中药川贝对哮喘模型小鼠气道炎症的影响及可能机制研究

目的 观察中药川贝对哮喘模型小鼠气道炎症及白细胞介素8（IL-8）、白细胞介素13（IL-13），趋化因子受体CXCR-2 和趋化因子配体[ 肿瘤生长相关因子-α（GRO-α）、上皮细胞嗜中性粒细胞活性蛋白-78（ENA-78）及嗜中性活性肽-2（NAP-2）] 的影响。方法 BALB/c 小鼠，随机分为正常组、模型组、高剂量组、低剂量组。采用卵蛋白（OVA）致敏激发复制小鼠哮喘模型。造模成功后高剂量组和低剂量组分别按18.0 和9.0 mg/kg 剂量给予中药川贝灌胃；正常组和模型组等量生理盐水灌胃，每天1 次，连续28 d。观察各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中白细胞分类计数的变化；光镜下观察病理学变化并进行炎症评分；ELISA 检测血清中IL-8 和IL-13 浓度；免疫组织化学法检测CXCR-2 和GRO-α、ENA-78、NAP-2 阳性细胞；实时PCR（real-time PCR）检测CXCR-2 和GRO-α、ENA-78、NAP-2 mRNA 的表达。结果 模型组小鼠BALF 中中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞计数及炎症评分较正常组增高，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05），高剂量组和低剂量组则较模型组降低，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；模型组小鼠IL-8 和IL-13 浓度较正常组增高，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05），高剂量组和低剂量组则较模型组降低，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）；模型组小鼠CXCR-2 和GRO-α、ENA-78、NAP-2 阳性细胞和mRNA 表达水平较正常组增加，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05），而高剂量组和低剂量组则较模型组降低，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 中药川贝可能通过抑制IL-8、IL-13，CXCR-2 和GRO-α、ENA-78、NAP-2 发挥对哮喘模型小鼠的抗炎作用。     

葛根素抑制小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的作用

  目的  探索葛根素（Puerarin）治疗小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE）的作用和机制。  方法  将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、EAE组、Puerarin处理EAE组（Puerarin组）。从诱导EAE当日开始，Puerarin组用葛根素（80 mg/kg）灌胃，其余2组用同体积生理盐水灌胃，每日1次。每天记录神经功能评分及体重变化；劳克坚劳蓝（luxol fast bBlue，LFB）髓鞘染色检测脊髓脱髓鞘情况；ELISA法检测血清中IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、IL-22和TGF-β的水平；Western 印迹法检测脊髓组织NF-κB、IκBα、IL-17、Foxp3等蛋白表达。  结果  Puerarin组小鼠神经功能评分及平均分均较EAE组明显降低（P < 0.01），而体重明显增加（P < 0.01）。应用葛根素后，EAE小鼠脱髓鞘面积（P < 0.01）及病理评分（P < 0.05）均明显下降。Puerarin组小鼠促炎因子IL-6、IL-17和IL-22水平显著降低（P < 0.01），抑炎因子IL-10和TGF-β显著增加（P < 0.05）。应用葛根素后:NF-κB及IL-17表达明显减少（P < 0.05）；IκBα及Foxp3表达显著增加（P < 0.01）。  结论  葛根素可缓解EAE小鼠症状，减少脱髓鞘。作用机制是抑制NF-κB通路，调节IL17/Tregs平衡，实现对免疫功能的调节。     

不同剂量甲泼尼龙对肺炎支原体肺炎模型小鼠肺组织TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响

目的 探究不同剂量甲泼尼龙对肺炎支原体肺炎模型小鼠肺组织Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4）/核因子κB（nuclear factor κB ,NF-κB）通路的影响。 方法 选取40只SD健康雄性小鼠,随机选取10只为正常小鼠组,其余30只建立肺炎支原体肺炎小鼠模型,建模成功后随机选取10只做模型组,其余20只分别为低剂量干预组、高剂量干预组,其中低剂量干预组小鼠以低剂量甲泼尼龙进行注射,高剂量干预组小鼠以高剂量甲泼尼龙进行注射。比较各组间TLR4、NF-κB表达,免疫组织化学法检测TLR4、NF-κB水平,酶联免疫法检测及肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）,硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）。 结果 相比正常小鼠组,模型组、低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组TLR4、NF-κB表达均较高,低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组TLR4、NF-κB表达低于模型组,且高剂量干预组TLR4、NF-κB表达低于低剂量干预组（P＜0.05）;相比正常小鼠组,模型组、低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组TLR4、NF-κB水平均较高,低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组TLR4、NF-κB水平低于模型组,且高剂量干预组TLR4、NF-κB水平低于低剂量干预组（P＜0.05）;相比正常小鼠组,模型组、低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组TNF-α、IL-1β水平均较高,低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组TNF-α、IL-1β水平低于模型组,且高剂量干预组TNF-α、IL-1β水平低于低剂量干预组（P＜0.05）;相比正常小鼠组,模型组、低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组MDA水平较高、SOD水平均较低,与模型组相比,低剂量干预组与高剂量干预组MDA水平较低、SOD水平较高,且高剂量干预组MDA水平低于、SOD水平高于低剂量干预组（P＜0.05）。 结论 在肺炎支原体肺炎模型小鼠中,应用甲泼尼龙能够显著改善出现的肺组织损伤,抑制TLR4/NF-κB通路表达,降低炎症反应程度,改善氧化应激,且高剂量效果较为显著。     

白芍总苷对内毒素性心肌炎大鼠心肌组织炎症因子的影响

目的研究白芍总苷（TGP）对内毒素性心肌炎大鼠心肌组织中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、NF-κB表达的影响。方法通过尾静脉注入脂多糖（LPS）建立内毒素性心肌炎大鼠模型,分别以低、中、高剂量的TGP进行干预,光镜观察大鼠心肌组织的病理学变化,免疫组化检测心肌组织TNF-α、IL-1β、NF-κB的表达水平。结果光镜观察发现模型组大鼠心肌组织炎症反应明显,较多炎症细胞浸润;TGP中、高剂量组大鼠心肌组织炎症反应较轻,有少量炎症细胞浸润;低剂量组大鼠心肌组织炎症坏死程度介于模型组和中剂量组之间。免疫组化检测提示TGP中、高剂量组TNF-α、IL-1β、NF-κB的表达明显减少,与模型组比较均有统计学差异（均P＜0.01）;TGP低剂量组的TNF-α、IL-1β表达与模型组均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）,而NF-κB的表达与模型组有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论 TGP能有效抑制内毒素性心肌炎大鼠心肌组织炎症反应,减轻心肌损伤,在中、高剂量时效果明显。     

白喉乌头对RA大鼠B10细胞和炎症因子的影响

目的探讨白喉乌头对类风湿关节炎(RA)大鼠B10细胞和炎症因子的影响。方法将40只SPF级雌性Wistar大鼠均分为空白对照组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组与阳性对照组。除空白对照组外,其他组大鼠均建立类风湿关节炎模型,造模成功后,模型组生理盐水灌胃,低剂量和高剂量组每天22.5、45 mg/kg白喉乌头灌胃,阳性对照组每天1 mg/kg雷公藤灌胃,每次灌胃1 mL,每天1次,连续4周。HE染色观察各组大鼠踝关节滑膜组织病理学变化,免疫组化法检测各组滑膜组织B10细胞表面抗原CD19、CD5表达情况,ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β、IL-10、IL-12的水平。 结果模型组关节滑膜有水肿及大量纤维组织增生;低剂量组、阳性对照组有少量纤维组织增生;高剂量组轻微水肿,无纤维组织增生。模型组CD5、CD19蛋白表达较空白对照组增高(P＜0.05),低剂量组、高剂量组和阳性对照组CD5、CD19蛋白表达较模型组降低(P＜0.05)。模型组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-12、IL-1β水平较空白对照组增加(P＜0.05),低剂量组、高剂量组、阳性对照组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-12、IL-1β水平较模型组降低(P＜0.05)。结论白喉乌头可能通过调控B10细胞减少RA滑膜组织的炎症反应。     

脊髓损伤小鼠中甘草苷通过抑制MAPK通路抑制炎症和神经元凋亡

目的 研究甘草苷对脊髓损伤小鼠中炎症和神经元凋亡的影响。方法 将48只C57BL/6小鼠随机均分为假手术组（Sham组）、脊髓损伤模型组（SCI组）、低剂量甘草苷组（LQ-L组）、高剂量甘草苷组（LQ-H组）,每组12只。采用脊髓打击器撞击脊髓建立脊髓损伤模型,LQ-L组和LQ-H组分别予以低剂量（30 mg/kg）和高剂量（60 mg/kg）甘草苷灌胃。采用后肢运动功能评分（BMS）评估小鼠运动功能。取脊髓组织,HE染色观察病变面积,比色法检测髓过氧化物酶活性,TUNEL检测细胞凋亡,Nissl染色观察神经元丢失,免疫荧光双染检测caspase 3阳性神经元数量,Western blotting检测MAPK通路蛋白表达。结果 脊髓损伤明显降低了小鼠运动功能,促进了脊髓炎症、病变面积、神经元凋亡及p-ERK、p-p38 MAPK、p-JNK蛋白表达（P <0.05）。LQ-H组术后第14、21天,脊髓损伤小鼠运动功能明显提高（P <0.05）。LQ-L组和LQ-H组脊髓炎症、病变面积、神经元凋亡及p-ERK、p-p38 MAPK、p-JNK蛋白表达均明显抑制（P <0...     

决明子总蒽醌对脂多糖诱导大鼠急性 肝损伤的作用及其机制探讨

目的 观察决明子总蒽醌对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的急性肝损伤（ALI）大鼠的作用及对HMGB1/ TLR4/NF-κB 信号通路的影响。方法 将60 只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高 剂量组，除对照组外其余大鼠给予尾部静脉注射LPS（5 mg/kg）复制ALI 模型，对照组给予等体积的生理盐 水。低、中、高剂量组在模型复制后每日分别给予大鼠灌胃1 次10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg 及40 mg/kg 的决明子 总蒽醌，灌胃剂量5 ml，连续给药14 d ；对照组和模型组给予同等体积生理盐水。检测大鼠丙氨酸氨基转移 酶（ALT）、总胆红素（TBIL）及天门冬氨酸基转移酶（AST），HE 染色观察肝组织病理变化，TUNEL 染色 检测各组大鼠肝组织中的细胞凋亡，ELISA 法检测肝组织中的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β），Western blotting 检测高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）、Toll 样受体4（TLR4） 及核因子κB（NF-κB）蛋白表达量。结果 模型组ALT、AST 及TBIL 水平较对照组升高（P <0.05），中、 高剂量组较模型组下降（P <0.05）。模型组肝细胞凋亡率较对照组升高（P <0.05），中、高剂量组较模型组下 降（P <0.05）。模型组肝组织中IL-6、IL-1β 和TNF-α 水平较对照组升高（P <0.05），中剂量组、高剂量 组较模型组下降（P <0.05）。模型组HMGB1、TLR4 及NF-κB 蛋白相对表达量较对照组升高（P <0.05）， 中、高剂量组较模型组下降（P <0.05）。结论 决明子总蒽醌可以抑制LPS 诱导ALI 大鼠的HMGB1/TLR4/ NF-κB 信号通路的激活，从而减轻炎症反应，发挥对肝脏的保护作用。     

琐琐葡萄黄酮对APP/PS-1双转基因阿尔茨海默病小鼠神经炎症的保护作用

目的 研究琐琐葡萄黄酮（VTF）对APP/PS-1双转基因阿尔茨海默病（AD）小鼠神经炎症保护作用的机制。方法 选取6月龄APP/PS-1双转基因雄性小鼠75只,随机分为模型组（0.5%CMC-Na）、阳性组（多奈哌齐0.7 mg/kg体重）、VTF低剂量组（VTF 70 mg/kg体重）、VTF中剂量组（VTF 210 mg/kg体重）、VTF高剂量组（VTF 420 mg/kg体重）,每组15只;另选取6月龄同背景SPF级C57BL/6小鼠15只为对照组（0.5%CMC-Na）。灌胃8周后,免疫组织化学检测IBA1蛋白表达;Western blotting检测APP、IBA1蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测脑组织的白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果 对照组、阳性组及VTF各剂量组IBA1蛋白阳性表达率较模型组低（P <0.05）;对照组、阳性组及VTF各剂量组APP、IBA1蛋白相对表达量较模型组低（P <0.05）;对照组、阳性组及VTF各剂量组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量较模型组...     

槲皮素对应激致小鼠抑郁症的作用及相关机制

目的探讨槲皮素对应激致小鼠抑郁症的作用及相关机制。方法将90只小鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、高剂量槲皮素组、中剂量槲皮素组、低剂量槲皮素组,每组18只。除对照组外,其他4组均采用慢性不可预知性温和应激制备抑郁模型,连续给予应激4周。从应激第3周开始,高、中、低剂量槲皮素组分别给予5、10、20mg/（kg·d）的槲皮素（溶于2ml0.9%氯化钠溶液中）灌胃干预,模型组及对照组仅给予2ml0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃。应激处理4周,每周记录并比较各组小鼠体质量变化、抑郁行为以及海马组织IL-1β、TNF-α、5-羟色胺（5-HT）及脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平。结果造模第3、4周,各组小鼠体质量为对照组＞高剂量槲皮素组＞中剂量槲皮素组＞低剂量槲皮素组＞模型组（均P＜0.05）。造模结束后,各组小鼠旷场活动路程比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;各组小鼠游泳不动时间、悬尾不动时间均为对照组＞高剂量槲皮素组＞中剂量槲皮素组＞低剂量槲皮素组＞模型组（均P＜0.05）;海马组织IL-1β、TNF-α表达为对照组＜高剂量槲皮素组＜中剂量槲皮素组＜低剂量槲皮素组＜模型组（均P＜0.05）,5-HT、BDNF表达为对照组＞高剂量槲皮素组＞中剂量槲皮素组＞低剂量槲皮素组＞模型组（均P＜0.05）。结论槲皮素具有抗抑郁作用,其作用机制可能与海马组织IL-1β、TNF-α表达降低,5-HT、BDNF表达升高有关。     

胰激肽原酶对他克莫司诱导肾损伤的保护作用

目的 观察鱼藤素对幼鼠过敏性哮喘的抑制作用,并探究其作用机制。方法 将50只4周龄SPF 级BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组：正常组、模型组、甲强龙组、鱼藤素高剂量组、鱼藤素低剂量组,每组各10只。除正常组外,其余各组小鼠均通过卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏和激发建立过敏性哮喘模型。造模第21天开始给药,雾化前1 h,鱼藤素高剂量组和鱼藤素低剂量组小鼠分别腹腔注射给予4 mg/kg和2 mg/kg的鱼藤素,甲强龙组小鼠腹腔注射10 mg/kg的甲强龙注射液,正常组和模型组小鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水,每天1次,连续3 d。收集小鼠血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）,ELISA试剂盒检测血浆总IgE和BALF中IL-1β、IL-13水平,并对BALF中炎性细胞分类计数。HE染色观察肺组织病理变化,qRT-PCR检测肺组织IL-1β、IL-13 mRNA水平,Western blot检测肺组织p-NF-κB p65、p-IκBα、p-p38 MAPK、p-ERK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血浆IgE水平和BALF中IL-1β、IL-13含量和mRNA表达水平均显著升高,BALF炎性细胞总数、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数量均高于正常组（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,高剂量和低剂量鱼藤素组小鼠血浆IgE水平和BALF中IL-1β、IL-13含量和mRNA表达降低,BALF炎性细胞总数、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数量均减少（P＜0.05）;鱼藤素高剂量组BALF炎性细胞计数与甲强龙组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。HE染色结果显示,正常组小鼠肺组织基本无炎性细胞浸润;与正常组比较,模型组小鼠肺组织炎性细胞浸润明显,肺泡壁异常增厚;与模型组比较,鱼藤素高、低剂量组小鼠气道血管周围的炎症细胞浸润和肺泡壁水肿增厚情况减轻。Western blot结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组p-NF-κB p65、p-IκBα、p-p38 MAPK、p-ERK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,高剂量和低剂量鱼藤素组p-NF-κB p65、p-IκBα、p-p38 MAPK、p-ERK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达降低（P＜0.05）;鱼藤素高剂量组p-NF-κB p65、p-IκBα、p-p38 MAPK、p-ERK1/2、p-JNK蛋白表达水平与甲强龙组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 鱼藤素对幼鼠过敏性哮喘具有改善作用,其作用机制与抑制NF-κB/MAPK信号通路的活化有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.