合并胼胝体腔隙性梗死的脑梗死患者临床分析

目的 观察胼胝体腔隙性梗死的l临床及影像学表现.方法 收集连续入住我院并行颅脑MR检查的脑梗死患者276例.结果 20例(7.2%)脑梗死患者的颅脑MRI显示有胼胝体腔隙性梗死灶.胼胝体腔隙性梗死大部分呈"指状",起自胼胝体下缘,伸入胼胝体内;少数病灶呈"小山丘状".结论 胼胝体腔隙性梗死并非罕见.胼胝体腔隙性梗死的形态与多发性硬化的胼胝体病灶相似,应注意鉴别.胼胝体腔隙性梗死也不是CADASIL的影像学特征,诊断时应注意综合分析.     

5个CADASIL家族的核磁共振改变特点

目的　分析来自5个CADASIL家族中8名患者的核磁共振(MRI)表现,总结病变不同时期的MRI变化规律及其诊断价值。方法　研究对象为经过超微病理和Notch3基因检查确诊的5个CADASIL家族中的8个患者,均在成年早期发病,主要表现为反复发作的缺血性卒中和进行性痴呆。对先证者1及其母亲、先证者2及其哥哥、姐姐,先证者3、4和5 ,总计8名患者进行了头部MRI检查,其中4名进行了MRI血管成像检查。结果　8名患者的头部MRI均显示多发腔隙性脑梗死,病灶主要分布在基底节、丘脑和脑室旁白质,6例患者出现了外囊梗死,4例出现了胼胝体梗死,3例出现了脑桥梗死。所有8例患者均存在双侧大脑半球多灶性或弥漫性白质疏松,1例患者MRI确诊1年后随访显示多灶性白质病变进展为弥漫性损害,5例患者出现了双侧颞极等T1 长T2 信号。4例患者的头部MRI血管成像检查未见异常。结论　基底节、丘脑和脑室旁白质是CADASIL腔隙性脑梗死的好发部位,外囊和胼胝体梗死以及双侧颞极长T2 信号对本病具有较高的诊断价值。脑干受累可以出现在病程早期,而白质病灶分布形式的变化可以反映病情的进展。     

腔隙性脑梗死102例患者的脑血流动力学分析

目的 依据神经影像学资料分析腔隙性脑梗死患者脑和血管病变及其发病机制。方法 对102例腔隙性脑梗死患者进行头颅MRI、CT血管造影（CTA）、CT灌注成像（CTP）检查。结果 单发腔隙性脑梗死3例，多发腔隙性脑梗死99例。CTA显示颈内动脉（ICA）重度狭窄或闭塞32例，轻-中度狭窄19例。中动脉（MCA）重度狭窄或闭塞11例，轻-中度狭窄5例。ICA或MCA粥样硬化23例，正常血管12例。CTP显示ICA-MCA供血区内血流灌注异常56例。结论 腔隙性脑梗死可能由大动脉狭窄或闭塞所造成的远端小动脉血流灌注减低和微栓子所致。     

幕上腔隙性脑梗死的发病机制分析

目的通过数字剪影脑血管造影(DSA)及MRI成像分析幕上腔隙性脑梗死发病机制特点。方法对30例MRI确诊的急性幕上腔隙性脑梗死患者的脑血管造影结果及MRI成像结果进行分析。结果 30例患者中梗死同侧大脑中动脉(MCA)M1段狭窄(狭窄≥50%)10例,颈内动脉(ICA)末端狭窄或闭塞(狭窄≥50%)5例,大脑前动脉(ACA)A1段狭窄(狭窄≥50%)3例,颈内动脉颅外段狭窄或闭塞(狭窄≥70%)3例,烟雾病2例,仅发现同侧颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤1例,未发现可分辨的责任狭窄6例(SWI显示基底节区或皮质下微出血灶者4例,SWI显示正常者2例);SWI发现基底节区或皮质下微出血灶者10例。结论幕上腔隙性脑梗死患者前循环大血管狭窄者占有相当比例,单纯穿支小血管本身病变者比例较小。故对于临床诊断腔隙性脑梗死者,不要仅认为是穿支本身病变,需进一步评估大血管,筛查出可以进一步干预特别是内科治疗无效的血管内干预,从而改善患者预后。     

孤立性眩晕型小脑梗死的误诊分析与早期识别

目的旨在探讨急性孤立性眩晕型小脑梗死的早期识别因子及误诊为前庭周围性眩晕的原因。方法通过回顾性分析55例表现为孤立性眩晕发作的急性小脑梗死及58例年龄基本相配前庭周围性眩晕患者的临床资料,分析漏诊和误诊的具体原因,比较分析急性小脑梗死与前庭周围性眩晕患者的临床特点与脑血管病危险因素,寻找早期识别急性小脑梗死的预测因子。结果 13例(23.64%)初诊时被误诊为前庭周围性眩晕者。36例(65.45%)没有步态检查记录,所有患者没有进行眼前庭反射检查,初诊时阳性体征(如眼球震颤、辨距不良及直线行走困难等)的发现率明显偏低。16例(29.09%)没有及时进行头部CT或MRI检查。小脑性眩晕的早期呕吐、头痛症状及眩晕间隙期步态障碍的发生率也明显高于周围性眩晕(P<0.05)。二项Logistic回归分析发现男性、Essen缺血性卒中风险评估(ESRS)>3分是预测急性小脑梗死的重要因子(P<0.05)。结论急性小脑梗死通常表现为孤立性眩晕症状,容易漏诊或误诊。病史询问不详尽、神经系统体格检查不彻底、忽视了神经影像学检查以及早期CT检查的不敏感性是容易漏诊或误诊的重要原因。ESRS>3分、早期出现呕吐或头痛、眩晕间隙期直线行走困难、前庭眼球反射正常对早期诊断小脑性急性孤立性眩晕有重要临床价值。     

大脑中动脉狭窄与其深穿支供血区单发脑梗死的关系

目的 分析大脑中动脉(MCA)深穿支供血区单发脑梗死的形态学表现,进一步探讨其与MCA狭窄的关系.方法 连续入选2005年1月至2006年12月于北京协和医院神经科住院治疗急性脑梗死,并经头颅DWI检查明确急性梗死灶为单发,且位于MCA深穿支供血区域的55例患者;所有患者均行TCD和MRA检查,颅外颈内动脉狭窄>50%以及有可疑心源性栓子来源的患者从研究中排除.根据是否存在病灶同侧MCA狭窄将入选患者分为两组:MCA狭窄组(14例)与MCA正常组(41例).测量DWI上急性梗死灶的直径、面积和体积,并将直径≤2 cm归为经典腔隙性梗死,直径>2 cm归为纹状体内囊梗死.DWI上的梗死灶区分为基底节区、侧脑室体旁和同时累及上述2个部位,并判断MRI T2>像上皮质下多发陈旧性小梗死灶或白质疏松是否存在.结果 55例患者中,病灶侧MCA狭窄患者14例(25.5%),MCA正常患者41例(74.5%).MCA狭窄组中经典腔隙性梗死占71.4%,MCA正常组中经典腔隙性梗死占67.3%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.147,P=0.701).MCA狭窄组与正常组患者MCA深穿支梗死病灶的大小(包括直径、面积及体积)差异均无统计学意义.MCA正常组和MCA狭窄组病灶在基底节区、侧脑室体旁及基底节区+侧脑室体旁分布的比例依次为:正常组31.7%、17.1%和51.2%;狭窄组35.7%、28.6%和35.7%,两组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.272,P=0.529).同时存在皮质下多发陈旧性小梗死灶或白质疏松的患者在MCA正常组有23例(56.1%),在MCA狭窄组有3例(21.4%),二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.033,P=0.025).结论 MCA深穿支供血区梗死具有不同的发病机制,MCA狭窄和穿支动脉本身病变均可造成深穿支供血区单发脑梗死.梗死灶的大小、体积及梗死发生的部位与是否存在同侧大脑中动脉狭窄无明显相关性,而同时存在皮质下多发陈旧性小梗死灶或白质疏松对穿支动脉病变有提示作用.     

老年人无症状性脑梗死的临床治疗及影像学分析

目的探讨老年人无症状性脑梗死的临床治疗及其影像学特点。方法选取我院收治无症状性脑梗赛的老年患者70例,对其行CT和MRI检查,分析患者影像学特征,以确定病因并给予有效的治疗措施。结果经影像学分析证实腔隙性梗死者58例,小梗死者12例,未发现无症状的中梗死及大梗死,且伴有高血压、高血脂、心脏疾病、动脉狭窄以及糖尿病等并发症。腔隙性脑梗死发病率较高部位为基底节、内囊和侧旁脑室,而小梗死病灶多见于脑叶;MRI检出率优于CT。结论影像学在无症状性脑梗死的诊疗中有重要价值。     

以失用为主要表现的胼胝体梗死

目的探讨胼胝体梗死的临床表现、病因及鉴别诊断特点。方法对2005年7月收治的1例53岁男性胼胝体梗死患者的临床表现、影像学特点、病因机制及其治疗过程进行回顾分析。结果临床主要表现为发作性黑蒙、言语不利,既往有高血压、糖尿病、脑梗死、吸烟、饮酒史,体格检查以失用为主要表现。头部MRI检查可见左侧脑室旁、胼胝体梗死,右侧基底节、脑桥陈旧性腔隙性梗死;脑血管造影检查显示为多发性血管狭窄,其中以左侧大脑中动脉、右侧颈内动脉及基底动脉最为严重。经颈内动脉内膜剥离术及颈内动脉支架植入术治疗,临床症状缓解。结论失用可以是胼胝体梗死的主要表现,其病因是在脑动脉粥样硬化基础上的血流动力学改变,患者预后良好。     

大脑中动脉区梗死的DWI特点及与其供血动脉狭窄的关系

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)区脑梗死磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)成像病灶分布特点及与其供血动脉狭窄程度的关系.方法 回顾性的分析经颅脑磁共振成像(MRI)的DWI序列诊断的急性脑梗死,选择病灶位于MCA分布区,且完善其供血动脉检查,包括头颈部CTA,或颅脑MRA加颈部血管超声的患者108例,排除心源性栓塞、特殊血管病变导致的脑梗死.将梗死按照部位分为腔隙型梗死(SSSI)、皮层下梗死(SI)和混合型梗死(MI),供血动脉分为正常、轻度(50％)、重度(50％)和闭塞.比较不同类型梗死组的供血动脉狭窄的发生率.结果 各种梗死类型的发生率之间差异无统计学意义(x2=1.08,P＞0.05).单纯MCA病变者53例(53/108,49.1％),单纯ICA病变者28例(28/108,25.9％),单纯MCA病变高于单纯ICA病变(x2=12.35,P＜0.01).同侧血管正常者以LI类型的梗死多见,而单纯ICA病变者以MI类型的梗死多见(x2=10.22;10.54,P＜0.01);三种梗死类型在单纯MCA病变患者中差异无统计学意义(x2=0.25,P＞0.05);在单纯MCA病变者中,SI梗死类型多见于MCA闭塞患者(x2=7.45,P＜0.05).LI梗死类型多见于MCA轻度或重度狭窄患者(x2=6.39,P＜0.05).结论 结合DWI和相应血管检查对于明确MCA区动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的病因和机制有一定帮助.基底节区的腔隙梗死,相应血管检查正常提示小血管病的可能大;MCA存在一定狭窄则可能是穿支受累造成;ICA病变多累及皮层,包括皮层型分水岭区梗死;而不同程度的MCA病变其梗死形态没有本质区别,皮层下梗死更多见MCA闭塞患者.     

大脑中动脉严重狭窄或闭塞卒中类型分析

目的探讨大脑中动脉严重狭窄或闭塞患者卒中类型特点及其发病机制。方法经TCD确诊的大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞患者,依据头部CT和(或)MRI所示梗死灶进行卒中分型。结果169例大脑中动脉严重狭窄或闭塞患者,卒中类型各亚型以腔隙性脑梗死(LI)最为常见,占38.46%,其次为分水岭梗死(WI)占19.23%。流域性脑梗死、弥散性多发点状脑梗死、半卵园中心梗死与MCA严重狭窄或闭塞程度有关。结论大脑中动脉严重狭窄或闭塞患者卒中类型以腔隙型脑梗死、分水岭梗死为主。卒中类型多种多样,血管检查应该作为缺血性脑血管病的常规检查。     

孤立性眩晕起病的后循环缺血性脑卒中患者临床分析

目的 探讨后循环缺血性脑卒中的患者中最初仅表现为孤立性眩晕的患者的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析阜新市中心医院2018-08—2019-08以孤立性眩晕起病的后循环缺血性脑卒中患者13例,对13例以孤立性眩晕起病的后循环缺血性脑卒中患者的危险因素、临床表现、磁共振特点及预后进行回顾性分析.结果 13例患者的发病危险因素主要...     

双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的急性后循环梗死患者临床特点及预后分析

目的总结分析双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的急性后循环梗死患者的临床特点和预后。方法收集急性后循环梗死且伴有双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的住院患者资料,分析其血管危险因素、起始症状、治疗及病情演变情况,并随访90 d预后,以mRS2分定义为预后不良。结果共纳入28例患者,最常见的起始症状为孤立性头晕或眩晕(57.1%)。53.6%的患者出现病情加重,加重≥2次9例(32.1%),预后不良15例(53.6%)。预后不良组高血压3级、病情加重、加重≥2次比例明显高于预后良好组(P0.05)。病情加重≥2次组高血压3级、高脂血症、孤立性头晕或眩晕起病、预后不良和死亡比例明显高于加重2次组(P0.05)。基底动脉不显影组死亡率(75%)明显高于显影组(4.2%)(P0.05)。结论双侧椎动脉/基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的急性后循环梗死患者多以孤立性头晕或眩晕起病;孤立性头晕或眩晕起病和高血压3级患者病情容易加重;病情反复加重患者预后不良比例高,死亡率高;基底动脉不显影患者死亡率高。     

急性脑血管病致偏身舞蹈-投掷症的临床特点

目的探讨急性脑血管病致偏身舞蹈-投掷症的临床特点。方法对13例以偏身舞蹈-投掷症为主要临床表现的急性脑血管病患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果本组患者均为急性起病,11例以偏身舞蹈样症状为主要表现,2例以偏身投掷样症状为主要表现,且出现在脑血管病发病后1～3 d。头颅CT或MRI示尾状核腔隙性梗死(腔梗)4例,壳核腔梗3例,放射冠、尾状核头及内囊前肢腔梗、额叶及放射冠梗死、丘脑出血及中脑出血各1例。经综合治疗6～10 d 10例患者症状消失,3例遗留不同程度的运动障碍。结论多数急性脑血管病致偏身舞蹈-投掷症患者为基底节区腔梗,主要表现为运动过度,综合治疗预后大多数较好。     

以眩晕为首发症状脑梗死19例临床分析

目的探讨以眩晕为首发症状脑梗死的临床及影像学特点。方法收集2011年1月至2012年10月我院神经内科收治的以眩晕为首发症状脑梗死的临床资料,与同时期无眩晕症状脑梗死对照,前者称眩晕组,后者为对照组,比较两组人口统计学、血管危险因素、临床和影像学特征。结果眩晕组脑梗死患者年龄、性别、血管危险因素与无眩晕组脑梗死差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。眩晕组脑梗死部位多位于后循环,常伴随多种神经受损的症状和体征(P<0.05)。结论以眩晕颅首发症状的脑梗死多为后循环脑梗死,常伴随多种神经受损的症状和体征,单纯眩晕患者应早期完善头颅MRI或DSA检查。     

以皮质蛛网膜下腔出血为首发症状的脑梗死2例报道及文献复习

目的提高对皮质蛛网膜下腔出血(cSAH)为首发症状的大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄致急性脑梗死的认识。方法报道2例cSAH患者的临床表现、CT和MRI所见、治疗和预后,并复习相关文献进行讨论。结果 2例患者均有高血压病、糖尿病或冠心病史,突发肢体瘫痪,无头痛。头颅CT显示偏瘫对侧大脑皮质沟高密度影,进一步MRI检查提示CT高密度影为SWI低信号出血灶;同时MRA显示偏瘫对侧MCA M1段局限性狭窄,并于同侧放射冠见新发梗死灶。结论 MCA狭窄可以引起cSAH的临床放射综合征,同时伴有新发脑梗死。在cSAH诊断流程中,应该包括应用SWI和MRA检查。     

Pure monoparesis of the leg due to cerebral infarctions: A diffusion-weighted imaging study

Pure monoparesis of the leg due to cerebral infarction is rare compared to that of the hand. The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory is the most common lesion site in leg monoparesis, but diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI has not commonly been used for lesion detection. The purpose of this study was to use DW MRI to evaluate the radiological correlation with lesion location in patients presenting with pure leg monoparesis. We retrospectively studied six cerebral infarct patients with pure leg monoparesis who had undergone DW MRI. Patients were scanned within 3 days of symptom onset. DW MRI identified lesions in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) in two patients, in the corona radiata (two patients), in the subcortical white matter of the posterior frontal lobe (one patient), and in the frontal and parietal cortex, including the paracentral lobule and precuneus (one patient). The two patients with PLIC infarctions had characteristic linear infarction abnormalities along the long axis of the internal capsule. Corona radiata infarction were located posteriorly, and the two subcortical and cortical infarction were thought to be in the territory of the ACA. We thus concluded that in leg monoparesis due to infarctions, lesions may be located in the PLIC, corona radiata, or in the ACA territory. Recently, magnetic resonance tractography has shown that foot fibres of the corticospinal tract in the PLIC somatotopically may be posteromedial to hand fibres along the short axis of the internal capsule, rather than posterolateral along the long axis as has been thought. Thus, damage along the long axis of the PLIC by linear infarctions can cause pure monoparesis of the leg.     

Reversible diffusion-weighted lesion in a TIA patient without arterial recanalization: a case report

A 70-year-old man with right hemiparesis (NIHSS score 15) was admitted to our hospital 1 h after onset. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) revealed a hyperintense lesion in the left corona radiata and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). At 2.5 h after onset, his neurological deficits dramatically improved (with NIHSS score change from 15 to 2). Immediately thereafter, follow-up MRI revealed that the hyperintense lesion on DWI had disappeared, though the left MCA occlusion remained. By the end of follow-up MRI examination, his neurological deficits had completely disappeared. We report here the patient with transient ischemic attack with a reversible ischemic lesion on DWI without early arterial recanalization.     

Central motor conduction studies in internal capsule and corona radiata infarction

Clinical and evoked-potential studies in internal capsule and corona radiata infarction are lacking. We report the results of a clinical and central motor conduction time (CMCT) study in 16 patients with internal capsule and 17 with computed tomography (CT)-proven corona radiata infarction. Patient’s outcome was defined at the end of 3 months on the basis of the Barthel Index score. Four patients with type A capsular infarction (middle third of posterior limb of internal capsule) all had severe weakness, while 2 also had persistently unrecordable CMCT and poor outcome. Twelve patients with type B internal capsular infarction (genu, anterior limb, anterior or posterior third of posterior limb) had a milder degree of weakness, and CMCT was recordable in 9. At 3 months’ follow-up, however, CMCT was recordable in all 12 patients. All of these patients had a partial (n = 4) or complete (n = 5) recovery. Thirteen patients with type A corona radiata infarction (middle third of corona radiata) had more pronounced weakness, and CMCT was unrecordable in all of these patients except 1 on initial examination. Follow-up after 3 months was possible in 8 patients, and CMCT became recordable in 3. One of these patients had complete, 3 partial, and 4 poor recovery. In type B corona radiata infarction (anterior or posterior third of corona radiata), the clinical signs and CMCT did not follow a regular pattern. Clinical and CMCT abnormalities in internal capsular infarction followed a more predictable pattern compared with those in corona radiata infarction. A less predictable pattern of weakness and CMCT change in corona radiata infarction may be attributed to a less definite organisation of motor pathways compared with the internal capsule. Received: 13 January 1997 Received in revised form: 5 June 1997 Accepted: 27 June 1997     

Isolated acute vertigo in the elderly; vestibular or vascular disease?

Intruduction – - Elderly patients with isolated acute vertigo are commonly encountered in clinical practice, but little is known about the underlying cause of the symptoms. Material & methods – - We prospectively studied 24 patients aged 50–75 years with the acute onset of isolated vertigo lasting > 48 h and no abnormality on neurological examination other than nystagmus. The study protocol included neuro-imaging (MRI 22 patients, CT 2 patients), Doppler sonography, and electro-oculography. Results — MRI/CT showed the presence of an infarction of the caudal cerebellum in six patients (25%), 3 of whom had a potential cardioembolic source and normal Doppler sonography findings, whereas 3 patients had ipsilateral vertebral artery occlusion and normal cardiac findings. MRI of the posterior fossa was normal in 18 patients. On electro-oculography, ataxic pursuit eye movements was a characteristic finding in patients with cerebellar infarction, whereas caloric test findings were not discriminative. Conclusion – - A caudal cerebellar infarction may easily be misdiagnosed clinically as a labyrinthine disorder, and was found to be the cause in one fourth of patients presenting with isolated acute vertigo.     

小脑型分水岭梗死的临床分析和影像学特征

目的 探讨小脑型分水岭梗死临床特点及影像学特征.方法 回顾性分析32例病人的临床、CT和MRI资料.结果 小脑型分水岭梗死临床大多表现为头晕、头昏,头颅MRI、DWI(弥散加权成像技术)检查梗死灶阳性率为100%,行 MRA(磁共振血管成像)检查血管异常阳性率高,经治疗31例恢复良好,1例发展为进展性卒中而死亡.结论 颅内动脉的狭窄、变异和血流动力学改变与小脑型分水岭梗死关系密切,早期行DWI检查可以明确病灶部位,MRA技术可作为颅内血管的初筛检查,积极综合治疗可以改善小脑型分水岭梗死预后.