北京市 3 类职业人群超重肥胖及其影响因素研究

目的 了解北京市3类职业人群超重肥胖流行状况及其影响因素,为职业人群健康干预提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,在北京市选取4个城区,每个城区选择1～2家单位,共选择6家单位,对单位内所有18 ～60岁职工进行调查.职业涉及公务员、科技人员和企业人员3类.结果 共回收有效问卷1898份,问卷有效率为98.8％.调查对象中男性985人（51.9％）,女性898人（47.3％）;公务员1106人（58.3％）,科技人员432人（22.8％）,企业人员360人（19.0％）.调查对象的超重率为29.8％,肥胖率为9.2％.其中,公务员超重率为31.5％,肥胖率为9.0％;科技人员超重率为31.1％,肥胖率为7.4％;企业人员超重率为22.8％,肥胖率为11.8％.不同职业人群超重肥胖的影响因素分析结果显示,公务员人群中,性别（OR=0.697,95％CI：0.502 ～0.936）、年龄（OR=1.042,95％ CI：1.026～1.058）、饮酒（OR=1.499,95％ CI：1.083 ～1.898）和加班频率（OR=0.830,95％ CI：0.697～0.988）是超重肥胖的影响因素;科技人员中,年龄（OR=1.031,95％ CI：1.010～1.053）、吸烟（OR =0.610,95％ CI：0.236 ～1.577）、工作时间（OR=0.641,95％ CI：0.422～0.974）是超重肥胖的影响因素;企业人员中,性别（OR=0.505,95％ CI：0.288 ～0.886）、年龄（OR=1.033,95％ CI：1.008～1.059）、吸烟（OR=1.630,95％ CI：0.605～4.389）是超重肥胖的影响因素.结论 3类职业人群中的超重和肥胖的流行情况不容忽视,开展健康干预活动刻不容缓.     

父母体重和儿童青少年生命早期因素对其超重肥胖的影响

目的 探究儿童青少年超重肥胖的风险与其生命早期因素以及父母体重的关联,为防制儿童青少年超重肥胖提供理论依据。方法 于2022年6月1—30日,采用分层随机整群抽样方法在呼和浩特市抽取5 370名中小学生,使用问卷调查收集信息,并就父母体质量指数(BMI)和儿童青少年生命早期因素对其超重肥胖影响使用多元Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 中小学生超重肥胖率为32.2%,男生超重肥胖率为37.8%,高于女生的26.1%(χ²=84.59,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,仅父亲超重(OR=1.52,95%CI=1.30～1.77)、仅母亲超重(OR=1.61,95%CI=1.31～1.97)、父母均超重(OR=2.42,95%CI=2.03～2.87)的儿童青少年超重肥胖风险较高(P值均<0.01)。高出生体重(OR=1.29,95%CI=1.08～1.55),剖宫产(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.17～1.48),母亲孕期增重过多(OR=1.24,95%CI=1.06～1.46)的儿童青少年超重肥胖风险较高(P值均<...     

2018年深圳市成人肥胖和向心性肥胖现状及影响因素

  目的  了解深圳市成年居民肥胖和向心性肥胖现状及其影响因素。  方法  于2018年在深圳市对常住居民开展慢性病及其危险因素调查,采用多阶段分层随机抽样抽取10 046名常住深圳市成年居民作为调查对象,分析肥胖与向心性肥胖的流行病学特征及影响因素。  结果  调查人群的肥胖率和向心性肥胖率分别为8.65%、38.04%,性别、年龄和吸烟均是影响肥胖率和向心性肥胖的主要因素(均有P＜0.05),男性、中老年人和吸烟是肥胖和向心性肥胖的危险因素(OR=1.411, 95% CI: 1.115~1.725, P=0.001; OR=1.155, 95% CI: 1.010~1.321, P=0.036),中强度职业性体力活动是向心性肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.856, 95% CI: 0.775~0.946, P=0.002)。  结论  虽然深圳市成年居民肥胖、向心性肥胖率略有降低,但仍有改善空间,相关部门应针对性的采取干预措施预防肥胖,尤其是向心性肥胖。     

秦皇岛市成年人超重肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的了解河北省秦皇岛市成年人超重肥胖现状及影响因素,为该市制定超重肥胖防治措施和策略提供参考。方法于2017年4-5月采用多阶段分层整群抽样法选取秦皇岛市2 584名18～79岁成人为调查对象,进行面对面问卷调查。采用标准方法测量身高体重。采用SAS 9.0软件进行χ~2检验、趋势χ~2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果秦皇岛市成年人超重肥胖率为53.2%。不同性别、年龄、婚姻、城乡、文化程度、饮酒情况、吸烟情况和身体锻炼情况的人群超重肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=1.832,95%CI:1.408～2.384)、高年龄(与18～40岁相比,40～65岁人群OR=1.488,95%CI:1.128～1.962,≥65岁人群OR=2.240,95%CI:1.646～3.048)、已婚和离异或丧偶(与未婚者相比,已婚人群OR=1.285,95%CI:1.047～1.576,离异或丧偶者OR=1.336,95%CI:1.018～1.753)、城镇(OR=1.984,95%CI:1.647～2.390)、低文化程度(与大专及以上人群相比,初中及高中人群OR=1.389,95%CI:1.114～1.733,小学及以下人群OR=1.412,95%CI:1.117～1.784)、吸烟(OR=2.727,95%CI:2.267～3.281)、饮酒(OR=2.896,95%CI:2.315～3.624)以及身体锻炼较少(与经常锻炼者比较,偶尔锻炼人群OR=1.425,95%CI:1.023～1.986,从不锻炼人群OR=2.763,95%CI:1.843～4.143)均是超重肥胖的危险因素,均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论秦皇岛市成人超重肥胖患病率较高,应重点针对男性、中老年人、城镇居民、文化程度低、已婚和离异丧偶者、饮酒和吸烟的人群采取措施进行干预。     

齐齐哈尔市城区7～13岁小学生超重肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的了解齐齐哈尔市城区7～13岁小学生超重与肥胖现状及影响因素,为小学生生长发育及营养水平评价提供参考依据。方法于2014年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取齐齐哈尔市城区2 403名7～13岁学生为研究对象。采用"2014年全国学生体质与健康调研学生调查问卷"收集学生超重与肥胖相关行为及因素。采用标准方法测量身高、体重。采用SAS 9.3软件进行t检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果本研究最终纳入分析的有效人数为2 380人。男生超重率为10.6%,肥胖率为17.2%;女生超重率为10.4%,肥胖率为12.6%。男生、女生体质指数(BMI)的P85、P95均表现为随着年龄增加而上升的趋势,且各年龄组男生、女生BMI的P85、P95均高于中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)标准。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男生的超重肥胖率较高(OR=3.16,95%CI:1.97～5.06),家庭作业时间(OR=2.08,95%CI:1.52～2.84)与视屏时间长(OR=4.90,95%CI:2.62～9.18)是超重或肥胖的危险因素;睡眠时间长(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.32～0.72)、早餐情况较好(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.52～0.81)、体育锻炼时间较长(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.32～0.82)、长跑锻炼意愿较强(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41～0.85)、父母对课余时间体育活动持支持态度(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.46～0.82)以及父母参与体育活动意愿较高(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.52～0.91)是保护因素,均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论齐齐哈尔市小学生超重、肥胖形势严峻,主要受个人饮食习惯、生活行为、学业负担、体育锻炼情况以及家庭环境等因素的影响。学校应适当地增加课外体育活动课程,家长应重视对儿童身心的教育,使儿童青少年超重、肥胖得到有效的控制。     

广西城市小学生超重肥胖相关影响因素分析

探讨城市学龄儿童超重肥胖相关影响因素,为制定儿童超重肥胖防制策略提供参考.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取广西4个县(区)6 ~13岁城市小学生3 308名,对其进行身高、体重测量和问卷调查.根据《中国学龄儿童少年超重和肥胖预防与控制指南》(试用)判断是否超重肥胖.采用非条件Logistic回归分析探索超重肥胖相关的生活方式影响因素.结果 小学男生超重率、肥胖率分别为10.91%,6.50%;女生超重率、肥胖率分别为7.15%,4.16%,男、女生超重肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为14.003,8.822,P值均<0.05).男、女生睡眠不足比例分别为9.78%,10.92%.男生正常出生体重是超重/肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.66,95% CI=0.44 ~0.99),体力活动时间不足是危险因素(OR=4.28,95% CI=1.57 ~11.65),女生充足的睡眠是超重/肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.46,95% CI=O.23 ~0.90).结论 出生体重、体力活动时间和睡眠时间是儿童超重肥胖的主要影响因素.家庭、学校、社区联动干预是减少儿童超重/肥胖的重要措施.     

武汉市成年居民超重肥胖流行状况及影响因素

目的了解武汉市成年居民超重肥胖的流行状况及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供参考依据。方法于2016年11—12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法选取武汉市2 629名成年常住居民为调查对象,进行面对面问卷调查,采用标准方法测定身高体重。采用SPSS 22.0进行χ~2检验、趋势χ~2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果武汉市成年居民的超重肥胖率为31.27%。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、体育锻炼情况和饮酒情况的成年居民超重肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。随着年龄的增加,超重肥胖率呈上升趋势;随着文化程度的提高和体育锻炼强度的增加,超重肥胖率均呈下降趋势,均有统计学意义(P0.01)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=1.681,95%CI:1.423～1.986)、文化程度低(与大专或本科及以上人群相比,初中及以下人群OR=1.582,95%CI:1.299～1.927,高中或中专人群OR=1.313,95%CI:1.064～1.621)以及饮酒(OR=1.374,95%CI:1.136～1.661)与成年居民超重肥胖高风险相关,低年龄(与≥65岁相比,18～35岁人群OR=0.411,95%CI:0.312～0.543)和进行体育锻炼(与从不锻炼者相比,经常锻炼人群OR=0.769,95%CI:0.626～0.945,偶尔锻炼人群OR=0.812,95%CI:0.662～0.995)与成年居民超重肥胖低风险相关,均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论武汉市成年居民的超重肥胖状况不容乐观,应加强对男性、文化程度低和饮酒人群的关注和健康指导。     

家庭喂养方式对青少年儿童肥胖的影响

目的分析家庭喂养方式对青少年儿童肥胖的影响。方法采用多级整群抽样方法抽取深圳市龙华新区青少年儿童进行研究,自行设计访谈内容对青少年儿童家长进行访谈调查,并采用标准喂养方式调查问卷调查儿童饮食行为习惯及父母的认知和养育行为情况。结果 5086名青少年儿童中肥胖人数365人(肥胖率为7.18%),其中男童肥胖人数为215人(肥胖率为8.29%),女童肥胖人数为150人(肥胖率为6.01%),不同性别的肥胖率比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=9.921,P=0.002)。Logistic多因素分析结果显示进食速度快(OR=1.089,95%CI:1.043~1.138)、喜欢吃甜的食物(OR=2.461,95%CI:1.419~4.267)、喜欢吃西式快餐(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.284~4.216)与青少年儿童肥胖的发生呈显著正相关(P0.05);而喜欢吃蔬菜类食物(OR=0.628,95%CI:0.437~0.912)、父母对于孩子饮食量的干预(OR=0.298,95%CI:0.109~0.814)、父母对孩子饮食结构的控制(OR=0.387,95%CI:0.216~0.721)与青少年儿童肥胖的发生呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论不良饮食习惯和不恰当的父母认知和养育行为对可引起青少年儿童肥胖。     

上海市大团镇小学生肥胖情况及其影响因素研究

目的了解上海市大团镇小学生肥胖情况及其影响因素。方法选择2014年10-12月收集的148名大团镇小学生作为研究对象,计算小学生肥胖人数,计数资料采用χ2检验,并用Logistic回归研究其影响因素。结果上海市大团镇小学生的超重率12.2%、肥胖率8.8%,男生肥胖率[13.51%(10/74)]高于女生[4.05%(3/74)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.132,P0.05)。不同性别小学生步行上下学的人数差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.156,P0.05)。有时、经常做作业、看电视、用电脑时吃零食(OR=10.000、16.667,CI为1.801~55.526、2.088~133.050)是超重或肥胖的影响因素。结论上海市大团镇小学生的肥胖检出率相对较低,且男生比女生肥胖的要多;喜欢经常吃零食的小学生更容易超重或肥胖。     

男性居民吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症患病关系

目的 探讨男性居民吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症患病的关系。方法 在广东省人群脂肪肝现况调查的基础上,选取成年男性居民,对其吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症关系进行分析。结果 男性居民胆石症的患病率随着每天吸烟量的增加而升高（趋势χ^25.542,P=0.019）,同时随着年吸烟总量的增加而不断升高（趋势χ^27.302,P=0.007）,排除胆石症常见影响因素年龄和肥胖的影响后每天吸烟量以及年吸烟总量仍然是胆石症的危险因素（每天吸烟量OR=1.269,95%CI：1.018～1.580;吸烟总量OR=1.295,95%CI：1.020～1.646）。饮酒与胆石症的关系是少量和适量饮酒（〈40g/d）可降低男性居民的胆石症的发病,但大量饮酒（≥40g/d）反而会刺激胆石症的形成,呈现“V”形分布。排除胆石症常见影响因素年龄和肥胖的影响后,少量和适量饮酒的保护作用仍然存在（OR=0.537,95%CI：0.313～0.920）。每次饮酒量限制在20g内对胆石症的保护作用最强（OR=0.370,95CI：0.145～0.942）。每周饮酒频率不宜超过7次,饮酒年龄不宜过早,饮酒总年数不宜超过35a。结论 不吸烟、少量或适量饮酒可能对减少男性胆石症患病率有重要作用。     

Risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: The 2001 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey

This study aimed to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korea, a rapidly changing country. Data of 5,132 adults aged 20-85 were used from the 2001 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for T2D. Three models were specified: (i) socioeconomic and demographic factors (model 1: age, gender, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) behavioral risk factors and covariates (model 2: obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary quality, family history of T2D, co-morbidity) and (iii) socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors (model 3). The prevalence of T2D was 7.4%. Less education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), age (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.56-3.08 in 40-59 yrs, OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.76-5.95 in 60 yrs + comparing to 20-39 yrs) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.82) were risk factors for T2D even after controlling for other factors simultaneously. There was a significant association of T2D with ever smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). The relationship of age with T2D was modified by gender in model 1 and the relationship of smoking with T2D was modified by obesity in model 2. Less educated, older, obese or ever smokers were more likely to have T2D. Gender mediated the relationship of age, and obesity mediated the relationship of smoking, with T2D. Intervention programs for T2D in Korea should take the interactions among risk factors into account.     

父母超重肥胖与儿童代谢指标异常聚集性的关系

目的 探讨父母超重肥胖与儿童代谢指标异常聚集性的关系,为心血管病危险因素的防控提供科学依据。方法 2017年11月-2018年1月采用方便整群抽样的方法,以山东省淄博市桓台县某所小学作为调查点,将身体测量、问卷调查和血生化检测均完整的1 280名6~11岁儿童作为研究对象。分析父母超重肥胖与儿童代谢指标异常及其聚集性的关系。结果 父母一方和双方均超重肥胖的检出率分别为55.6%和19.8%。儿童代谢指标异常(腹型肥胖、血压偏高)及其聚集性(2项和≥3项代谢指标异常)检出率在父母不同体重状态组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.001)。与父母均体重正常的儿童相比,父母一方超重肥胖儿童存在腹型肥胖(OR＝2.00)和1项代谢指标异常(OR＝1.47)的危险性较高(P<0.05或<0.001),而双方均超重肥胖儿童存在腹型肥胖(OR＝3.08)、血压偏高(OR＝1.74)和代谢异常指标聚集(OR＝1.64~4.60)的危险性更高(P<0.05或<0.001)。结论 父母超重肥胖与儿童腹型肥胖、血压偏高和代谢指标异常聚集性存在关联。这提示应该对有父母超重肥胖史的高危儿童进行重点干预。     

Interactive effects of main genotype, caloric intakes, and smoking status on risk of obesity

The aim of this study was to determine the strong candidate genes increasing susceptibility to obesity among previously reported obesity-related genes in Korean subjects and evaluate gene-environmental interactions in susceptibility to obesity. The study population comprised of 163 adolescents (95 boys and 68 girls) and their parents (97 men and 96 women).We used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis incorporating both the genetic (ADRB2 R16G genotype) and environmental (overeating, smoking status, and parent's obese status) variables. The polymorphisms were genotyped with SNP-ITTM assays using the SNPstream 25KTM System (Orchid Biosciences, New Jersey, USA). Arg16 allele of ADRB2 R16G, smoking and overeating were linked to an increased risk of obesity in adults. CART analysis showed that smoking parents who overate and carried the Arg allele, ADRB2 R16G, had an odds ratio (OR) of 11.7 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.13-64.04) for obesity compared to non-smoking parents who had none of these factors. Among children, the highest risk group for obesity was the overeater with obese parents (OR, 5.20; 95% CI, 1.86-14.53). The results of the study indicate that beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphism may contribute to the development of obesity through gene-environmental interactions. Further replication studies with larger sample size would be needed to confirm our study results.     

The impact of parental smoking on asthma and wheezing. SIDRIA Collaborative Group. Studi Italiani sui Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e l'Ambiente.

To evaluate the impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma and wheezing, we studied two random samples of subjects ages 6-7 and 13-14 years in ten areas of northern and central Italy. Standardized questionnaires were completed by parents of 18,737 children and 21,068 adolescents (response rates, 92.8% and 96.3%, respectively) about their smoking habits and the respiratory health of their children. Adolescents were asked about their respiratory health and personal smoking. We compared two groups of cases with healthy subjects: (1) "current asthma" (children, 5.2%; adolescents, 6.2%) and (2) "current wheezing" not labeled as asthma (children = 4.5%, adolescents = 8.5%). Exposure to smoke of at least one parent increased the relative risk of current asthma among children [odds ratio (OR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.62] and of current wheezing among adolescents (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.07-1.44). Maternal smoking had a stronger effect than paternal smoking. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with current asthma (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.34-1.96) and current wheezing in children (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.06-1.62); the effects were lower among adolescents. Among subjects with a negative history of parental asthma, maternal smoking was associated with current wheezing in both age groups, whereas among those with a positive history of parental asthma it was associated with current asthma in children, but not in adolescents. We estimated that 15% (95% CI = 12-19) of the current asthma cases among children and 11% (95% CI = 8.3-14) of the current wheezing cases among adolescents are attributable to parental smoking in Italy.     

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity by Country,Family Socio-Demographics,and Parental Obesity in Europe: The Feel4Diabetes Study

The Feel4Diabetes study recruited 12,193 children (age: 8.20 ±1.01 years) and their parents from six European countries as part of the broader attempt to prevent type 2 diabetes. The current work collected data pre-intervention to identify the prevalence of childhood obesity by country and describe its association with socio-demographic characteristics and parental obesity status. One in four children were overweight or obese, and one in four families had at least one obese parent. Multivariate logistic regression examined the associations between childhood obesity, family socio-demographics, and parental obesity status. Children had a higher chance of being overweight or obese if they were living in “low income” countries (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.74) and countries “under economic crisis” (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.89, 3.24) compared to “high-income” countries; if their fathers completed fewer than nine years of education (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.54, 3.05) compared to children whose fathers had a higher level (>14 years) of education; and if one (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.62) or both of their parents (OR: 6.83, 95% CI: 5.15, 9.05) were obese. Future childhood obesity prevention-programs should target the whole family while taking into consideration the socioeconomic and weight status of parents. Future research should examine these associations in more countries and in socio-demographically diverse populations in order to facilitate the generalisability of the present study’s findings.     

Potentially protective factors associated with healthful body mass index in adolescents with obese and nonobese parents: a secondary data analysis of the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-1994

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors potentially protective against obesity in 12- to 16-year-olds with one or two obese parents, and those with no obese parents. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. SUBJECTS/SETTING: A nationally representative sample of healthful weight, at-risk, or overweight adolescents with measured heights and weights (n=1,890). Subsamples with any obese parent (body mass index > or =30) and no obese parents (both with body mass index <25) were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Bivariate analyses examined the association of predictor variables (demographics, nutrient intake, and physical activity) on the outcome. Logistic regressions examined the likelihood of being healthful weight. SUDAAN software (release 7.5, 1997, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC) was used to account for the sample design. RESULTS: Overall, 71% of subjects had a healthful weight, 29% were at risk or overweight. Factors associated with healthful weight included having two nonobese parents (odds ratio [OR]=5.4), only father obese (OR=4.9), only mother obese (OR=3.3), higher reading scores (OR=1.02), lower water consumption (OR=1.8), more exercise programs (OR=2.8), and higher energy intake (OR=2.0). For adolescents with any obese parent, factors potentially protective against obesity included being female (OR=2.2), higher household education (OR=1.1), lower water consumption (OR=2.0), and eating breakfast some days (OR=3.1) or everyday (OR=4.0). For adolescents with no obese parents, potentially protective factors included older age (OR=1.2), not having asthma (OR=2.6), more exercise programs (OR=6.1), and higher energy intake (OR=2.9). All P<.05. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeted at adolescents who are at risk because they have parents with obesity should employ a family approach focused on regular breakfast consumption.     

Predictor factors for childhood obesity in a Spanish case-control study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize factors associated with childhood obesity risk related to lifestyle and perinatal life influences (dietary pattern, physical activity, family history of obesity, breast-feeding, sedentary behavior, and birth weight) in a case-control study design. METHODS: Cases were 185 obese (body mass index >97th percentile) children and adolescents (6-18 y old) from the Navarra region of Spain and control subjects were matched by sex and age. Anthropometric data were collected, and a personal interview about lifestyle parameters (dietary patterns, physical activity, family history of obesity, breast-feeding and sedentary behaviors) was performed with each participant. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors of obesity. RESULTS: Leisure time physical activity proved to be a protector factor against obesity (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-0.96), whereas family history of obesity (OR 4.18, 95% CI 2.20-8.62), watching television (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.09-3.77), and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.05-2.89) were associated with a higher obesity risk. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that leisure time physical activity, family history of obesity, watching television, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are important predictive variables for childhood obesity, whereas other factors including breast-feeding, birth weight, and time spent sleeping did not appear to play an important role in the development of childhood obesity.     

北京市怀柔区学龄前儿童肥胖影响因素分析

目的 分析北京市怀柔区3~6岁学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的影响因素,为早期干预提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样、病例对照研究的方法,对396例学龄前儿童进行家长自填问卷调查,Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 父母平均体重肥胖组高于正常组(P＜0.001)。父亲高体重(OR=1.082)、生后6个月采用人工喂养(OR=5.986)、每餐以肉为主(OR=7.979)、强迫儿童进食某种食物(如高能量食物)(OR=4.801)、家长对儿童体重过高预期(OR=6.191)为学龄前儿童肥胖的危险因素;家长控制儿童体重的行为(OR=0.059)为学龄前儿童肥胖的保护因素。结论 学龄前儿童肥胖的发生是多因素相互作用的结果,其中从控制父母体重、鼓励母乳喂养、平衡膳食等方面早期干预,将有益于早期预防儿童肥胖。     

广州市城区小学二年级学生家庭在外就餐频次与学生肥胖的关系

目的 了解广州市城区小学二年级学生的家庭在外就餐现状及其影响因素,并分析其与儿童超重肥胖的关系。方法 抽取广州市12所小学的二年级学生2 206名,进行问卷调查和体格检查。应用logistic回归模型分析家庭在外就餐的影响因素及其与儿童超重肥胖的关系。结果 学生家庭在外就餐≥1次/周者占53.99%。多因素分析显示,独生子女家庭比非独生子女家庭有更高的可能性在外就餐（OR = 1.45,95% CI:1.18～1.78,P＜0.001）。与家庭人均月收入＜5 000元的家庭相比,收入高的家庭在外就餐的可能性更高（家庭人均月收入为5 000～9 999元:OR = 1.60,95% CI:1.21～2.13,P = 0.001;≥10 000元:OR = 2.22,95% CI:1.68～2.94,P＜0.001）。类似,与父母文化程度为高中及以下的家庭相比,父母文化程度为大专或本科的家庭有更高的在外就餐可能性（OR = 1.87,95% CI:1.44～2.43,P＜0.001）。而中等营养知识得分的家长较得分高的家长有减少带孩子外出就餐的倾向（OR = 0.75,95% CI:0.59～0.95,P = 0.016）。此外,家庭在外就餐与儿童超重肥胖风险增高存在统计学关联（OR = 1.31,95% CI:1.03～1.67,P = 0.032）。结论 广州市城区小学二年级学生家庭在外就餐现象较为普遍。独生子女家庭、家庭收入和父母文化程度和营养知识水平是家庭在外就餐的影响因素。家庭在外就餐可能会增加儿童超重肥胖的风险。     

Food insecurity and gender are risk factors for obesity

OBJECTIVE: Examine relationships between adult obesity, childhood overweight, and food insecurity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional retrospective study. SETTING: Community settings in Hartford, Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 200 parents and their 212 children, aged 2-12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adult obesity (Body Mass Index [BMI] > 30), childhood overweight (BMI-for-age > 95(th) percentile), and household food security (U.S. Department of Agriculture module). ANALYSIS: Chi-square tests between weight status and socioeconomic characteristics. Multinomial regression analyses to determine risk factors for adult obesity and childhood overweight. RESULTS: Over half of parents (51%) were obese, and almost one-third of children (31.6%) were overweight. Over half of households were food insecure. Food insecure adults were significantly more likely to be obese as those who were food secure (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.45, p = .02). Being a girl and having an obese parent doubled the likelihood of children being overweight (OR=2.56, P = .01; OR=2.32, P = .03). Children with family incomes below 100% of poverty were half as likely to be overweight as those with higher incomes (OR=.47, P = .05). Food insecurity did not increase odds of childhood overweight. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Obesity prevention programs and policies need to address food insecurity and gender as key risk factors.