新疆胀果甘草化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究中药胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflataBatal.)生产甘草酸后的工业尾料的化学成分,为进一步合理利用这一传统中药资源提供依据。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱、Sepha-dex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定与光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果从胀果甘草药渣的体积分数95%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为甘草查耳酮A(licochalcone A,1)、2′,4,4′-三羟基查耳酮(2′,4,4′-trihydroxychalcone,2)、(-)α,2′,4,4′-四羟基二氢查耳酮((-)α,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone,3)、甘草查耳酮C(licochalcone C,4)、甘草查耳酮D(licochalcone D,5)、刺甘草查耳酮(echinatin,6)、kanzonol E(7)、咖啡酸二十二酯(docosylcaffeate,8)、甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid,9)。结论其中化合物2~5、7~9均为首次从甘草药渣中分离得到,化合物2、3、7、8均为首次从胀果甘草中分离得到。     

甘草药渣化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的 对甘草药渣的化学成分进行研,为甘草资源的再利用提供依据。方法 利用硅胶、聚酰胺柱色谱及反复重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱分析对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定 。结果 分离得到 9 个已知化合物,分别鉴定为白桦酯酸（betulinic acid, 1）、光甘草酮(glabrone, 2)、甘草黄酮 C（licoflavone C, 3）、甘草黄酮 B（licoflavone B, 4）、3-羰基甘草次酸 （3-oxo-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, 5）、芒柄花素（formonoetin, 6）、甘草黄酮 （licoflavone, 7）、β-谷甾醇 （β-sitosterol, 8）、胡萝卜苷 （daucosterol, 9）。结论 化合物 1~6 均为首次从甘草药渣中分离得到,化合物 1、4、5 为首次从胀果甘草中分离得到。     

胀果甘草药渣总黄酮和甘草查尔酮A的制备及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 研究胀果甘草药渣总黄酮和其指标性成分甘草查尔酮A的制备及其体外抗肿瘤活性。方法 利用大孔树脂柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱等方法,制备甘草药渣总黄酮,并结合色谱法和波谱法分离鉴定指标性甘草查尔酮A,应用HPLC法测定了总黄酮中甘草查尔酮A。应用A549、H1792、Calu-1 3种人癌细胞系,采用MTT法和流式细胞术法系统评价甘草药渣总黄酮和甘草查尔酮A的体外抗肿瘤活性和作用机制。结果 制备得到甘草药渣总黄酮,并从中分离鉴定了特征性指标性成分甘草查尔酮A,测定其在甘草药渣总黄酮中质量分数为7.41%。甘草药渣总黄酮和甘草查尔酮A对A549、H1792、Calu-1人癌细胞系均具有显著的抑制活性,可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。经流式细胞术检测,推测其作用机制为诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。结论 甘草查尔酮A为胀果甘草药渣总黄酮发挥体外抗肿瘤活性的有效成分。     

多成分定性及定量结合化学计量学分析胀果甘草主要特征成分

目的 寻找胀果甘草区别于乌拉尔甘草的主要特征成分,为胀果甘草质量控制提供参考.方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)技术对胀果甘草及乌拉尔甘草化学成分进行检测,结合数据分析软件,以主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘法分析(OPLS-DA),对采集的数据进行分析,找出胀果甘草区...     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术的甘草大鼠体内入血成分分析

目的:采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)法分析灌胃给药后甘草提取液在大鼠体内的入血成分。方法:大鼠灌胃给予甘草提取液后,腹主动脉取血,分离血清。采用UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)分析,0.1%甲酸水-0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子源,正、负离子模式下对甘草提取液、给药血清和空白血清进行数据采集。结果:根据色谱峰保留时间及质谱碎片裂解规律,结合文献相关信息,共鉴定出13个入血原型成分,依次为Tachiogroside B、夏佛托苷、7,4'-二羟基黄酮、6″-O-乙酰甘草苷、芒柄花苷、甘草查尔酮B、金圣草(黄)素、异甘草素、芒柄花黄素、皂皮酸、黄宝石羽扇豆素、甘草酸、半甘草异黄酮B,主要为黄酮类、有机酸类、苷类和香豆素类。结论:该研究通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析技术,明确了甘草提取物中含有的13种入血原型成分,为其药效物质基础的研究提供了科学依据。     

甘草及其活性成分抗炎与抗炎机制的研究进展

甘草及其活性成分能提高吞噬细胞的吞噬功能、调节淋巴细胞数量与功能、抑制IgE抗体形成、抗炎症介质及前炎性细胞因子,具有抗炎、抗变态反应的药理活性.甘草黄酮类化合物(异甘草素、异甘草苷、甘草素、甘草查耳酮A、光甘草定、甘草醇等)、甘草多糖和甘草酸是其抗炎、抗变应性炎症的活性成分.其中对异甘草素、甘草查耳酮A和甘草酸的抗炎...     

甘草叶中甘草宁P-3′-甲醚的分离和鉴定

前文连续报道自乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)的干燥叶中分得7个黄酮甙元、7个酚酸和黄酮甙类成分。本文继续报道该植物叶中的两个带有异戊烯基的黄酮类化合物的分离和鉴定,根据化学试验和光谱分析,分别确定结构为3,5,7,4′-四羟基-3′-甲氧基-6-异戊烯基黄酮(Ⅰ)和5,7,3′,4′-四羟基-8-异戊烯基二氢黄酮(Ⅱ)。Ⅰ是新化合物,命名为甘草宁P-3′-甲     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用鉴定黄芩总苷元提取物中黄酮类成分

目的：使用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱（HPLC-Q-TOF/MS）技术,分离鉴定黄芩总苷元提取物中的黄酮类成分,并总结其裂解规律。方法：采用岛津LX-20210330-01 C18（250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸为流动相A,甲醇-乙腈（50∶50）为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,对黄芩总苷元提取物中的黄酮类成分进行分离,利用电喷雾离子化-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱高分辨测定各成分母离子及其子离子的准确质量,结合电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式下的质谱信息和色谱保留时间进行结构鉴定。结果及结论：除了黄芩素和汉黄芩素两个已知成分外,从黄芩总苷元提取物中共鉴定出31种黄酮类成分,包括12种苷类与19种苷元,其中有3个化合物为本研究首次鉴定,并分析归纳了黄酮类成分在电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式下的质谱碎片裂解规律。     

甘草粗提物及其黄酮类成分的抗肿瘤作用

甘草中的黄酮类成分是广谱抗肿瘤活性成分,已发现异甘草素、异甘草苷、甘草查耳酮A、甘草查耳酮E、甘草素、光甘草定、光甘草素和甘草醇等8个黄酮类成分具有抗肿瘤作用,其中对异甘草素抗肿瘤作用的研究最为广泛和深入,可望将其开发成低毒抗癌药。综述了甘草粗提物、甘草黄酮类化合物的抗肿瘤作用。     

新疆甘草总黄酮的提取精制和含量测定

目的对新疆胀果甘草和光果甘草总黄酮进行提取精制,并对总黄酮含量进行比较研究。方法运用超声法提取胀果甘草和光果甘草中的总黄酮,用大孔树脂进行精制,并以芦丁为对照品、紫外分光光度法测定2种甘草总黄酮含量。结果甘草总黄酮在0.01～0.07mg的范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9997;测得总黄酮含量:胀果甘草和光果甘草粗提物中总黄酮含量分别为3.8%和3.5%;而用大孔树脂精制后总黄酮含量分别达35.4%和33.2%。结论新疆甘草黄酮类成分含量较高,其中胀果甘草总黄酮含量略高于光果甘草中的总黄酮;用大孔树脂法精制可明显提高总黄酮含量。     

基于网络药理学、分子对接及分子动力学模拟探讨甘草查尔酮A治疗阿尔茨海默病的作用机制研究

目的 从分子层面探讨甘草查尔酮A治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）的作用机制。方法 通过TCMSP、PharmMapper、SwissTargetPrediction、CTD及DisGeNET等数据库检索出甘草查尔酮A的作用靶点及其与AD相关的靶点的交集。利用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件的ClueGO功能对交集蛋白作KEGG通路富集分析。最终通过分子对接及分子动力学模拟方法从分子层面研究甘草查尔酮A作用于AD相关靶点的结合位点及结合能力。结果 甘草查尔酮A的作用靶点有128个,其中与AD相关的靶点112个,这些靶点涉及信号通路33条,包括MicroRNAs in cancer、Serotonergic synapse及Cell cycle等,从而构建出靶蛋白蛋白相互作用（PPI）、单一成分-靶点-生物学通路网络。分子对接及分子动力学模拟结果显示,甘草查尔酮A与PPI网络图中度值最高的20个靶蛋白均能很好地结合,其中结合性最好的3个靶蛋白分别为视网膜母细胞瘤相关蛋白、环氧合酶2和丁酰胆碱酯酶。结论 从分子层面对甘草查尔酮A治疗AD作用机制进行初步探讨,揭示潜在的生物学机制,为其应用提供理论依据。     

RP-HPLC测定4，5，2’-三吗啉酰氧基-2，5'-二氯二苯甲酮原料药的含量及有关物质

目的 建立测定原料药4,5,2''-三吗啉酰氧基-2,5''-二氯二苯甲酮（LF1）的含量及有关物质的RP-HPLC方法。方法 采用Diamonsil C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-磷酸水（60：40,pH3.0）为流动相,检测波长230 nm,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温25℃。结果 主峰与杂质峰分离良好,LF1和杂质A分别在质量浓度1.0~100（r=0.999 8）和0.2~2.4 mg/L （r=0.999 6）线性关系良好,最低检测限分别为1和2 ng/mL,平均回收率分别为100.7%和102.0%。结论 本法简便、快速、准确,可用于LF1原料药的含量及有关物质的测定。     

Effects of local anesthetics on calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase in the plasma membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis

A highly purified preparation of Tetrahymena calmodulin activated a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase by more than 40-fold. This activation of guanylate cyclase by calmodulin was inhibited completely by local anesthetics such as dibucaine, tetracaine, lidocaine and procaine at concentrations that had no appreciable effect on the activities of basal guanylate cyclase (without calmodulin) and adenylate cyclase. The inhibition by dibucaine of calmodulin-mediated activation of the enzyme activity was not reversed by calcium but was partially overcome by increasing the concentration of calmodulin. Kinetic analysis of local anesthetic-induced inhibition of activation of guanylate cyclase demonstrated a mixed type of antagonism. These results suggest the possibility that the inhibition of calmodulin-dependent guanylate cyclase resulted, in part, from interaction of the drugs with calmodulin.     

2',4'-二羟基-3'-甲基-3-甲氧基查耳酮上调p21抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的生长

目的 探讨2'',4''-二羟基-3''-甲基-3-甲氧基查耳酮(C20)对人肝癌HepG2细胞的体外抗肿瘤作用及其潜在的作用机制。方法 通过CCK-8法、集落形成实验、5-乙炔基-2''-脱氧尿苷(EdU)染色法检测C20对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的影响;通过彗星实验检测C20(10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞DNA损伤的影响;通过流式细胞术检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞周期阻滞的影响;通过Hoechst染色和流式细胞术检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响。借助Western blotting法检测C20(5、10 μmol·L^-1)处理对HepG2细胞中与凋亡、DNA损伤、细胞周期阻滞相关蛋白表达水平的调控作用。结果 与对照组比较,C20显著抑制HepG2细胞的活力(P<0.001),给药48 h的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为7.937 μmol·L^-1;5 μmol·L^-1 C20能够显著抑制HepG2细胞的集落形成能力(P<0.01);EdU染色结果显示5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20能够抑制人肝癌HepG2细胞的增殖能力;5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著诱导HepG2细胞G₂/M期阻滞(P<0.001);5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著促进HepG2细胞凋亡(P<0.001),并显著上调Caspas-3、Caspase-9以及PARP的剪切水平(P<0.01);10 μmol·L^-1的C20能够诱导HepG2细胞发生DNA损伤,并且5、10 μmol·L^-1的C20显著上调γH2AX、p21的蛋白水平(P<0.01)。结论 C20能够造成HepG2细胞发生DNA损伤,上调p21蛋白水平,导致细胞G₂/M期阻滞,并进一步诱发凋亡,发挥体外抗肝癌作用。     

Structural analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine as substrates and inhibitors of 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and as inhibitors of human lymphocyte transformation

5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) phosphorylase was purified 13.4-fold from human peripheral lymphocytes. The enzyme demonstrated normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km values of 26 microM and 7.5 mM for the two substrates, MTA and phosphate, respectively. The rate of MTA degradation was temperature dependent, 47 degrees being the optimum temperature. Five structural analogs served as alternative substrates with Km values ranging from 31 to 53 microM while two compounds, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthiotubercidin (MTT) (Ki = 31 microM) and adenine (Ki = 172 microM), were inhibitory. These same analogs were examined as inhibitors of mitogen-induced human lymphocyte blastogenesis. MTT was found to be the most effective inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation with an I50 of 80 microM.     

Stimulatory effect of ionophores on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in human mononuclear leukocytes

Ionophores A23187 and bromo-lasalocid ethanolate enhanced the cyclic AMP content in human mononuclear leukocytes. The maximum effect of A23187 with a 10-min incubation was found with 0.3–1.0μM concentrations with or without l-isoproterenol (1 μM) or prostaglandin E ₁ (pge ₁) (0.3 μM). The maximum effect after 5 min of incubation at 37° was observed with 0.05, 0.2 and 1 μm A23187. The effect of ionophore A23187 was enhanced by both aminophylline (1 mM) and isobutyl-methylxanthine (1 mM). Calcium (1 mM). aspirin (1 mM) and indomethacin (100 μM) decreased the stimulatory action of A23187. Bromo-lasalocid ethanolate increased cyclic AMP content in cells maximally at a 3 μM concentration with or without 0.3 μM pge ₁.     

HPLC测定当归中1-(3',4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopentane-2,3-diol的含量

目的 建立HPLC测定当归中1-（3'',4''-dihydroxycinnamoyl）-cyclopentane-2,3-diol含量的方法。方法 采用Inertsil ODS-3 C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.05%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为325 nm,柱温为30℃。结果 1-（3'',4''-dihydroxycinnamoyl）-cyclopentane-2,3-diol进样量在0.023 36~1.168 0 μg（r=1.000 0）内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为95.33%,RSD为1.88%。结论 该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可为当归药材的质量控制提供参考。     

Effects of phenothiazines on the membrane-bound guanylate and adenylate cyclase in tetrahymena pyriformis

The particulate-bound guanylate cyclase activity of Tetrahymena pyriformis was shown previously to be Ca²⁺-dependent and to be activated by an endogenous calmodulin-like protein (Tetrahymena Ca²⁺-binding protein, TCBP) [S. Nagao, Y. Suzuki, Y. Watanabe and Y. Nozawa, Biochem. biophys. Res. Commum.90, 261 (1979)]. Phenothiazine derivatives, such as chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine, that interact with calmodulin were found to inhibit the Ca²⁺-dependent guanylate cyclase activity and the TCBP-induced activation of the guanylate cyclase activity. Ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a Ca²⁺ chelator, also inhibited the activation of guanylate cyclase. However, the mechanisms by which EGTA and trifluoperazine act were different. The EGTA-induced inhibition could not be overcome by increasing the concentration of TCBP, whereas the trifluoperazine-induced inhibition could be overcome by increasing the concentration of TCBP, but not by increasing the concentration of Ca²⁺. These findings suggest that the mechanism by which trifluoperazine inhibits the activation of guanylate cyclase involves competition with TCBP.     

Increased thymidylate synthetase in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine resistant cultured hepatoma cells

A FdUrd resistant line of cultured mouse hepatoma cells has been obtained. The resistant cell line had 6- to 10-fold higher levels of thymidylate synthetase, but dihydrofolate reductase and thymidine kinase were unchanged. No impairment of FdUrd incorporation by the resistant cell line could be detected. The increased thymidylate synthetase in resistant cells had the same turnover number and I₅₀ for FdUMP as the enzyme found in sensitive cells, making it unlikely that a new gene product had been obtained. Sensitive cells could be completely rescued by the addition of thymidine, suggesting that the primary mode of drug action is to diminish thymidine metabolites. Resistant cells, removed from FdUrd for several generations, did not proliferate immediately upon reintroduction of the drug; however, loss of sensitivity was much more rapid than upon initial exposure. These results are interpreted in terms of a mechanism for resistance.     

Age related changes in cardiac and aortic phosphodiesterase activities in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

The activities of cAMP¹ and cGMP phosphodiesterase were studied in the aorta (freed of adventitia layer) and in the heart (ventricles) of normotensive and mincralocorticoid hypertensive rats of 8 or 16 weeks of age. The enzyme activities were determined at low (1 μM) and high (100 μM) substrate concentrations. The changes in activity were compared to the changes in organ weight, protein and DNA content. The increase in organ weight that occurred with both age and hypertensive treatment corresponded mostly to a marked elevation in protein content in the aorta, but not in the heart, where the DNA content increased without any significant variation in protein content. In both tissues. eGMP phosphodiesterase activity measured at low substrate concentration was sensitive to endogenous Ca²⁺-dependent activation and markedly increased with age. This increase was proportionally larger than the variations in DNA content of the tissues, but lower than those of total protein in the aorta. It could not be ascribed to an increase in the activator content of the tissues, which was in excess. By contrast. cGMP phosphodiesterase activity measured at high substrate concentration and cAMP phosphodiesterase activity, measured at either substrate concentration, were not sensitive to the Ca²⁺-dependent activation and did not undergo large changes with age except for a significant decrease in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity at high substrate concentration per mg heart cytosol protein. No relationship could be found between the elevation of blood pressure, due to age or to the influence of the mineralocorticoid treatment, and phosphodiesterase activities, which varied in a similar manner in control and hypertensive rats. The results are consistent with the view that a cGMP phosphodiesterase. which is sensitive to Ca²⁺-dependent endogenous activation, increases in aorta and heart cells with the age of the rat.