瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳对去卵巢大鼠骨密度和骨强度的影响

<正>瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳较普通酸乳能更好提高血清钙的含量[1],本研究探讨长期食用瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳对去卵巢大鼠的骨密度、骨矿物质及骨强度影响。     

瑞士乳杆菌及其发酵产物对小鼠免疫功能的促进作用

目的研究瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)及其发酵产物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法给小鼠灌服乳酸菌样品后,对其免疫功能指标进行测定,主要包括小鼠免疫器官指数(脾脏和胸腺),巨噬细胞吞噬功能,脾淋巴细胞增殖功能,NK细胞活性功能以及血清中IgG的含量。结果瑞士乳杆菌活菌液及其发酵乳清能够显著提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,显著的激活B淋巴细胞活性,同时瑞士乳杆菌发酵乳清还可以显著增加血清中IgG的含量。结论瑞士乳杆菌活菌液及其发酵乳清对特异性细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能以及非特异性免疫功能均有明显的促进作用,能够增强小鼠免疫功能,效果强于其细胞裂解液及普通酸乳。瑞士乳杆菌的免疫活性成分既包括菌体所含细胞壁成分,也包括其代谢产物。     

CPP-ACP对发酵乳杆菌生长、黏附影响的实验研究

[目的]研究酪蛋白磷酸肽钙磷复合体(Casein phosphopeptide-Amorphic Calcium Phosphate,CPP-ACP)对发酵乳杆菌生长、黏附的影响,进一步探讨CPP-ACP的防龋机制。[方法]将发酵乳杆菌接种到BHI培养基,实验组中加入不同浓度(0.5%～5.0%(W/V))的CPP-ACP溶液,厌氧培养48h后,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色分析法测定细菌浓度的吸光度A值(λ=550nm)。采用唾液包被的羟磷灰石(Saliva-coated hydroxyapatite,S-HA)形成实验性膜,用不同浓度(0.5～5.0%(W/V))CPP-ACP处理S-HA,定量观察发酵乳杆菌在S-HA上的黏附情况。[结果]随CPP-ACP浓度的升高,发酵乳杆菌甲臜产物的二甲亚砜溶液的吸光度值降低,即发酵乳杆菌的活菌数减少(P﹤0.01)。发酵乳杆菌对经各实验浓度的CPP-ACP处理后的S-HA黏附能力明显下降,黏附量(cpm)随CPP-ACP浓度的升高而降低,黏附抑制率达100%。[结论]CPP-ACP对发酵乳杆菌的生长以及在S-HA上的黏附具有抑制作用,随CPP-ACP浓度的升高抑制作用增强。     

乳杆菌抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发的研究

为探讨乳杆菌抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发的可能机制 ,在乳杆菌培养液、乳杆菌培养液的上清液和乳杆菌的细胞悬浮液中接种一定量的黄曲霉孢子 ,每隔 4h分别取少量液体在PDA平板上进行霉菌计数 ,直到 30h。 2 8℃培养 72h后计数萌发的霉菌孢子。结果表明 :只有乳杆菌培养液组对黄曲霉孢子萌发有显著的抑制作用 ,说明乳杆菌抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发的可能机制是低pH值 ,乳杆菌的代谢产物与微生物间竞争多因素协同作用的结果。     

非洛地平-美托洛尔复方透皮贴剂的研制及其药效实验研究

目的 制备非洛地平-美托洛尔复方透皮贴剂,研究其在自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)上的降压作用特征.方法 50只3月龄SHR随机分为5组:空白对照组、非洛地平-美托洛尔剂量分别为1mg-10mg·kg-1口服混悬液治疗组及1mg-10mg·kg-1、3mg-30mg·kg-1、9mg-90mg·kg-1的透皮贴剂治疗组.另设同月龄正常血压Wistar大鼠为正常对照组.以无创性尾套法测定单次给药后大鼠血压和心率,初步评价贴剂的降压作用.结果 贴剂应用后2h起效,降压强度在18～24h达峰效应,作用可持续36～72h;对收缩压、舒张压和心率均有显著降低作用(P＜0.05);降压强度和持效时间具有剂量依赖性,效果显著优于两药口服联用(P＜0.05).结论 该贴剂使用方便,降压效果确切,作用平稳,持效时间长,可提高治疗安全性和患者依从性,适用于高血压的长期药物治疗.     

非洛地平-美托洛尔复方透皮贴剂的研制及其药效实验研究

目的制备非洛地平一美托洛尔复方透皮贴剂，研究其在自发性高血压大鼠（spontaneously hypertensive rats，SHR）上的降压作用特征。方法50只3月龄SHR随机分为5组：空白对照组、非洛地平-美托洛尔剂量分别为1mg-10mg·kg^-1口服混悬液治疗组及1mg-10mg·kg^-1、3mg-30mg·kg^-1、9mg-90mg·kg^-1的透皮贴剂治疗组。另设同月龄正常血压Wistar大鼠为正常对照组。以无创性尾套法测定单次给药后大鼠血压和心率，初步评价贴剂的降压作用。结果贴剂应用后2h起效，降压强度在18～24h达峰效应，作用可持续36～72h；对收缩压、舒张压和心率均有显著降低作用（P〈0．05）；降压强度和持效时间具有剂量依赖性，效果显著优于两药口服联用（P〈0．05）。结论该贴剂使用方便，降压效果确切，作用平稳，持效时间长。可提高治疗安全性和患者依从性，适用于高血压的长期药物治疗。     

干酪乳杆菌Zhang对大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究两株干酪乳杆菌对大鼠的抗氧化作用。方法将分离自酸马奶的两株干酪乳杆菌:Zhang及MG1-4以活菌制剂的形式灌服大鼠28 d,测定大鼠肝脏组织匀浆和血清SOD、GSH-Px活力和MDA的含量。结果干酪乳杆菌Zhang可使大鼠肝脏组织匀浆中的SOD活力非常显著提高,使大鼠血清中的GSH-Px活力非常显著提高,使大鼠肝脏组织匀浆中的MDA浓度非常显著降低(P。干酪乳杆菌Zhang的抗氧化能力高于MG1-4的。结论干酪乳杆菌Zhang具有提高大鼠体内的抗氧化作用。     

牛乳酪蛋白酶解物对SHR大鼠血压影响的试验研究

目的:研究牛乳酪蛋白酶解物对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的抗高血压作用。方法:将SHR和Wistar大鼠按照不同试验要求分组,单次灌胃和连续灌胃后,测定血压和组织内的血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)活性。结果:单次灌胃高剂量的酪蛋白酶解物可使SHR的血压在5～7h显著降低,在24h又恢复到起始值,而Wistar大鼠血压无变化。以不同剂量连续4w灌胃SHR,在3～4w时其血压显著降低。SHR中动脉组织的ACE活性显著降低,其它器官组织的ACE活性差异不显著。结论:牛乳酪蛋白酶解物对SHR具有降压作用,其降压效果与剂量之间有相关性。     

营养发酵乳的动物营养效果评价

目的：研究营养型发酵乳的动物营养效果。方法：以饮用营养型发酵乳大鼠作为实验组，以分别饮用普通乳饮料，去离子水大鼠作为对照组，观察大鼠生长发育及食物利用指标。结果：实验组大鼠的生长发育，蛋白质功效比值。维生素B1水平和B2水平，血清总蛋白、球蛋白、血红蛋白水平均明显优于2个对照组。结论：营养型发酵乳在促进生长发育、提高机体蛋白质、维生素B1、B2水平。增强免疫力等方面有一定作用。     

吲达帕胺治疗原发性高血压60例疗效观察及护理

目的观察口服吲达帕胺对原发性高血压(EH)的临床疗效。方法60例原发性高血压患者停服降压药1周,口服吲达帕胺2．5mg,1次／d,疗程4周。用动脉血压仪记录患者的降压效果。结果吲达帕胺治疗高血压用药后血压有明显降低,降压平稳,用药前后心率无明显差异。结论吲达帕胺能有效降低血压,对心率无明显影响。     

Effect of a gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched dairy product on the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats

We investigated the blood-pressure-lowering effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a GABA-enriched fermented milk product (FMG) by low-dose oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive (SHR/Izm) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY/Izm) rats. FMG was a non-fat fermented milk product produced by lactic acid bacteria, and the GABA contained in FMG was made from the protein of the milk during fermentation. A single oral dose of GABA or FMG (5 ml/kg; 0.5 mg GABA/kg) significantly (P<0.05) decreased the blood pressure of SHR/Izm from 4 to 8 h after administration, but did not increase that of WKY/Izm rats. The hypotensive activity of GABA was dose-dependent from 0.05 to 5.00 mg/kg in SHR/Izm. During the chronic administration of experimental diets to SHR/Izm, a significantly slower increase in blood pressure with respect to the control group was observed at 1 or 2 weeks after the start of feeding with the GABA or FMG diet respectively (P<0.05) and this difference was maintained throughout the period of feeding. The time profile of blood-pressure change due to administration of FMG was similar to that of GABA. FMG did not inhibit angiotensin 1-converting enzyme. Furthermore, an FMG peptide-containing fraction from reverse-phase chromatography lacked a hypotensive effect in SHR/Izm rats. The present results suggest that low-dose oral GABA has a hypotensive effect in SHR/Izm and that the hypotensive effect of FMG is due to GABA.     

Changes in arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats caused by long-term intake of milk fermented by Enterococcus faecalis CECT 5728

We have evaluated the changes in arterial blood pressure caused in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by long-term intake of an Enterococcus faecalis CECT 5728-fermented milk with significant angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity. After being weaned, male 3-week-old SHR were randomized into five groups. Until the 20th week of life, rats in each group were given one of the following drinking fluids: tap water (negative control 1), a fermented milk without ACE-inhibitory activity (negative control 2), captopril (100 mg/kg) (positive control), the E. faecalis CECT 5728-fermented milk that had significant ACE-inhibitory activity, or Ca-enriched E. faecalis CECT 5728-fermented milk. Animals in the different groups were then given tap water as drinking fluid from the 20th to 25th week of life. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured weekly in the rats, from the 6th to 25th week of life, by the tail-cuff method. A definite decrease in SBP and DBP could be observed in the rats treated with captopril and also in the rats that received the E. faecalis CECT 5728-fermented milks. The greatest antihypertensive effect was observed when the pharmacological treatment was administered. The effect of the Ca-enriched fermented milk was slightly more accentuated and more constant than the effect of the E. faecalis CECT 5728-fermented milk that had not been enriched in Ca. SBP and DBP increased in the treated SHR when the corresponding antihypertensive treatment was removed. Fermentation of milk with E. faecalis CECT 5728 may therefore be a successful strategy to produce a functional food with antihypertensive activity.     

Effects of long-term administration of hesperidin and glucosyl hesperidin to spontaneously hypertensive rats

Hesperidin (HES) is a flavonoid contained in citrus fruit peel. We investigated the effects of long-term administration of HES and its newly developed water soluble analogue, glucosyl hesperidin (GHES), to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Animals were fed with diets containing HES or GHES (30 mg/d/kg body weight) for 25 wk. While the daily food intake and the body weight of administered rats were not different from those of the non-administered control rats in both SHR and WKY through the experimental period, the blood pressure and heart rate of SHR administered HES or GHES for longer than 15 wk decreased as compared to the control group. The blood pressure and heart rate of WKY were not changed by the long-term administration of HES or GHES. These results suggest that HES and GHES have anti-hypertensive effects on hypertensive animals.     

红曲降血压作用的研究

为观察红曲对高血压模型大鼠收缩压的影响 ,每日经口给予自发高血压大鼠 (SHR)、肾血管型高血压大鼠 (RHR)、DOCA 盐型高血压大鼠 (DHR) 0 0、0 4、0 8、1 2g kgBW红曲 3～ 4周 ,每周测量收缩压(SBP)一次。结果显示 ,红曲能够降低SHR、DOCA -盐型高血压大鼠的血压 (P <0 0 5 ) ,对RHR的降血压作用不明显 ,其中对DOCA 盐型高血压大鼠的降血压作用强于SHR     

Effects of kimchi supplementation on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy with varying sodium content in spontaneously hypertensive rats

We tested the effects of dietary intake of freeze-dried Korean traditional fermented cabbage (generally known as kimchi) with varying amounts of sodium on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), as a control group, received a regular AIN-76 diet, and the SHRs were divided into four groups. The SHR group was fed a regular diet without kimchi supplementation, the SHR-L group was fed the regular diet supplemented with low sodium kimchi containing 1.4% salt by wet weight, which was provided in a freeze-dried form, the SHR-M group was supplemented with medium levels of sodium kimchi containing 2.4% salt, and the SHR-H group was supplemented with high sodium kimchi containing 3.0% salt. Blood pressure was measured over 6 weeks, and cardiac hypertrophy was examined by measuring heart and left ventricle weights and cardiac histology. SHRs showed higher blood pressure compared to that in WKY rats, which was further elevated by consuming high sodium containing kimchi but was not influenced by supplementing with low sodium kimchi. None of the SHR groups showed significant differences in cardiac and left ventricular mass or cardiomyocyte size. Levels of serum biochemical parameters, including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, sodium, and potassium were not different among the groups. Elevations in serum levels of aldosterone in SHR rats decreased in the low sodium kimchi group. These results suggest that consuming low sodium kimchi may not adversely affect blood pressure and cardiac function even under a hypertensive condition.     

High blood pressure-lowering and vasoprotective effects of milk products in experimental hypertension

Milk casein-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory tripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline (Ile-Pro-Pro) and valine-proline-proline (Val-Pro-Pro) have been shown to have antihypertensive effects in human subjects and to attenuate the development of hypertension in experimental models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a fermented milk product containing Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro and plant sterols on already established hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and aortic gene expression. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 195 mmHg were given either active milk (tripeptides and plant sterols), milk or water ad libitum for 6 weeks. SBP was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method. The endothelial function of mesenteric arteries was investigated at the end of the study. Aortas were collected for DNA microarray study (Affymetrix Rat Gene 1.0 ST Array). The main finding was that active milk decreased SBP by 16 mmHg compared with water (178 (SEM 3) v. 195 (SEM 3) mmHg; P < 0.001). Milk also had an antihypertensive effect. Active milk improved mesenteric artery endothelial dysfunction by NO-dependent and endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor-dependent mechanisms. Treatment with active milk caused mild changes in aortic gene expression; twenty-seven genes were up-regulated and eighty-two down-regulated. Using the criteria for fold change (fc) < 0.833 or > 1.2 and P < 0.05, the most affected (down-regulated) signalling pathways were hedgehog, chemokine and leucocyte transendothelial migration pathways. ACE expression was also slightly decreased (fc 0.86; P = 0.047). In conclusion, long-term treatment with fermented milk enriched with tripeptides and plant sterols decreases SBP, improves endothelial dysfunction and affects signalling pathways related to inflammatory responses in SHR.     

Candesartan治疗对SHR大鼠心肌AngⅡ及其受体表达的影响

目的观察Candesartan早期治疗对SHR大鼠心肌纤维化及心肌AT1、AT2表达的影响,探讨其抗心肌纤维化的机制。方法选取4周龄的雄性自发性高血压大鼠SHR（Spontanous Hypertensive Rat,SHR）及与之年龄性别相配的正常大鼠WKY;动物分组：WKY组、SHR组、Candesartan治疗组（SHR—Can组,给药4周后停药,继续喂养至24周）;尾袖法测定大鼠血压,断头取血,称量全心与左心质量,计算心体比与左室质量指数;放免法测定血浆及心肌AⅡ水平;免疫组化法检测心肌组织中AT1、AT2的表达;Western blotting法测定心肌AT1、AT2的表达水平;天狼星红染色测定心肌胶原指数。结果8周龄后,与SHR组相比,SHR—Can组血压明显下降并持续24周（P〈0．05）;HR-Can组心体比及左室质量指数明显低于SHR组（P〈0．05）;SHR组血浆中AⅡ水平与WKY组相比明显增高（P〈0．01）,SHR—Can组与SHR组相比降低（P〈0．05）;心肌组织AⅡ含量SHR—Can组明显低于SHR组（P〈0．05）。心肌免疫组化染色示：与WKY相比,SHR大鼠AT1、AT2明显增高（P〈0．05）;与SHR相比,SHR-Can组心肌中AT1、AT2明显减少（P〈0．05）。Western blotting结果示：SHR组AT1、AT2表达水平明显高于WKY组（P〈0．05）;SHR—Can组AT1、AT2表达水平明显降低（P〈0．05）。天狼星红染色心肌胶原含量SHR—Can组明显低于SHR组（P〈0．05）。结论Candesartan早期治疗可抑制SHR大鼠高血压的形成与发展,也可抑制SHR心肌纤维化并降低心脏指数,还能降低SHR心肌AT1、AT2的表达,Candesartan抑制心肌纤维化可能与心肌局部AT1、AT2表达水平有关。     

The effect of nutrient profiles of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets on blood pressure and bone metabolism and composition in normotensive and hypertensive rats

Hypertension has been associated with abnormalities of Ca and bone metabolism. Consequently, dietary strategies aimed at reducing blood pressure may also benefit bone health; however, this issue has received little attention. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of two antihypertensive-type diets on blood pressure and bone metabolism and composition in normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto NHsd, WKY) and hypertensive (spontaneously hypertensive NHsd, SHR) rats. Thirty WKY and thirty SHR male rats, 14 weeks old, were separately randomized by weight into three groups of ten rats each. One group from each strain was given a control diet while the other two groups were fed two anti-hypertensive (high fruit and vegetable (F/V) and high fruit and vegetable and low-fat dairy produce (combination)) diets for 8 weeks. SHR rats were significantly (P<0.01) heavier than WKY rats. Blood pressure and femoral length, width, dry weight, ash, Ca, Mg, P and bone mineral mass were significantly (P<0.0001) greater in SHR than WKY rats, but were unaffected by diet, irrespective of strain. While markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption (urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline) were similar in both strains, these markers were significantly (P<0.05) lower (28-31, 16-23, 31-33 % respectively) in the SHR rats fed the combination diet relative to those fed the control and F/V diets. Bone turnover in WKY rats was unaffected by diet. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the combination diet may benefit bone metabolism in hypertensive animals. However, as blood pressure was unaffected by this diet, the mechanism by which it reduced bone turnover requires further investigation.     

Effects of dietary administration of plant-derived anthocyanin-rich colors to spontaneously hypertensive rats

Anthocyanins have beneficial effects such as free radical scavenging activity. We investigated the effects of continuous administration of colors from purple corn (PCC), purple sweet potato (PSC) and red radish (RRC) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). These are rich in anthocyanins. Animals were fed with diets containing PCC, PSC or RRC (1 mass% of diets) for 15 wk. While the body weight and the daily food intake of administered rats were not different from those of the non-administered control rats through the experimental period, the blood pressure and the heart rate of SHR administered each color decreased as compared to the control group from the early stage of administration. These results suggest that plant-derived colors containing anthocyanins have anti-hypertensive effects on hypertensive animals.