运城市HIV/AIDS患者中结核病筛查结果分析

目的:了解HIV/AIDS患者中结核病的感染情况。方法:对辖区内已登记和管理存活的HIV/AIDS患者拍胸片、痰涂片、PPD试验进行结核病筛查,按照活动性肺结核病诊断标准进行确诊。结果:390例HIV/AIDS患者中合并活动性肺结核36例。发病率9.23%,其中痰涂片阳性21例。占5.38%,痰涂片阴性15例。占3.83%。男性组合并活动性肺结核23例,发病率10.60%,女性13例,发病率7.51%,差别无统计学意义(X~2=1.09,P>0.05)。各年龄组合并活动性肺结核无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PPD试验阳性率为15.1%。结论:HIV/AIDS患者中结核病双重感染率较高。应加强时HIV/AIDS患者的结核病监测。     

390例HIV/AIDS患者中结核病筛查结果分析

目的:了解HIV/AIDS患者中结核病的感染情况.方法:对辖区内已登记和管理存活的HIV/AIDS患者拍胸片、痰涂片、PPD试验进行结核病筛查,按照活动性肺结核病诊断标准进行确诊.结果:390例HIV/AIDS患者中合并活动性肺结核36例,发病率9.23%,其中痰涂片阳性21例,占5.38%,痰涂片阴性15例,占3.83%.男性组合并活动性肺结核23例,发病率10.60%,女性13例,发病率7.51%,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.09,P>0.05).各年龄组合并活动性肺结核无统计学意义(P>0.05).PPD试验阳性率为15.1%.结论:HIV/AIDS患者中结核病双重感染率较高,应加强对HIV/AIDS患者的结核病监测.     

柳州市艾滋病感染者中结核病筛查结果分析

目的了解艾滋病感染者和艾滋病人（HIV／AIDS）的肺结核的机会感染情况。方法抽样调查柳州市美沙酮维持治疗点、自愿检测咨询中心（VCT）、艾滋病关怀门诊、艾滋病抗病毒治疗点的HIV／AIDS患者，进行问卷调查及拍胸片、痰涂片及痰培养检查。结果1584例HIV／AIDS患者中，筛查出活动性肺结核164例，检出率10．4％，高于一般人群。其中，男性157例，检出率12．0％；女性7例，检出率2．5％。经Х^2检验二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。30～40岁年龄组检出率最高。结论HIV／AIDS是肺结核的高危人群，要尽早筛查肺结核，及时治疗。     

2010～2012年广西部分地区在校学生结核病筛查结果分析

目的：了解学校结核菌素（PPD）试验开展情况、结核病发病水平及强阳性结果相关影响因素,为广西学生结核病体检制度的建立提供理论依据。方法对参与调查学生开展PPD筛查;对所有PPD试验强阳性学生及有肺结核可疑症状学生、疑似病例进行胸部X线片及痰涂片检查;对PPD强阳性与非强阳性学生的相关因素进行比较分析。结果接受PPD筛查学生53217例,阳性率5．74％（3055例）,强阳性率1．46％（775例）;活动性肺结核检出率0．03％（15例）。经过χ2及Logistic逐步回归统计分析,年龄与地区分布是PPD试验强阳性的影响因素（P＜0．05）。结论通过PPD初筛,再行胸部X线片及痰涂片检查是在学校及结核病防治门诊发现结核病行之有效的方法。同时,应加强结核病高疫情地区的学校,特别是大专院校学生的结核病筛查力度。     

新登记涂阳肺结核患者家庭密切接触者筛查分析

目的了解涂阳肺结核病人家庭密切接触者中新病人的发现情况。方法对确认的家庭密切接触者875人做PPD试验，14岁以上的并作胸透，对于PPD强阳性反应和胸透异常者拍胸片1张，痰涂片3张。结果查出活动性肺结核病人51例，肺结核患病率为582．8／10万，其中痰涂片阳性24例，涂阳患病率274．2／10万。51例中，强阳性45例，占88．2％，都高于普通人群。结论对涂阳肺结核病人的家庭密切接触者进行检查，可以较早期的发现活动性肺结核病人，特别是传染性肺结核病人，从而早期治疗，达到控制结核病传播的目的。     

结核感染T淋巴细胞检测试验在结核病快速诊断中的应用及意义

目的：探讨结核感染T淋巴细胞检测（T-SPOT·TB）试验在结核病诊断中的应用价值与意义。方法对本院735例患者行T-SPOT·TB筛查,分为非结核组（89例）与结核组（646例）。临床确诊结核患者646例中肺结核578例,肺外结核32例,HIV合并结核感染（HIV-TB）36例。将筛查结果及斑点计数情况与结核菌素试验（PPD）、涂片、培养、结核抗体检测结果进行比较分析。结果T-SPOT·TB试验检测灵敏度为84．5％,PPD、涂片镜检法、痰培养法和结核抗体检测的灵敏度依次为57．9％、29．3％、33．6％和47．4％,与T-SPOT·TB试验相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;T-SPOT·TB试验特异度为94．4％,显著高于PPD（74．2％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。在肺结核、肺外结核与HIV-TB患者中的T-SPOT·TB的灵敏度分别是86．2％、78．1％和63．9％,与PPD和痰培养法检出结果一致性较差,分别为71．7％（Kappa＝0．410）和51．8％（Kappa＝0．200）;细菌学阳性与阴性患者T-SPOT·TB试验的斑点数差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论T-SPOT·TB试验较传统的结核病实验室检测方法有更好的灵敏度与特异度,但不能区分结核活动性与否且费用较高,可作为结核病诊断的辅助方法。     

一起中学结核病暴发流行的调查报告

目的：掌握疫情，阻断传染源，控制结核病暴发流行。方法：利用结素试验、X光胸片检查、痰涂片检查等。结果：2598名师生PPD试验阳性率为43．62％。首发病例的高二（二）班阳性率高达71％。全校强阳性反应率为11．23％。结论：经X光摄片、痰涂片检查，确诊活动性肺结核20例（其中涂阳1例），罹患率为0．76％，涂阳罹患率为0．038％，病型分布为Ⅲ型。     

HIV／AIDS合并早期隐性梅毒患者淋巴细胞HLA—DR抗原表达

目的研究HIV／AIDS合并早期隐性梅毒患者外周血淋巴细胞HLA—DR抗原的表达,探讨其临床意义。方法用流式细胞仪检测72例HIV患者、45例HIV／AIDS合并早期隐性梅毒患者和35例健康体检者外周血T淋巴细胞HLA—DR抗原百分比（CD3＋HLA—DR＋）和B淋巴细胞HLA—DR抗原百分比（CD3-HLA—DR＋）。结果与对照组[（6．16±2．47）％]比较,HIV感染合并组和AIDS合并组CD3＋HLA—DR＋抗原百分比[分别为（16．7±5．13）％和（16．9±5．87）％]显著升高（P均〈0．01）,HIV感染合并组与AIDS合并组CD3＋HLA—DR＋抗原百分比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。HIV感染合并组CD3-HLA—DR＋抗原百分比[（6．79±2．54）％]显著低于AIDS合并组[（12．2±2．47）％,P〈0．01]和对照组[（14．7±3．23）％,P〈0．01],AIDS合并组CD3-HLA—DR＋抗原百分比与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。HIV感染合并组CD3-HLA—DR＋抗原百分比显著低于HIV感染组（P〈0．01）,HIV感染合并组与HIV感染组CD3＋HLA—DR＋抗原百分比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,AIDS合并组与AIDS组两组间CD3-HLA—DR＋抗原百分比和CD3＋HLA—DR＋抗原百分比均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论HIV／AIDS合并早期隐性梅毒感染患者外周血T、B淋巴细胞HLA—DR抗原百分比与HIV／AIDS患者存在一定的区别,与HIV进程无明显的相关性。     

肾结核合并活动性肺结核的诊治探讨

目的：提高活动性肺结核合并肾结核的诊治水平。方法：分析28例肾结核合并活动性肺结核患者的诊治情况。结果：88．2％的患者PPD试验阴性；55．6％的患者痰涂片找抗酸杆菌阳性；除5例患者外，其余23例患者均首先进行了3～6个月的抗结核治疗。结论：肾结核合并活动性肺结核的患者往往存在细胞免疫力低下，治疗上应该首先进行抗结核和调节免疫功能的治疗，然后才进行相应的外科处理。对一般情况较好的患者，可以在2周的抗结核治疗后立即进行手术治疗。     

结核病患者单纯疱疹病毒感染的检测及临床意义

目的了解结核病患者单纯疱疹病毒的感染情况,探讨其可能对结核病病情的影响。方法采用金标免疫斑点渗滤法分别检测51例肺结核患者和30例正常健康人血浆单纯疱疹病毒感染的IgM和IgG。结果肺结核患者组HsV—IgM的阳性率为88．24％与对照组（66．67％）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;HSV-IgG的阳性率为80．39％,与对照组（70．00％）相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;有肺炎表现者HSV-IgG的阳性率为61．11％,与无肺炎表现的患者组（90．91％）相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;经统计学处理,HSV的活动性感染与病程、分期、痰涂片阳性无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论肺结核患者存在较高的活动性单纯疱疹病毒感染,活动性单纯疱疹病毒感染与病情轻重有一定关系。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.