ABCD~2评分联合颈动脉超声对TIA后早期发生脑梗死的预测价值

目的探讨ABCD2评分联合颈部血管超声对短暂性脑缺血发作后7d内发生脑梗死的预测价值。方法收集颈内动脉系统TIA患者80例,并根据ABCD2评分及颈部血管超声结果进行分组,比较各组患者TIA后7d内脑梗死发生率。结果80例TIA患者7d内进展为脑梗死共18例(22.5%),低、中、高危组患者7d内进展为脑梗死的比例分别为6.9%、27.3%、38.9%,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。颈动脉超声斑块组和无斑块组脑梗死发生率分别为47.1%、4.3%(P0.05)。ABCD2评分≥4分的患者中,颈动脉超声斑块组脑梗死发生率为54.2%,高于无斑块组(11.1%)(P0.05)。结论 ABCD2评分联合颈动脉超声对评估短暂性脑缺血发作患者早期发生脑梗死的风险具有重要意义。     

动脉粥样硬化性大脑中动脉区域TIA功能磁共振成像分析

目的利用弥散加权成像(DWI)、磁共振血管成像(MRA)对大脑中动脉(MCA)区域TIA进行解剖性定位,评价磁共振对临床实践的指导意义。方法对32例TIA患者,在发作1.5h~7d内行头部MRI、DWI、MRA检查,对DWI图像上的高信号与T2WI像、MRA、临床症状、体征进行对照研究。结果2例DWI正常,但MRA颅内大脑中动脉闭塞,病变血管与临床症状相一致。12例DWI正常,MRA仅轻度狭窄或正常。3例DWI有高信号,T2WI无相应病灶为超早期脑梗死,其中MRA1例动脉硬化样改变,2例大脑中动脉闭塞,病灶与体征相符。15例DWI有高信号、T2WI有相应病灶,2例为早期脑梗死、13例为腔隙性脑梗死,其中MRA8例颅内大血管轻到中度狭窄,2例严重狭窄。MRI显示20例(62.5%)存在多发陈旧腔隙性梗死灶。对于TIA患者发作时MRA相应病变进行χ2四格表精确检验,DWI异常组与正常组比较P<0.05,MRA大血管病变是TIA预后形成梗死的独立危险因素。结论对TIA患者行MRI、DWI、MRA检查,能及时发现超早期脑梗死,还能对新发腔隙性脑梗死准确定位,科学指导临床早期干预治疗。MRA可提供1.2级大血管的供血状态,指导后续的2级预防。     

ABCD~2评分结合DWI和PWI对TIA后发生脑梗死的预测价值

目的观察ABCD~2评分联合核磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)和灌注加权成像(PWI)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后7 d和30 d内发生脑梗死风险的预测价值。方法 247例TIA患者发病后72 h内分别行ABCD~2评分联合头部DWI和PWI检查,随访发病后7 d和30 d脑梗死发生率。结果 247例TIA患者中,7 d和30 d内脑梗死发生率分别为21例(8.5%)和27例(14.8%);ABCD~2危险度分层7 d和30 d内脑梗死发生率低危组中危组高危组(均P0.05);DWI和PWI阳性且ABCD~2≥4分组显著高于DWI、PWI阴性组且ABCD~24分(均P0.05);DWI和PWI阳性组与DWI和PWI阴性组在各ABCD~2评分因素方面差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic回归分析表明ABCD~2评分中高危、DWI阳性和PWI阳性为TIA后发生脑梗死的独立危险因素。结论 ABCD~2联合DWI和PWI评分对预测TIA后7 d和30 d内脑梗死的发生风险具有重要的价值。     

短暂性脑缺血发作后发生脑梗死风险的预测研究

目的 探讨ABCD2评分和ABCD2评分结合MRI弥散加权成像(DWI)和颅内动脉MR血管成像(MRA)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后脑梗死的预测价值.方法 分别采用ABCD2评分及ABCD2+ DWI+MRA评分对182例TIA患者进行评定,观察TIA后2d、7d和30 d内的脑梗死发生率.采用ROC曲线评估ABCD2及ABCD2+ DWI+ MRA评分对TIA后脑梗死风险的预测准确度.结果 本组56例(30.8％)患者于30 d内发生脑梗死,其中42例(23.1％)发生于7d内,19例(10.4％)发生于2d内,均无脑出血发生.与低危组比较,中危组与高危组各时间点脑梗死发生率显著升高(均P＜0.05).DWI异常患者各时间点脑梗死发生率明显高于正常者(均P＜0.05).30 d时颅内动脉狭窄≥50％的患者脑梗死发生率明显高于颈内动脉狭窄＜50％的患者(P＜0.05).伴DWI异常及颅内动脉狭窄≥50％的低危组患者各时间点脑梗死发生率显著高于DWI正常和颅内动脉狭窄＜50％的患者(均P＜0.05).ABCD2+ DWI+ MRA评分预测TIA第2d、第7d及第30 d的脑梗死率的曲线下面积显著高于ABCD2评分(均P＜0.001).结论 ABCD2评分结合DWI和MRA能进一步提高预测TIA后发生脑梗死的准确性.     

ABCD~2评分结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声对TIA患者近期预后的评价

目的分析ABCD2评分结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后7 d发生脑梗死的评估价值。方法以2010年1月～2011年1月住院治疗的126例TIA患者作为研究对象,收集其临床、TCD和颈部血管超声检查资料。按ABCD2评分法进行评分,计算TIA后7 d内脑梗死发生率。结果 126例TIA患者7 d内进展为脑梗死者26例,占20.6%。ABCD2评分越高,脑梗死的发生率越高(P<0.05)。TIA后7 d脑供血动脉狭窄≥50%的患者中脑梗死发生率较脑供血动脉狭窄<50%的患者明显升高(P<0.05)。ABCD2评分≥4分、脑供血动脉狭窄≥50%的TIA患者7 d脑梗死发生率为33.8%,与ABCD2评分≥4分、脑供血动脉狭窄<50%的TIA患者(7.7%)比较,其发生脑梗死的风险明显增加(P<0.05)。结论 ABCD2评分法预测7 d发生脑梗死风险的准确性较高,进一步结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声检查可提高预测的准确性。     

联合应用ABCD2评分与头颅MR对TIA及小卒中早期预后的研究

目的分析ABCD 2评分结合磁共振MRA及DWI评分(ABCD2-DI评分)评价TIA及小卒中患者发病后7～90d脑梗死的发生率/复发率。方法以2010-01—2012-06住院TIA及小卒中患者为研究对象,入院后72h内完善头颅MR(包括MRA及DWI),进行ABCD2-DI评分,随访发病后7d、30d及90d脑梗死发生率/复发率。结果 TIA患者7d、30d及90d内脑梗死发生率分别为19.9%、23.5%及29.4%;小卒中患者7d、30d及90d内脑梗死发生率分别为26.2%、28.6%及33.9%;TIA/小卒中发生后7d内新发脑梗死/短期复发概率较高,患者随着时间延长其复发率较TIA发展为脑梗死概率更高。结论 ABCD 2-DI评分可提高对TIA及小卒中患者发病后90d内脑梗死发生率及复发率的预测,尤其是TIA发生后7d内更为明显。     

传统定义TIA与DWI异常的探讨

目的 研究短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)的异常改变,进一步探讨TIA传统定义与新定义在影像方面的差别.方法 以2007-07～2008-09在本院住院的TIA患者为研究对象,入选患者完成MRI检查,收集检查结果及临床资料并分析DWI异常.结果 共68例TIA患者入选,其中30例(44%)患者DWI异常(阳性);19例症状持续≥1h的患者中16例DWI阳性(84%);DWI阳性率随时间的延长增高.结论 依据TIA传统定义24h症状持续≥1h的患者中更多发生DWI异常,具有脑实质缺血性损害,支持TIA新定义的合理性.     

3.0T HR-MRI评估椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块在TIA病情发展中的价值

目的分析3.0 T高分辨率磁共振成像(3.0 T HR-MRI)评估椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性在短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的应用价值。方法选取2015年2月至2018年2月期间于本院诊治的TIA患者80例,所有患者均行3.0 T HR-MRI检查出椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块,记录椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块分布和厚度,并根据斑块稳定性将患者分为斑块稳定组(n=38)和斑块不稳定组(n=42),比较两组患者TIA发作次数以及发作持续时间,门诊随访1年,比较两组患者脑梗死或TIA再发时间、TIA再发次数及脑梗死例数。结果椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块最容易在背侧壁形成,斑块厚度以0.5～1.5mm为主;斑块不稳定组患者TIA发作次数显著多于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05),TIA发作持续时间显著长于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05);随访1年发现,斑块不稳定组患者脑梗死或TIA再次发作时间显著短于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05),TIA发作次数、脑梗死例数高于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05)。结论 3.0 T HR-MRI能够评估椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块分布、厚度等情况,并对斑块进行定性分析,进一步预测TIA病情发展,为脑血管病二级预防提供更多依据。     

重新定义TIA的临床和磁共振弥散加权成像的研究

目的通过研究短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemicattack，TIA）的临床特征及其与磁共振弥散加权成像（Diffusion-WeightedMRI，DWI）异常改变的关系，进一步探讨TIA新定义在临床中的应用价值。方法以2006年4月-2007年9月在本院住院的TIA患者为研究对象，入选患者完成MRI检查，前瞻性收集其临床资料和检查结果，并分析临床特征与DWI异常的关系。结果共76例TIA患者入选，其中33例（43％）患者DWI异常（阳性）；22例症状持续≥1h的患者中有19例DWI阳性（86％）；症状持续≥1h、有失语、运动障碍的患者DWI阳性率高（P〈0．05）；33例DWI阳性的患者中22例常规MRI也发现相关病灶，但8例是经回顾分析才发现。结论将近一半的TIA患者DWI有急性缺血性病灶；症状持续≥1h、失语和运动障碍与DWI异常有关；新定义有助于TIA的早期评估和治疗，但其部分受限于对影像学检查的依赖。     

不同机制的症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化患者HRMRI斑块特征分析

目的 分析不同机制的症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化患者高分辨率磁共振成像(HRMRI)斑块特征。方法 收集2019年1月-2019年12月在江苏大学附属宜兴医院神经内科就诊的脑梗死患者60例,参照中国缺血性脑卒中亚型(CISS)分型标准,并根据颅脑DWI表现将症状性动脉粥样硬化性颅内动脉狭窄(sICAS)患者分为动脉—动脉栓塞组(A组)、低灌注或混合性脑梗死组(B组)、穿支动脉受累组(C组)各20例。另外,同期选取20例无症状性ICAS患者作为无症状性ICAS组(D组); 所有患者均行HRMRI扫描,评价斑块特征。结果 4组患者颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块形态、分布、强化、斑块内信号、责任动脉的狭窄程度、病变管壁体积百分比比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 4组患者颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块部位、病变局部血管重构指数特征比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。A,B,C组患者颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块部位、病变局部血管重构指数特征比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 HRMRI可作为分析症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化患者斑块特征,但不同机制的斑块特征无明显差异     

'Footprints' of transient ischemic attacks: a diffusion-weighted MRI study

OBJECTIVE: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) conveys temporal as well as anatomic information about brain infarction, and is therefore well suited to identify ischemic injury that has occurred simultaneously, or closely linked in time, with a transient ischemic attack (TIA). We aimed to determine the proportion and clinical characteristics of patients with TIA who harbor infarction(s) on DWI. METHODS: Using T(2)-weighted imaging (T(2)-WI), fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and DWI, we studied 57 consecutive patients presenting with acute focal neurologic symptoms lasting less than 24 h. RESULTS: A hyperintense DWI lesion was identified in a vascular territory appropriate to the symptoms in 27 patients (47%). Lesions judged to be clinically appropriate on T(2)-WI and FLAIR overlapped with a DWI lesion in 41 and 48% of patients, respectively. Independent predictors of infarction on DWI were previous nonstereotypic TIAs, presentation with motor symptoms, and identified stroke mechanism. CONCLUSION: DWI establishes that recent infarction occurs in almost half of patients with the clinical syndrome of TIA and this subgroup is more likely to harbor an underlying cardiac or cerebrovascular abnormality.     

Diffusion MRI in patients with transient ischemic attacks.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion MRI has established value in patients with ischemic stroke but has not been systematically investigated in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS: Clinical, conventional MRI, and diffusion MRI data were collected on 42 consecutive patients with symptoms of cerebral TIA. TIA imaging data were compared with those from a contemporaneous group of 23 completed stroke patients. RESULTS: Twenty of the 42 TIA patients (48%) demonstrated neuroanatomically relevant focal abnormalities on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging. When present, DWI/ADC signal changes in TIA patients were less pronounced and smaller in volume than those in completed stroke patients. TIA symptom duration was significantly longer for DWI-positive than for DWI-negative patients, 7.3 versus 3.2 hours. Diffusion MRI information changed the suspected anatomic and vascular TIA localization and the suspected etiologic mechanism in over one third of patients with diffusion MRI abnormalities. Of the 20 TIA patients with identifiable lesions on diffusion MRI, 9 had follow-up imaging studies; of these, 4 did not show a relevant infarct on follow-up imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion MRI demonstrates ischemic abnormalities in nearly half of clinically defined TIA patients. The percentage of patients with a DWI lesion increases with increasing total symptom duration. In nearly half, the diffusion MRI changes may be fully reversible, while in the remainder the diffusion MRI findings herald the development of a parenchymal infarct despite transient clinical symptoms. Finally, diffusion imaging results have significant clinical utility, frequently changing the presumed localization and etiologic mechanism.     

Usefulness of diffusion-weighted MRI in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks]

Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) has been demonstrated to be valuable for assessment of ischemic stroke patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical usefulness of DWI in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack(TIA). Nineteen patients with symptoms of TIA were studied. DWI was taken with 1.5 Tesla MRI system using spin echo EPI sequence. Seven patients revealed areas of hyperintensity (brightness) on DWI and of hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) maps relative to normal brain. As the duration of TIA symptom elongated, the percentage of patients with DWI abnormalities became higher. DWI enabled to detect areas of hyperintense lesion in all three patients as early as 3 hours after the onset, while conventional T2 weighted imaging showed in one. All the DWI abnormalities were irreversible in spite of the complete recovery from TIA. DWI is an useful technique for the detection of responsible lesions in TIA. However, TIA cannot be ruled out even if DWI does not demonstrate any abnormal signals.     

Clinical characteristics of transient ischemic attacks in black patients

We analyzed the clinical, CT, and angiographic findings in 50 black patients with carotid transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Thirty-two percent had TIAs lasting less than 1 hour, 26% had TIAs lasting 1 to 6 hours, and 42% had TIAs lasting 6 to 24 hours. Fifty-two percent of TIA patients had CT evidence of cerebral infarction despite complete clinical recovery. CT was abnormal in two of 16 (13%) patients with TIAs lasting less than 1 hour; however, CT was abnormal in 24 of 34 (70%) patients with TIAs lasting longer than 1 hour. Angiographic findings of extracranial carotid disease appropriate to TIA symptoms were present in 12 (24%) patients. Two patients in whom the TIA episode lasted less than 1 hour later had clinical cerebral infarction, whereas 20 patients with longer-duration TIAs developed ischemic stroke within 4 months. Of these black TIA patients, 22 (44%) developed clinical cerebral infarction.     

Abnormalities on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with transient ischemic attack]

We studied abnormalities on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA). Out of 18 consecutive TIA patients, 9 patients had relevant focal abnormalities on DWI. Among TIA patients, six patients were associated with atrial fibrillation (Af), and all of these patients had focal abnormalities on DWI as well. TIA patients with Af had significantly more frequent focal abnormalities on DWI than those without Af (p = 0.009; Fisher's exact probability test). In addition, the duration of TIA symptoms was not related to the presence of focal abnormalities on DWI. These results indicate that embolic mechanism may cause focal abnormalities on DWI. DWI was more sensitive to detect responsible ischemic lesions in these patients than T2-weighted image or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image.     

短暂性脑缺血发作、单/多发腔隙性脑梗死患者血纤维蛋白原水平与颈动脉及下肢动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack,TIA）、单/多发腔隙性脑梗死患者颈动脉及下肢动脉粥样硬化情况,明确血纤维蛋白原水平对颈动脉及下肢动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法对178例短暂性脑缺血发作、单/多发腔隙性脑梗死患者进行颈动脉及下肢动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,记录颈动脉及下肢动脉粥样硬化斑块的部位、大小、数目、回声、动脉分叉处内膜中层厚度（inti ma-media thickness,I MT）及血管内径,并测量血压及纤维蛋白原测定。结果颈动脉粥样硬化斑块位于颈总动脉分叉处最多（占58.3%）。I MT≥1.2mm组血纤维蛋白原水平显著高于I MT〈1.2mm组（P〈0.05）。下肢动脉粥样硬化位于股动脉最多（占49.6%）,I MT≥1.2mm组血纤维蛋白原水平显著高于I MT〈1.2mm组（P〈0.05）。高水平纤维蛋白原组（≥3.0g/L）易损斑块数量明显增多（P≤0.05）。颈动脉I MT与患者收缩压、舒张压以及纤维蛋白原水平呈正相关（r=4.89、5.37、6.47,P均〈0.05）,下肢动脉I MT与血糖及纤维蛋白原水平呈正相关（r=4.83、5.38、6.68,P均〈0.05）。结论血纤维蛋白原水平与短暂性脑缺血发作、单/多发腔隙性脑梗死患者颈动脉及下肢动脉粥样硬化程度呈正相关。     

Cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischemic attacks

Summary Cranial computed tomography of 284 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and without previous stroke was evaluated. The sample population included patients with carotid and/or vertebrobasilar TIAs. Computed tomography revealed cerebral infarction in 34 patients, including 5 with multiple infarctions. The lesion location was consistent with TIA symptoms in 16 patients. In another 16 patients, however, the lesion location did not correspond to the TIA symptoms; these lesions were attributed to previous silent infarctions. Two patients with multiple infarctions had both symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions. Age and carotid stenosis were each significantly related to an increased chance of detecting cerebral infarction (either symptomatic or asymptomatic). No significant relationship between race, gender, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, or smoking and the incidence of infarction was found by either univariate or multivariate analyses.     

频发短暂性脑缺血发作与颅内外血管病变的相关性

目的 探讨症状相关侧血管狭窄程度、颈动脉斑块性质与频发短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的相关性.方法 应用DSA和颈动脉超声、经颅彩色多普勒超声联合对79例急性期(7 d内)颈内动脉系统TIA患者进行检查,按照患者首次发作至入院当天(时间范围≤7 d)的TIA发作次数分为TIA缓解组(发作次数＜3次)和TIA频发组(发作次数≥3次),比较两组间症状相关侧血管狭窄程度、颈动脉斑块性质的差异.结果 颈内动脉系统TIA患者的血管病变以颅内病变为主,以大脑中动脉病变最为多见(51.2%),颈内动脉颅外段次之(37.2%).TIA频发组与TIA缓解组相比,发作时间短暂(≤10 min),两组差异有统计学意义(x2=5.343,P=0.021).TIA频发组症状相关侧血管≥50%狭窄比例(66.7%)明显高于TIA缓解组(35.3%,x2=7.655,P=0.006).症状相关侧颈动脉斑块性质与频发TIA无相关性(x2=0.939,P=0.332).结论 频发TIA发作时间短暂且与症状相关侧血管中重度狭窄(≥50%)相关,其发病机制可能主要与血流动力学因素有关.     

SPECT study of cerebral blood flow reactivity after acetazolamide in patients with transient ischemic attacks

We investigated 15 patients with one or more transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in the internal carotid artery territory within the month following the most recent TIA. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by single-photon emission computed tomography, using intravenous xenon-133 before and after injection of 1 g acetazolamide. Six patients had severe carotid stenosis or occlusion; the other nine patients had no significant carotid lesions. Twenty age-matched volunteers free of neurologic symptoms or history were used as controls. Mean CBF in the sylvian region was not significantly different between patients and controls. Seven patients exhibited a focal hypoperfusion at rest in the symptomatic hemisphere, and their hypoperfused areas were hyporeactive after administration of acetazolamide. Seven other patients exhibited hyporeactive areas after acetazolamide administration while their CBF tomograms at rest were normal. Thus, CBF abnormalities were detected in 14 of the 15 patients. Our findings suggest that CBF measured early after acetazolamide administration could be useful to confirm the clinical diagnosis of TIA. In the nine patients with no significant lesion of the internal carotid artery, the areas of hypoperfusion were small and were probably related to the focal ischemic event. In the six patients with severe lesions of the internal carotid artery, abnormalities were of variable size and intensity but were often large and pronounced. The discrepancy between these two subgroups of patients could be ascribed to the hemodynamic influence of the internal carotid artery lesions. Moreover, our findings may provide some insight into the pathophysiology of TIAs.     

Impact of abnormal diffusion-weighted imaging results on short-term outcome following transient ischemic attack

OBJECTIVE: To characterize short-term prognoses among patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and normal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) results, TIA patients with abnormal DWI results (transient symptoms associated with infarction [TSI]), and patients with completed ischemic stroke (IS). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: We reviewed patient medical records between January 2003 and December 2004 with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for TIA at admission, resolution of neurological symptoms within 24 hours, magnetic resonance imaging within 48 hours, and a discharge diagnosis of TIA or IS. A random sample of 50 IS patients was selected from all IS admissions and discharges by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and in-hospital outcome data were recorded. Three diagnostic categories were created: TIA with normal DWI results, TSI, and IS. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between diagnostic category and rate of in-hospital stroke or recurrent TIA among the 3 groups. RESULTS: We identified 146 classic TIA (25% with TSI) and 50 IS cases. There were 4 recurrent TIAs and 6 strokes among patients with TSI (27.0%); 3 recurrent TIAs and no strokes among patients with normal DWI results (2.8%); and 1 recurrent stroke and no TIAs among IS patients (2.0%). Transient symptoms associated with infarction was independently associated with in-hospital recurrent TIA or stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 11.2; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Transient symptoms associated with infarction is associated with a greater rate of early recurrent TIA and stroke than both IS and TIA with normal DWI results. These data suggest that TSI may be a separate clinical entity with unique prognostic implications.