自身造血干细胞移植治疗儿童晚期神经母细胞瘤临床报道

目的 　神经母细胞瘤是儿童常见的恶性肿瘤 ,即使通过化疗、放疗及手术等综合治疗 ,晚期患儿仍生存率极低。为提高治愈率 ,本中心对 1 1例晚期患儿进行了自身造血干细胞移植术。方法 　本组平均年龄 3 8岁 ( 2～ 6岁 ) ,平均体重 1 5 3kg( 1 1 6kg～ 2 0kg)。 2例为原发于胸腔的Ⅲ期患者 ,9例均为原发于腹腔伴有广泛骨髓转移的IV期患儿。虽然大剂量化疗及积极的手术治疗 ,4例患儿移植时原发肿瘤仍未完全清除 ,属带瘤移植。因对其中 2例未缓解患儿进行了两次移植 ,1 1例患儿共进行了 1 3例次移植。 3例次直接采集骨髓 ,另 1 0例次采用外周血造干细胞进行移植。为减少移植后复发 ,4例患儿采集物经CliniMACS进行了CD+3 4细胞分选的净化处理。所有患儿均采用VP1 6 +卡铂 +马法兰的预处理方案。结果　采集骨髓及外周血得到的单个核细胞分别为 ( 5 7± 0 9)× 1 0 8/kg和 ( 5 7± 1 0 )× 1 0 8/kg ,两者之间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5) ,所有患儿移植后都获造血重建 ,中性粒细胞恢复至 0 5× 1 0 9/L的平均时间为 1 0 5± 5 7天 ,非输血依赖的血小板大于 2 0× 1 0 9/L的时间为 1 6 8±9 4天 ,血小板大于 50× 1 0 9/L的时间为 33 1± 2 0 1天 ,移植过程中平均输注红细胞2 2± 2 0单位 ( 0～ 8单位 )?     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗小儿晚期神经母细胞瘤

神经母细胞瘤(NB)是小儿常见的恶性实体肿瘤,占小儿恶性肿瘤的8%~10%。晚期NB因诊断时多伴有转移,故恶性度极高,预后很差。大剂量化疗联合APBSCT是治疗小儿晚期实体肿瘤的重要方法,能改善患者的长期生存,但复发率仍高。本文就其治疗小儿高危NB的临床进展包括移植前预处理、移植物分选净化处理、多次移植的可行性及移植相关进展综述如下。1移植前预处理方案1.1单次移植的预处理方案:预处理的目的在于进一步消灭体内残余的肿瘤细胞,摧毁宿主的免疫系统,有利于造血干细胞的植入。各种预处理方案均有一定的毒副作用,尤其是含全身放疗(total…     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗Ⅳ期儿童神经母细胞瘤

目的儿童Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤生存期短,且目前尚无有效治疗措施。该文通过异基因造血干细胞移植治疗Ⅳ期儿童神经母细胞瘤来评价其安全性及疗效。方法对1例7岁Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤患儿进行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗,供者为患儿母亲,HLA配型半相合,采用氟达拉滨,马法兰为预处理方案,G-CSF动员的外周血和骨髓联合移植。结果植入成功,移植后+10 d中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L,+11 d血小板>20×109/L。移植后+8 d出现Ⅱ度肠道急性移植物抗宿主反应,治疗后缓解。随访210 d健康生存。结论对IV期儿童神经母细胞瘤患者,以父母为供体的半相合移植是一种可选择的、安全的、有效的挽救性治疗措施之一。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗IV期儿童神经母细胞瘤

目的：儿童IV期神经母细胞瘤生存期短,且目前尚无有效治疗措施。 该文通过异基因造血干细胞移植治疗IV期儿童神经母细胞瘤来评价其安全性及疗效。方法：对1例7岁IV期神经母细胞瘤患儿进行异基因造血干细胞移植治疗,供者为患儿母亲,HLA配型半相合,采用氟达拉滨,马法兰为预处理方案,G-CSF动员的外周血和骨髓联合移植。结果植入成功,移植后＋10 d中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L,＋11 d血小板>20×109/L。移植后+8 d出现II度肠道急性移植物抗宿主反应,治疗后缓解。随访210 d健康生存。结论： 对IV期儿童神经母细胞瘤患者,以父母为供体的半相合移植是一种可选择的、安全的、有效的挽救性治疗措施之一。     

自体外周血造血干细胞移植在儿童神经母细胞瘤中的应用

神经母细胞瘤（Nueroblastoma,NB）是儿童最常见的外周神经来源的恶性肿瘤,约占儿童恶性肿瘤的7％～10％。根据INSS分期标准NB临床分期分为1～4期以及特殊4s期,4期恶性程度最高、预后最差。MauricioA等怛J2006年报道153例Ⅳ期NB长期生存率仅为34％。目前骨髓移植或自体外周血干细胞移植（autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation,APBSCT）对于治疗儿童Ⅳ期NB具有一定的临床疗效。APBSCT是经大剂量放化疗预处理,清除受体体内的肿瘤细胞及异常克隆细胞,阻断发病机制,然后移植人自体造血干细胞,使其重建正常造血免疫,而达到治疗目的的一种治疗手段。     

强烈化疗和自体外周血造血干细胞移植及维甲酸治疗晚期神经母细胞瘤

目的 探讨强烈化疗、自体造血干细胞移植及维甲酸对晚期神经母细胞瘤的治疗效果方法 研究Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤患儿6例,年龄4～8岁,发病时间1个月～1年;原发部位腹部5例、胸部1例,均有骨髓转移,1例有多发性骨转移及球后病变。成立多学科参与的治疗小组,采用术前化疗、手术切除、强烈化疗、局部放疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及维甲酸生物治疗等。结果 经综合治疗造血干细胞移植前6例均达到完全缓解,骨髓中肿瘤细胞消失,骨转移及球后病变被控制。化疗中骨髓抑制明显,血象恢复较慢,达3～4周。感染明显,三分之一疗程后发热,用头孢他定(商品名复达欣)、亚胺培南(商品名泰能)等感染被控制。造血干细胞移植过程顺利。术后随诊4～18个月疾病处于完全缓解状态,心、肝、肾器官功能正常,骨髓恢复正常或在恢复中。结论 强烈化疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及维甲酸是治疗Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤的有效方法。     

自身造血干细胞移植治疗儿童晚期恶性实体肿瘤

目的　评价自身干细胞移植治疗儿童晚期恶性实体肿瘤的安全性及疗效。方法13例次患儿直接采集骨髓 ,另 15例患儿经粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G CSF)动员后从外周血获取单个核细胞 ,对 1例疑有肿瘤细胞浸润的采集物经CliniMACS进行了CD 3 4 细胞分选的净化处理。除 2例霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿经CBV方案 (CTX BCNU VP16 ) (环磷酰氨、卡氮芥及依托泊甙 )治疗外 ,其余患儿均采用VP16 卡铂 马法兰的预处理方案。结果　采集骨髓及外周血得到的单个核细胞分别为 ( 5 4± 2 1)× 10 8/kg和 ( 4 1± 1 9)× 10 8/kg。所有患儿移植后均获得造血重建 ,中性粒细胞恢复至 0 5×10 9/L的时间为 ( 11 8± 5 7)d ,血小板大于 2 0× 10 9/L的时间为 ( 2 1 0± 9 3)d。移植过程中 3例患儿分别合并表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌败血症 ,无一例因移植相关并发症而死亡。但 1例出现急性肾功能不全、肺水肿、心包积液并发展为呼吸窘迫综合征 ,经机械通气、应用肺表面活性物质等积极治疗后康复 ;另 1例出现BCNU相关的肺损伤 ,导致严重的肺动脉高压、嗜酸性细胞增多 ,经皮质激素等治疗后逐渐好转。本组平均随访 13个月 ,2 7例患儿中 5例移植后 5个月内因疾病复发而死亡 ;1例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿移植后 3个月中枢神经系统复     

自体造血干细胞移植治疗Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤疗效分析

目的对以CEM(卡铂+依托泊苷+马法兰)为预处理方案的自体外周血造血干细胞移植术治疗20例Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤患儿的疗效及不良反应进行评价。方法 2007年5月-2009年11月我科收治的Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤患儿20例,中位年龄4.3岁(1.8～8.7岁),中位体重15.5 kg(9～22.5 kg);原发灶4例为纵隔,16例为肾上腺。14例患儿存在骨髓转移。5例经强化疗、手术减积治疗后仍存在残留病灶,为带瘤移植。预处理方案为CEM方案。结果移植后中位随访时间为17.35个月(2～36个月),1例失访,带瘤移植组(n=5)中3例死亡,1例颅内复发放疗后仍存活,1例无疾病进展存活。移植前完全缓解组(n=15)随访14例,4例死亡,8例无疾病进展存活,2例复发仍存活。回输的CD34+细胞中位数为5.346(1.54～10.3)×106/kg,全部患儿移植后均获得造血重建,在骨髓空巢期均出现发热,4例出现败血症,致病菌分别为少酸链球菌、近平滑念珠菌、大肠埃希菌、表皮葡萄球菌感染,经抗感染治疗后痊愈。髓外毒性包括:18例Ⅱ度肝功能损害,16例Ⅰ度口腔黏膜炎,13例Ⅰ度腹泻,5例Ⅱ度腹泻,2例Ⅰ度心脏不良反应。无移植相关性死亡。结论自体外周血造血干细胞移植术对移植前达到完全缓解的Ⅳ期神经母细胞瘤患儿有较好疗效,对部分缓解期患儿可提高缓解率,不良反应可逆,耐受性可。     

大剂量化疗造血干细胞移植治疗IV期神经母细胞瘤的长期疗效研究

目的目前IV期神经母细胞瘤患儿无论采用何种方法治疗均疗效差,长期生存率低,需要探索新的治疗途径。该文采用大剂量化疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及13-顺式维甲酸治疗等方法,试图提高IV期神经母细胞瘤的长期疗效。方法选择IV期神经母细胞瘤患儿28例,年龄2.1~11.5岁,平均3.3±1.9岁,发病时间1~7个月,平均3.1±0.7个月。原发部位:肾上腺23例,胸部3例,胸腹联合1例,骶骨1例。强烈化疗6疗程,期间进行外周血造血干细胞采集、手术切除,然后进行自体外周血造血干细胞移植,术后行局部放疗及13-顺式维甲酸治疗,定期随访。结果28例患儿诱导化疗结束时13例取得完全缓解,11例取得部分缓解,4例化疗中病情进展。完全缓解及部分缓解的24例患儿完成治疗进入本研究。随访3.5±0.7年,两组4年无病生存率29.2%。完全缓解组中位无复发生存时间4.1±0.7年;部分缓解组中位无复发生存时间2.8±0.5年,两组中位无复发生存时间差异有显著性(t=3.9,P<0.01)。结论大剂量化疗、自体外周血造血干细胞移植及13-顺式维甲酸治疗IV期神经母细胞瘤可取得较好疗效,4年无病生存率29.2%,移植前达到完全缓解时可取得更好疗效     

Effectiveness of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma in children: a single-center clinical study北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 29 children with high-risk NB who were admitted to Shanghai Children's Hospital and were treated with high-dose chemotherapy combined with ASCT from January 2013 to December 2021, and their clinical features and prognosis were analyzed. Results Among the 29 children treated by high-dose chemotherapy combined with ASCT, there were 18 boys (62%) and 11 girls (38%), with a median age of onset of 36 (27, 59) months. According to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System, 6 children (21%) had stage III NB and 23 children (79%) had stage IV NB, and the common metastatic sites at initial diagnosis were bone in 22 children (76%), bone marrow in 21 children (72%), and intracalvarium in 4 children (14%). All 29 children achieved reconstruction of hematopoietic function after ASCT. After being followed up for a median time of 25 (17, 45) months, 21 children (72%) had continuous complete remission and 8 (28%) experienced recurrence. The 3-year overall survival rate and event-free survival rate were 68.9% ±16.1% and 61.4%±14.4%, respectively. Presence of bone marrow metastasis, neuron-specific enolase ≥370 ng/mL and positive bone marrow immunophenotyping might reduce the 3-year event-free survival rate (P<0.05). Conclusions Children with high-risk NB who have bone marrow metastasis at initial diagnosis tend to have a poor prognosis. ASCT combined with high-dose chemotherapy can effectively improve the prognosis of children with NB with a favorable safety profile. © 2023 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

Manifestation of toxocariasis in children with neuroblastoma treated with autologous hematopoietic transplants

Toxocariasis was diagnosed in 3 out of 22 children (14%) treated in our center with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The patients were coming from rural areas in the southeastern Poland and did not present any clinical symptoms of toxocariasis upon admission to the hospital. Although no neurological and ophtalmological abnormalities were noticed, the atypical form of toxacariasis was diagnosed based on elevated eosinophils counts, positive serological tests, and biochemical symptoms of liver damage. The authors conclude that toxocariasis should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia in children undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and HSCT, especially if they are coming from rural areas.     

伴有染色体1p36缺失的高危神经母细胞瘤自体造血干细胞移植巩固治疗的近期疗效分析

目的总结和分析伴有染色体1p36缺失的高危神经母细胞瘤(HR-NB)的临床特征,分析这些患儿经过自体造血干细胞移植巩固治疗后的近期疗效,为进一步提高HR-NB生存率提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2014年4月-2016年4月,北京儿童医院血液肿瘤中心收治的HR-NB患儿的临床资料。HR-NB诊断标准、临床分期、治疗方案和疗效标准均根据北京儿童医院HR-NB方案(BCH-HR-NB-2007),入组患儿为同时伴有染色体1 p36缺失,且均经过系统治疗和随访的HR-NB。随访至2016年12月31日。结果入组患儿共11例(男4例,女7例),平均年龄43个月,临床分期均为INSS-Ⅳ。肿瘤原发于后纵隔3例,腹膜后或肾上腺8例。骨髓转移11例,骨骼转移10例,均为多发骨转移,远处淋巴结转移6例,肝脏等内脏转移5例,中枢转移2例。伴有N-myc基因扩增4例。全部患儿术前化疗4~5个疗程,回输干细胞计数为(2.62~10.68)×10~6/kg,中位随访时间14.9(9~32)个月。4例患儿复发或进展,其中1例停维甲酸3个月后骨髓复发,放弃治疗后死亡;另3例分别于干细胞回输后第3、5和6个月,维持治疗中肿瘤进展,2例放弃后死亡,1例仍在治疗中。余7例患儿处于肿瘤稳定状态。结论伴有染色体1 p36缺失的HR-NB患儿,骨髓和骨骼转移率极高,约1/3同时伴有N-myc基因扩增。自体造血干细胞移植巩固治疗后3~6个月内,仍然容易出现肿瘤进展。提示肿瘤恶性程度高,很容易进展或复发,在干细胞移植巩固治疗后维持治疗期间仍需要增加全身治疗的强度。     

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous blood stem cell transplantation in children with metastatic neuroblastoma

High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) was performed to improve the prognosis of children with metastatic neuroblastoma over 1 year of age at diagnosis. Seven stage IV neuroblastoma patients with a median age of 3.9 years (range 1.6–11.4 years) received conventional chemotherapy before leukapheresis for ABSCT. The median duration of chemotherapy before harvest was 8 months (range 3–23 months). Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were harvested from them after the use of cytotoxic drugs plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The median number of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units collected after harvest was 23.2 × 10⁴/kg (range 10.1–45.3 × 10⁴/kg). The patients were administered HDC consisting of carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan followed by ABSCT. Hematopoietic reconstitution after ABSCT was favorable; recovery of granulocytes count > 0.5 × 10⁹/L occurred within 2 weeks and stable platelet engraftment occurred at a median duration of 23 days (range 7–33 days). The toxicity of ABSCT was well tolerable. Two of the four patients who received ABSCT at their first complete remission remained in remission 67 and 68 months after ABSCT. One with partial remission also showed a good response for 8 months. The other two at first relapse showed a transient regression of the tumor. The prognosis of seven patients who received ABSCT was significantly better than that of 13 patients who received conventional therapy alone. These findings suggest that HDC followed by ABSCT is safe and useful as consolidation therapy for the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroblastoma.     

CEM方案预处理结合自体外周血干细胞移植治疗晚期神经母细胞瘤5例观察

目的　常规化疗对小儿晚期神经母细胞瘤效果欠佳 ,本文探讨CEM方案 (卡铂 依托泊苷 马法兰 )做预处理结合自体外周血干细胞移植治疗晚期神经母细胞瘤的疗效及毒副反应。方法　 5例神经母细胞瘤患儿 ,Ⅲ期 2例 ,Ⅳ期 3例。肿瘤转移部位为骨 3例 ,骨髓 3例 ,肺转移 1例 ,肝转移 1例。移植时完全缓解 (CR) 4例 ,部分缓解 (PR) 1例。用化疗加重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子 (rhG CSF)动员。所采集单个核细胞 (MNC)为 (5 7～ 8 5 6 )× 10 8/kg。CD34 细胞为 (2 4 2～ 38 2 4 )× 10 6/kg。以CEM(马法兰 卡铂 依托泊苷 )作为预处理方案 ,未用TBI。结果　 5例患儿成功地完成了动员、采集和回输 ,渡过了危险的骨髓抑制期。无严重毒副反应 ,无移植相关死亡。 1例患儿移植术后 11个月颅内转移外 ,余 4例患儿均存活 ,并能正常生活和学习。随诊时间分别为 8、10、36及 72个月。结论　CEM方案做预处理结合自体外周血干细胞移植治疗高危晚期神经母细胞瘤毒性小、复发率低 ,可明显改善其生存状况     

Selective T cell‐depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma

Relapsed/refractory NB carries a bleak outcome, warranting novel treatment options. HaploHSCT induces a graft‐versus‐NB effect via natural killer cell alloreactivity. Review of patients with relapsed/refractory NB who underwent haploHSCT with ex vivo T‐cell depletion in our unit from 2013 through 2018. Ten patients were identified (male=5; median age at haploHSCT=6.45 y, range: 3.49‐11.02 y). Indications were relapsed in 7 and refractoriness in 3; disease status at haploHSCT was CR in 2, PR in 6, and PD in 2. All patients received peripheral blood stem cell grafts after ex vivo T‐cell depletion (CD3/CD19‐depletion=1; TCR‐αβ/CD19‐depletion=4; CD3/CD45RA‐depletion=4; and TCR‐αβ/CD45RA‐depletion=1). Conditioning regimens were fludarabine‐based. Neutrophils engrafted on median D + 10 (range: D + 9 to +13), and platelets engrafted (≥20 × 10⁹/L) on median D + 8 (range: D + 5 to D + 14). Early T‐ and NK‐cell recovery were evident. Of the 10 patients, acute rejection developed in 1 (who died of PD despite rescue HSCT), and 1 died of sepsis before engraftment; 8 experienced full donor‐chimerism post‐HSCT. Among the 8, 6 experienced CR, 1 died of PD, and 1 died of pulmonary hypertensive crisis before evaluation. At publication, 4 were in remission (2.8, 7.4, 28.5, and 58.9 months). No significant GvHD occurred. HaploHSCT with selective ex vivo T‐cell depletion may be a safe and useful salvage strategy for relapsed/refractory NB.     

CNS recurrence following CD34+ peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in stage 4 neuroblastoma

We report here central nervous system (CNS) recurrence in neuroblastoma (NBL) after CD34(+) peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Fifteen stage 4 NBL patients underwent CD34(+) transplantation with myeloablative chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin, etoposide, and melphalan. There were three primary site recurrences and five distant metastases including four brain metastases (two isolated CNS recurrences) at 4-7 months after CD34(+) transplantation. Three of four patients died of CNS progressive disease at 2, 8, and 9 months after recurrence and the remaining single patient was lost to follow-up. CNS recurrence in NBL is fatal and requires identification of risk factors and more effective treatment strategies.