低频脉冲磁场对兔膝关节软骨缺损修复作用的实验研究

目的研究低频脉冲磁场在间充质干细胞和双层PLGA支架构建复合体修复兔骨软骨缺损过程的作用。方法用密度梯度离心法和贴壁培养法获得5月龄兔骨髓来源间充质干细胞,在体外培养并进行分化诱导后作为种子细胞复合双层PLGA构建成复合体植入兔膝股骨髁间设计骨软骨缺损模型,全过程施加低频脉冲磁场干预,于第24周取材,进行大体观察、组织学检查和病理评分。结果诱导MSCs+支架+2.0A.m-1脉冲电磁场刺激组在术后又继续进行脉冲电磁场照射后,兔膝关节骨软骨创伤修复明显加快,统计学分析各组单项评价指标得分差异有显著性(p<0.05),与自体骨软骨移植组相当。结论在适当低频脉冲磁场作用下,诱导MSCs+双层PLGA支架能较好地修复兔膝关节骨软骨创伤。     

骨形态发生蛋白质-4转染骨髓间充质干细胞复合双层聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物支架修复兔膝关节软骨缺损

目的:探讨骨形态发生蛋白质-4(BMP-4)基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)复合聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)修复兔全层关节软骨缺损的效果。方法:取兔骨髓间充质干细胞,分离培养后,免疫组织化学鉴定BMSCs。采用电转法将pcDNA 3.1-BMP-4质粒导入BMSCs。转染成功后培养备用。制备直径为4 mm的双层PLGA支架。新西兰大白兔随机分成空白组、PLGA组、PLGA/BMSCs组、PLGA/BMP-4/BMSCs组4组,将双层PLGA支架置入兔双膝关节股骨内侧髁软骨缺损中。观察并记录术后动物膝关节活动情况。第8、16周时取膝关节置入组织行H-E染色,在扫描电镜下观察置入的PLO认新生组织。采用RT-PCR法定量检测4组修复软骨缺损处新生的软骨Ⅱ型胶原、SOX-9、蛋白聚糖基因的表达水平。结果:术后各组动物膝关节活动正常,未见炎症反应。第8、16周时PLGA/BMP--4/BMSCs组兔膝关节损伤修复优于其他3组。H-E染色结果可见PLGA/BMP-4/BMSCs组膝关节损伤修复效果优于其他3组。RT-PCR结果显示PLGA/BMP-4/BMSCs组兔置入的PLGA新生的软骨中Ⅱ型胶原、SOX--9、蛋白聚糖基因的表达水平显著高于其他各组。结论:BMP--4转染BMSCs后能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞分化成软骨细胞,双层PLGA支架置入有利于兔膝关节软骨缺损区的修复。     

动物源性骨软骨支架复合骨髓间充质干细胞/软骨细胞修复兔膝关节骨软骨复合缺损

背景:以往支架材料修复骨软骨的实验大都存在骨软骨耦合界面修复不良的情况.目的:观察骨髓间充质干细胞/软骨细胞复合动物源性骨软骨支架修复兔膝关节骨软骨复合缺损的可行性.方法:将新西兰大白兔随机抽签分为实验组、对照组、空白组,制作单侧膝关节骨软骨复合缺损后,实验组于骨缺损处植入自体骨髓间充质干细胞/诱导分化的软骨细胞与同种...     

骨髓间充质干细胞与壳聚糖复合修复关节软骨损伤

背景：创伤等导致的关节软骨缺损是国内外骨科界面临的难题,组织工程学技术为软骨缺损的修复提供了新方法。 目的：探讨壳聚糖-骨髓间充质干细胞复合材料修复兔膝关节软骨缺损的可行性。 方法：将培养的兔骨髓间充质干细胞种植到壳聚糖支架上体外构建壳聚糖-骨髓间充质干细胞复合材料,移植到兔关节软骨缺损处为实验组,不予以特殊处理为对照组。术后6,12周,大体观察以及甲苯胺蓝染色评定两组软骨组织修复情况。 结果与结论：术后6周,对照组仅有纤维组织增生,实验组关节软骨缺损处有软骨样组织生成。术后12周,对照组软骨缺损边缘可观察到少量类透明软骨组织,实验组缺损区完全覆盖有光滑、透明软骨组织。术后12 周,对照组甲苯胺蓝染色较淡,有少量软骨组织生成,实验组甲苯胺蓝染色较明显,缺损完全被透明软骨组织所覆盖,软骨细胞较多。结果表明兔骨髓间充质干细胞-壳聚糖支架复合材料能更好的引导软骨组织的生成,促进软骨缺损修复。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

自体脂肪间充质干细胞复合人脐带Wharton胶支架修复兔膝关节软骨缺损****◇

背景：脐带Wharton胶富含透明质酸,糖胺多糖及胶原等,成分与天然软骨细胞外基质类似,因此由人脐带提取的Wharton胶很可能是一种较为理想的软骨组织工程支架材料。 目的：评价自体脂肪间充质干细胞复合人脐带Wharton胶支架修复兔膝关节软骨缺损的效果。 方法：将终浓度为1010 L -1、成软骨方向诱导后的兔自体脂肪间充质干细胞与人脐带Wharton胶支架复合,继续培养1周构建组织工程软骨,对兔膝关节全层软骨缺损进行修复(实验组),并与单纯支架修复的对照组及空白组进行比较。术后3个月对修复组织行大体观察、组织学检测、糖胺多糖、总胶原定量检测及生物力学测定。 结果与结论：实验组的缺损多为透明软骨修复,对照组以纤维组织修复为主,空白组无明显组织修复。提示脂肪间充质干细胞作为软骨组织工程种子细胞具有可行性;实验构建的组织工程软骨能有效的修复关节软骨缺损,人脐带Wharton胶可作为软骨组织工程良好的支架材料。     

壳聚糖-胶原凝胶复合骨髓间充质干细胞修复兔关节软骨缺损的组织学变化

背景:大块软骨损伤目前临床上尚无方法治疗,干细胞技术出现后为解决这一难题提供了理论支持。采用新型的支架材料"壳聚糖-胶原蛋白"结合干细胞诱导分化移植给动物模型是一种较新的尝试。目的:观察壳聚糖-胶原凝胶复合骨髓间充质干细胞修复兔关节软骨缺损的组织学变化。方法:体外培养扩增兔骨髓间充质干细胞。采用软骨诱导分化培养基对P2代细胞进行成软骨诱导。同时制备"壳聚糖-胶原蛋白"支架和兔关节软骨缺损模型。缺损用含有骨髓间充质干细胞的壳聚糖-胶原凝胶填充,另一条关节用没有细胞的支架或不做处理。其中12个关节作为实验组(接受骨髓间充质干细胞+支架),8个关节作为空白对照组(不做处理),8个关节作为单纯支架组(未植入细胞)。造模后于2,4,8,16周进行组织学评分并处死动物行组织学染色。结果与结论:造模后16周移植的细胞一致分化为软骨细胞,大部分软骨缺损区被新生软骨修复,组织学评分实验组关节修复良好。提示应用骨髓间充质干细胞结合"壳聚糖-胶原蛋白"复合物可以修复关节软骨缺损。     

独活寄生汤结合骨髓基质干细胞复合体修复兔膝关节软骨缺损

背景:实验表明,骨髓基质干细胞复合脱细胞真皮基质能修复家兔膝关节软骨缺损,中药独活寄生汤能促进软骨的修复,且提高修复质量。目的:进一步验证独活寄生汤对骨髓基质干细胞复合体修复兔关节软骨缺损的影响,评价修复效果。方法:取兔骨髓基质干细胞进行体外增殖后,复合于改建后的脱细胞真皮基质载体上,植入到兔膝关节软骨缺损,并以中药独活寄生汤灌胃为独活寄生汤+干细胞组,并设立独活寄生汤组、单纯复合体组、空白组为对照组。于4,8,12周后分别对修复组织进行形态学观察及组织学检查。结果与结论:术后12周,独活寄生汤+干细胞组的缺损由透明软骨样组织充填,软骨及软骨下骨组织基本修复,修复的软骨组织在组织形态学上优于其他各组。结果证实,骨髓基质干细胞复合体能修复家兔膝关节软骨缺损,中药独活寄生汤能促进软骨的修复,且提高修复质量。     

骨髓间充质干细胞复合多肽凝胶及成软骨生成因子修复兔关节软骨缺损

背景：多肽水凝胶因为其具有良好的可塑型性,能够与损伤部位很好的无缝隙结合,所以采用该材料作为支架是骨、软骨组织工程中一种可行的探索。 目的：骨髓间充质干细胞联合新型可注射多肽凝胶及成软骨生成因子修复兔关节软骨缺损,观察其修复效果。 方法：首先分离培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞,兔左侧膝关节处制备直径5 mm,深3 mm的全层骨-软骨缺损模型;右侧造模后空置作为对照。实验分为3组,单纯自组装多肽凝胶移植组,自组装多肽凝胶+成软骨因子组和自组装多肽凝胶+成软骨因子+骨髓间充质干细胞组。采用的成软骨因子包括转化生长因子β1,地塞米松和胰岛素样生长因子1,三者混合后加入到自组装多肽凝胶或骨髓间充质干细胞中。于处理后12周时处死动物行大体及组织学观察、X射线摄片、免疫组织化学法进行组织学评分评估修复情况。 结果与结论：单纯自组装多肽凝胶移植在12周后显示出非常好的修复效果,可见番红O染色,Ⅱ型胶原蛋白免疫组织化学染色强度以及组织学评分明显高于其他组(P < 0.05)。自组装多肽凝胶+成软骨因子组修复效果较好,与自组装多肽凝胶组相似,但其修复区域蛋白聚糖表达比对照组明显升高(P < 0.01)。自组装多肽凝胶+成软骨因子+骨髓间充质干细胞组修复效果不佳,12周未能完全修复缺损区域,与单纯自组装多肽凝胶组比较骨赘的形成有所增加。结果表明,单纯自组装多肽凝胶能够在原位修复骨软骨缺损并促进软骨修复,提示以自组装多肽凝胶支架移植有望提高目前修复软骨缺损的效果。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

多孔丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石复合脂肪间充质干细胞修复兔关节软骨及软骨下骨缺损

背景：丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石是细胞立体培养的良好支架,是临床常用的骨缺损修复材料,具有良好的生物相容性。脂肪干细胞具有向骨及软骨细胞分化的潜能,适合骨软骨缺损修复。 目的：观察转化生长因子β1和胰岛素样生长因子1联合成软骨诱导脂肪干细胞与丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石复合后修复兔关节软骨及软骨下骨缺损的效果。 方法：取新西兰大白兔56只,2只用于传代培养脂肪间充质干细胞,以3×109 L-1浓度接种到丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石。其余54只新西兰大白兔,在股骨髁间制备软骨缺损模型,随机分为细胞复合材料组、单纯材料组和空白对照组,细胞复合材料组植入复合脂肪间充质干细胞的丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石;单纯材料组植入丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石;空白对照组不作任何植入。从大体、影像学、组织学观察比较缺损的修复情况。 结果与结论：12周时大体观察、CT、磁共振和组织学检查细胞材料复合组软骨及软骨下骨缺损区完全被软骨组织修复,修复组织与周围软骨色泽相近,支架材料基本吸收,未见明显退变和白细胞浸润,所有标本均未见丝素蛋白残留。单纯材料组缺损区缩小、部分修复,且呈纤维软骨样修复。空白对照组缺损无明显修复。提示复合脂肪间充质干细胞的丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石修复兔关节软骨及软骨下骨缺损能力优于单纯丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石材料。丝素蛋白/羟基磷灰石复合脂肪间充质干细胞可形成透明软骨修复动物膝关节全层软骨缺损,重建关节的解剖结构和功能,可作为新型骨软骨组织工程支架。     

软骨组织工程中种子细胞的应用

<正>1骨髓间充质干细胞向纤维软骨细胞表型的诱导分化2自体骨膜复合骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复兔关节软骨缺损3兔脂肪干细胞体外构建组织工程软骨:负载胰岛素样生长因子1基因的作用     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964