时分别给予乳铁蛋白3g/kg·d~(-1)、阿仑膦酸钠160mg/kg·d~(-1)预防性治疗,对照组、模型组予0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃。3个月后行骨密度及骨形态学检测。结果 (1)与对照组相比,模型组左侧股骨及椎骨骨密度、骨小梁厚度及面积、成骨细胞计数明显降低,破骨细胞计数明显升高(P0.01)。(2)乳铁蛋白治疗组大鼠骨密度较模型组明显升高(P0.01),与阿仑膦酸钠治疗组、对照组比较差异无统计学意义;(3)乳铁蛋白治疗组大鼠成骨细胞计数较模型组显著增多(P0.01),与阿仑膦酸钠治疗组差异无统计学意义;(4)乳铁蛋白治疗组大鼠破骨细胞计数较模型组显著降低(P0.01),较阿仑膦酸钠治疗组显著增多(P0.01);(5)乳铁蛋白治疗组大鼠左侧股骨及椎骨骨小梁厚度与面积较模型组厚度显著增厚、面积显著变大(P0.01),较阿仑膦酸钠治疗组厚度显著变薄、面积显著减少(P0.01)。结论 (1)乳铁蛋白可改善GIOP大鼠骨微结构,增加成骨细胞数目,降低破骨细胞数目。(2)乳铁蛋白与阿仑膦酸钠在增加骨密度、阻止成骨细胞数目降低方面疗效相似,但在降低破骨细胞数目、增加骨小梁厚度、骨小梁面积方面乳铁蛋白疗效不如阿仑膦酸钠。     

脂质代谢紊乱与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性研究进展

股骨头坏死（ ONFH ）又称缺血性股骨头坏死,分为创伤性和非创伤性两大类,非创伤性中以激素诱导的股骨头坏死最为常见,多发生于中青年人。关于激素性股骨头坏死的发病机制,一是激素对成骨细胞、骨细胞、破骨细胞的直接作用,通过抑制成骨细胞分化、增殖,促进成骨细胞、骨细胞凋亡,延长破骨细胞的生存期,最终导致骨量丢失,股骨头塌陷;二是激素的间接作用,通过促进血管内皮细胞的凋亡导致血栓形成;抑制血管内皮生长因子（ VEGF）表达使血管修复及新生血管形成障碍,影响血管收缩和舒张活性物质的表达及脂质代谢等。研究表明脂质代谢紊乱及脂质对骨内细胞的影响在激素性股骨头坏死中发挥重要作用。现对脂质代谢紊乱与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性研究进展综述如下。     

骨碎补水煎剂对牙齿正畸大鼠牙槽骨重塑的影响

目的观察骨碎补水煎剂对大鼠正畸牙牙槽骨重塑的影响。方法选择48只SPF级Wistar大鼠,随机分实验组和对照组,各24只。建立大鼠正畸牙齿移动实验模型。实验组每日灌服6g/kg骨碎补水煎剂;对照组每日灌服3 m l生理盐水。两组动物于正畸加力7、14、21、28 d后分批处死,取上颌骨测量上颌第一磨牙近中移动距离,切片观察第一磨牙牙根,测量牙槽骨密度值。结果正畸加力7 d,实验组大鼠的牙齿移动距离和牙槽骨密度与对照组相比P均〉0.05,破骨细胞数量有统计学差异。加正畸力14、21、28 d实验组大鼠第一磨牙移动距离、破骨细胞的数量以及骨密度均与对照组相比P均〈0.05。结论 骨碎补水煎剂能够有效减缓牙槽骨骨密度的减低,加速牙齿的移动,促进牙槽骨重塑。     

丹参注射液治疗骨内高压症的实验研究

将30个骨内高压症兔模型随机分为治疗组和对照组各15只，分别肌注等量丹参注射液2ml（含丹参3g）和等量生理盐水。结果治疗组双侧骨内压比较，P〉0．05，病变侧骨髓超微结构近似正常；对照组病变侧骨内压明显高于正常侧，P〈0．001，骨髓超微结构明显处于病理状态。提示丹参治疗骨内高压症作用确切。     

年龄相关的骨髓细胞分化对成骨和破骨影响的实验研究

目的　从骨髓细胞分化角度研究年龄相关的成骨和破骨细胞分化的机理 ,探讨老年性骨质疏松症的发生机理。方法　通过骨髓细胞培养 ,应用组织形态学、流式细胞仪分析和分子生物学技术 ,采用碱性磷酸酶 (AL P)染色和骨钙素检测等手段观察青年大鼠和老年大鼠骨髓细胞分化成成骨和破骨细胞的状况。结果　青年大鼠骨髓基质细胞 (MSCs)形成成骨细胞数比老年大鼠多 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;老年大鼠骨髓细胞形成破骨细胞数比青年大鼠多 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论　大鼠骨髓细胞分化成成骨细胞的能力与年龄呈负相关 ,分化成破骨细胞的能力与年龄呈正相关。     

辛伐他汀对牙周组织再生的影响及意义

目的 研究辛伐他汀(Sim)对牙周组织再生的影响和作用机制.方法 40只2月龄清洁级健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各20只,实验组每天Sim灌胃给药,连续灌注7 d.在上颌双侧磨牙区腭侧造牙周组织创伤模型,再给药7天.然后处死取上颌双侧第一、第二磨牙连同牙周软硬组织切片、原位杂交、染色、观察.结果 对照组破骨细胞数(4.78±2.12)个,而实验组(2.93±1.87)个(P＜0.05);实验组牙周间充质细胞内TGF-β1 mRNA表达的细胞数为(15.36±2.25)个,多于对照组的(7.49±1.88)个(P＜0.05);实验组中15例有活跃的成骨细胞,多于对照组的8例(P＜0.05).结论 Sim对牙周组织再生具有促进作用,可能通过上调TGF-β1 mRNA表达,促进牙周组织再生.     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Investigation of mode of action of biofeedback in treatment of fecal incontinence

A study was carried out in 25 incontinent patients to evaluate some of the factors thought to be responsible for the success of retraining for fecal incontinence. Subjects were initially allocated to one of two groups; one group was trained to perceive small rectal volumes (active retraining), the other group carried out the same maneuvers but were not given any information or instruction. Active sensory retraining reduced the sensory threshold from 32 +/- 8 to 7 +/- 2 ml (P less than 0.001), corrected any sensory delay that was present (P less than 0.004), and reduced the frequency of incontinence from 5 +/- 1 to 1 +/- 1 episodes per week (P less than 0.01). Sham retraining caused a modest reduction in the sensory threshold (from 29 +/- 9 to 20 +/- 8; P less than 0.05) but did not significantly reduce the frequency of incontinence. Subsequent strength and coordination training did not significantly improve continence, although at the end of the study, 50% of patients had no incontinent episodes at all and 76% of patients had reduced the frequency of incontinence episodes by more than 75%. This improvement in continence was not associated with any change in sphincter pressures or in the continence to rectally infused saline but was associated with significant improvements in rectal sensation. The functional improvement was sustained over a period of two years in 16 of the 22 patients available for follow-up. In conclusion, the results support the use of retraining in the management of fecal incontinence and suggest that retraining may work by enhancing rectal sensitivity and instilling confidence.