布地奈德联合辛伐他汀对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠炎症因子与肺组织病理的影响

目的探讨布地奈德联合辛伐他汀对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠模型炎症因子与肺组织病理的影响，为药物干预方案提供实验依据。方法根据不同的药物干预方案将COPD 大鼠分为模型组（M 组）、布地奈德组（BD 组）、辛伐他汀组（SV 组）及布地奈德联合辛伐他汀组（BD+SV 组），比较不同组别COPD 大鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BLAF）中的白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）、白三烯B4（LTB4）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平及肺组织病理的改变。结果血清炎症因子水平：BD 组IL-6、TNF-α，SV组IL-6，（BD+SV）组IL-6、IL-8 及TNF-α分别较M 组降低（均 p<0.05）；（BD+SV）组IL-8 水平较SV 组下降（p <0.05）。BALF 炎症因子水平：BD 组IL-6、IL-8，SV 组IL-6、TNF-α，（BD+SV）组IL-6、IL-8、LTB4 及TNF-α水平分别较M 组降低（均p<0.05）。（BD+SV）组BALF 中IL-8、LTB4 及TNF-α水平较BD 组降低，IL-8、LTB4水平较SV组下降（均p<0.05）。BD组、SV组、（BD+SV）组肺组织病理半定量评分较M组降低（均p<0.05），病理均显示肺气肿囊腔变小、支气管炎症减轻。结论使用布地奈德联合辛伐他汀可以有效降低COPD 大鼠全身和气道炎症反应，改善肺组织病理。     

芪蛭皱肺颗粒对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型气道炎症的影响

目的 观察芪蛭皱肺颗粒对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中白细胞介素-8（IL-8）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平的影响.方法 采用香烟烟熏加气管内注入脂多糖的复合因素造模法建立COPD大鼠模型,于造模第15天,空白组、模型组给予等体积中剂量颗粒辅料溶液灌胃4周,其他各药物干预组给予芪蛭皱肺颗粒小剂量、中剂量、大剂量和阳性药物（固本咳喘片）溶液灌胃4周,末次用药后取肺组织HE染色,取血清和BALF采用放免法检测IL-8和TNF-α的含量.结果 采用香烟烟熏加气管内注入脂多糖的方法成功复制了COPD大鼠模型,病理观察显示大鼠支气管及肺血管壁炎细胞浸润,分泌物明显增多,肺泡扩张.与空白组比较,模型组血清IL-8与TNF-α含量均升高（P＜0.01或＜0.05）;BALF IL-8与TNF-α含量亦均升高（P＜0.05或＜0.01）;与模型组比较,芪蛭皱肺颗粒各剂量组及固本咳喘片组血清及BALF中IL-8和TNF-α含量均降低（P＜0.05）,以芪蛭皱肺颗粒大剂量组降低更明显（P＜0.01）.结论 芪蛭皱肺颗粒有可能是通过减少炎症因子的生成和释放,从而有效调节肺炎症损伤时IL-8和TNF-α水平的升高,对大鼠模型气道炎症具有一定的干预作用.     

连花清瘟胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺病治疗作用的研究

目的 研究连花清瘟胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease,COPD）大鼠模型气道炎症的影响。方法 香烟熏吸法复制COPD大鼠模型。采用随机平行对照的实验方法,将30只清洁级Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、COPD模型组和连花清瘟胶囊治疗组,每组各10只。肺组织切片行苏木精-伊红染色,测定各组大鼠血清、肺组织匀浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液(Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中白介素8 (IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果 模型组大鼠血清、肺组织匀浆及BALF中IL-8和TNF-α含量较对照组明显升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比较, 连花清瘟胶囊治疗组血清、肺组织及BALF中IL-8和TNF-α含量显著降低(P < 0.01)。结论 连花清瘟胶囊具有抑制COPD气道炎症的作用。     

连花清瘟胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺病治疗作用的研究

 目的 研究连花清瘟胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease，COPD）大鼠模型气道炎症的影响。方法 香烟熏吸法复制COPD大鼠模型。采用随机平行对照的实验方法,将30只清洁级Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、COPD模型组和连花清瘟胶囊治疗组,每组各10只。肺组织切片行苏木精-伊红染色，测定各组大鼠血清、肺组织匀浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液(Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，BALF)中白介素8 (IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果 模型组大鼠血清、肺组织匀浆及BALF中IL-8和TNF-α含量较对照组明显升高(P < 0.01)。与模型组相比较, 连花清瘟胶囊治疗组血清、肺组织及BALF中IL-8和TNF-α含量显著降低(P < 0.01)。结论 连花清瘟胶囊具有抑制COPD气道炎症的作用。     

肝素雾化吸入对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型气道炎症的抑制作用

目的 观察肝素雾化吸入对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠模型气道炎症的抑制作用.方法 采用熏香烟及气管内注入脂多糖(LPS)法复制COPD大鼠模型,收集血液和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞计数及分类,放射免疫法测定血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的浓度.结果 血清IL-6及IL-8含量,血液及BALF中白细胞总数、中性粒细胞(PMN)绝对计数、中性粒细胞百分比浓度较正常对照组增高,较COPD组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 气道局部的IL-6及IL-8与COPD的气道炎症密切相关,IL-6及IL-8通过趋化激活中性粒细胞等炎症细胞共同参与COPD发病.肝素雾化吸入可降低COPD大鼠血清中IL-6及IL-8水平,使炎症细胞减少,对COPD大鼠气道炎症具有抑制作用.     

肿气肿肺气虚证大鼠血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α变化的研究

目的建立肺气肿肺气虚证动物模型,观察肺气肿肺气虚证大鼠血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平变化,探讨其免疫和炎症机制.方法将60只大鼠随机分为模型组与对照组,复制肺气肿肺气虚证模型,分别检测血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α含量.结果模型组IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α均升高,与对照组比较,有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α作为重要炎症因子,促进肺气肿肺气虚证的发生和发展.     

丹参酮ⅡA对COPD模型大鼠肺组织炎症反应的影响及相关机制研究

目的研究丹参酮ⅡA对慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)模型大鼠肺组织病理改变及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-8等炎症因子的影响,并探讨其相关机制。方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分为对照组、模型组、丹参酮ⅡA高、低剂量组,各10只。气管内滴注脂多糖(LPS)联合烟熏法制备大鼠COPD模型。丹参酮ⅡA高、低剂量组大鼠分别腹腔注射2mL/(kg·d)、1mL/(kg·d)丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液。收集大鼠肺组织、血清进行病理学观察及炎性因子测定。结果 COPD模型组大鼠肺组织有明显的以淋巴细胞为主的炎性细胞浸润现象,丹参酮ⅡA高、低剂量组炎症情况明显改善。与对照组比较,模型组血清及肺泡灌洗液炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8释放显著增加(P0.01)。丹参酮ⅡA低剂量组[血清:TNF-α:(197.89±6.56)pg/mL、IL-6:(141.05±8.85)pg/mL、IL-8:(140.58±8.43)pg/mL;肺泡灌洗液:TNF-α:(100.26±3.33)pg/mL、IL-6:(95.66±5.64)pg/mL]、高剂量组[血清:TNF-α:(166.27±4.74)pg/mL、IL-1β:(37.80±2.01)pg/mL、IL-6:(122.92±9.04)pg/mL、IL-8:(118.84±4.73)pg/mL;肺泡灌洗液:TNF-α:(91.07±2.96)pg/mL、IL-1β:(32.87±2.53)pg/mL、IL-6:(82.35±4.58)pg/mL、IL-8:(87.58±6.37)pg/mL]与模型组[血清:TNF-α:(250.21±12.07)pg/mL、IL-1β:(50.14±3.06)pg/mL、IL-6:(167.58±6.01)pg/mL、IL-8:(168.90±8.63)pg/mL;肺泡灌洗液:TNF-α:(132.45±7.25)pg/mL、IL-1β:(41.18±2.89)pg/mL、IL-6:(121.91±6.51)pg/mL、IL-8:(116.03±9.33)pg/mL]相比炎症因子释放显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),且呈剂量依赖性。与模型组相比,丹参酮ⅡA高、低剂量组磷酸化核因子k B p65(NF-k B p-p65)表达水平明显降低(P0.05)。结论丹参酮ⅡA能减少COPD模型大鼠肺组织炎症反应,抑制炎症因子释放,且该作用可能与其抑制炎症反应的中心通路NF-k B的激活相关。     

芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病痰瘀阻肺证大鼠肺部炎症和肺功能的影响

目的 观察芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)痰瘀阻肺证模型大鼠肺部炎症和肺功能的影响。方法 将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、脾氨肽组、芪白平肺胶囊组。采用强迫游泳、被动吸烟和低氧环境复合方法复制COPD模型。观察大鼠一般状态;检测支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF）中细胞总数和炎症细胞比例;光学显微镜下观察肺组织形态变化;ELISA法检测大鼠血清白细胞介素（interleukin, IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-8及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平;检测各组大鼠第0.3秒用力呼气容积（forced expiratory volume in 0.3 seconds, FEV0.3）、用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）、FEV0.3占FVC比值（FEV0.3/FVC）。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠一般情况较差,肺功能明显降低,肺组织可见大量炎症细胞浸润,肺泡间隔明显增厚,支气管壁可见明显黏液腺增生,管腔变窄;BALF中细胞总数、单核-巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞比例均明显升高（P<0.05）;血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,芪白平肺胶囊组及脾氨肽组大鼠肺组织病理变化明显改善;BALF中细胞总数和单核-巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞比例及血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平明显降低（P<0.05）;FEV0.3、FVC、FEV0.3/FVC均明显升高（P＜0.05）。其中芪白平肺胶囊组上述指标的改善程度明显大于脾氨肽组。结论 芪白平肺胶囊可明显改善COPD痰瘀阻肺证大鼠肺部炎症,改善大鼠肺功能,其机制可能与下调血清相关炎症指标及肺部炎症细胞浸润有关。     

9肺内输入骨髓间充质干细胞对肺气肿大鼠慢性炎症的调控

目的探讨移植骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）对肺气肿大鼠慢性炎症的调控作用。方法烟熏法复制大鼠肺气肿模型。携带绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的慢病毒转染MSC,烟熏大鼠肺内输入转染的MSC（n=4）,小动物活体成像系统观察MSC的分布。36只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、肺气肿组及MSC干预组,评估支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞总数和分类计数,双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测BALF、血清中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）水平,比色法检测肺组织丙二醛（MDA）含量,测量平均内衬间隔（MLI）评估肺气肿改变。结果肺内输入MSC 4周后,不同肺叶仍可见存活的MSC。与肺气肿组相比,MSC干预组BALF中细胞总数、血清和BALF中TNF-α及IL-1β水平、肺组织中MDA含量和MLI均明显减低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 MSC降低肺气肿大鼠气道及全身炎症介质TNF-α和IL-1β的表达,减轻气道炎症和氧化应激水平,对肺气肿有明显的治疗作用。     

COPD患者血细胞因子水平与肺功能的相关性分析

目的探讨白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）发病机制中的作用以及与肺功能的相关性。方法 COPD加重期患者110例为研究对象。60例健康查体者作为对照组。患者入院当天检测血细胞因子水平及肺功能等指标,根据分级标准分为Ⅰ级组、Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组;COPD患者达到缓解期后再复查细胞因子水平及肺功能指标。结果①IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平在加重期明显高于缓解期,IL-2、IL-10明显低于缓解期,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;缓解期,IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平下降,但仍高于对照组;IL-2、IL-10上升,仍低于对照组;只有IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。②随着严重度分级级别的升高,血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平呈进行性上升,IL-10、IL-2水平呈进行性下降。③加重期,IL-2、IL-10分别与FEV 1%pre均呈正相关（P〈0.01）;IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α分别与FEV 1%pre均呈负相关（P〈0.01）。缓解期,IL-8、TNF-α与FEV 1%pre仍呈负相关（P〈0.01）;IL-10与FEV 1%pre仍呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论①细胞因子参与COPD气道炎症过程,在一定程度上反应气道炎症的严重程度;②细胞因子与肺功能之间均存在相关性,说明它们参与了COPD气道阻塞的进程,反映了肺功能下降的严重程度;③细胞因子可能作为监测病情、观察疗效、判断预后的重要指标之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.