人体T细胞CD_8~+VV~+亚群在活动性SLE患者中显示反抑制活性

反抑制T 细胞(TCS)借助T 辅助细胞对抗T 抑制细胞的抑制效应,参与免疫调节。小鼠和人体的TCS 都表达长绒毛野豌豆凝集素受体(VV—R)。人体TCS 则主要是CD_8~+VV~+T 亚群,和临床多种疾病免疫功能异常密切相关。本文用抗VV 抗体单色和双色免疫荧光法和流式法细胞术(FCM)测知正常人VV~+T 亚群的比例是16.6±2.9%。用FCM 双色免疫荧光法检测到活动期SLE 患者CD_8VV~+亚群百分比高达23.63%和对照组(8.50%)及稳定期(14.49%)相比差异显著。然而CD_4~+VV~+亚群在三组SLE 中基本不变。进一步深入分析是做有关CD_8VV~+T 细胞亚群的功能测定,证实活动性SLE 患者VV~+T 细胞具有比正常个体高得多的反抑制活性,相对反应值从100%提高到485%和625%。提示CD_(?)VV~+细胞和SLE 免疫调节功能紊乱密切相关。     

SLE免疫调节功能紊乱的机理——T细胞亚群失衡和抗淋巴细胞抗体的作用

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是非器官特异的自身免疫性疾病。近年来发现SLE的发病是由于患者免疫调节功能紊乱导致多种自身抗体形成和多器官损害。其中抗淋巴细胞抗体又与某类免疫调节细胞的缺失或异常有关,如CD4和CD8表型细胞的缺失或异常导致CD4~+/CD8~+细胞比例失调,HLA-DR~+CD4~+辅助/诱导T细胞选择性增加和CD4~+2H4~+和CD4~+4B4~+T细胞亚群的变化以及带CD8~+VV~+表型的反抑制T细胞(Tcs)增加导致免疫抑制功能减退,B细胞功能亢进,从而更促使自身抗体的产生;抗淋巴细胞抗体又与免疫系统的无能有关,如它能抑制T细胞的增殖和淋巴因子的诱导。因此,SLE免疫调节功能紊乱可能是由于T细胞亚群失衡和抗淋巴细胞抗体所引起。     

共刺激分子B7-H1转染角朊细胞对T细胞增殖、细胞因子分泌和表面标记的作用

分析B7 H1共刺激分子阳性细胞激活的T细胞亚群表面标志和细胞因子分泌格局的变化 ,初步鉴定所诱导具有调节功能的人体T细胞亚群生物学特性。用抗CD3、CD2 8抗体分别作为第一和第二信号的来源 ,建立了T细胞体外增殖体系 ,引入B7 H1阳性A4 31细胞。结果表明B7 H1阳性A4 31细胞提供第二信号并加入抗CD3分子时 ,引起纯化的T细胞中等程度增殖 ,IL 10和TGF β升高 ,CD4 5RBlowT细胞亚群比例增加。而在阳性对照组 (同时加抗CD3和抗CD2 8抗体 )可见T细胞高度增殖 ,此时再加入B7 H1阳性A4 31细胞 ,增殖反应受到抑制 ,加入B7 H1封闭型单抗 ,抑制缓解。认为B7 H1阳性A4 31细胞具有双向效应 :当CD2 8不参与共刺激时 ,由B7 H1发挥共刺激作用 ,协同抗CD3抗体引起T细胞增殖 ;一旦T细胞从抗CD3和抗CD2 8抗体获得第一和第二信号出现高度增殖时 ,B7 H1阳性A4 31细胞发挥抑制作用。B7 H1阳性A4 31细胞提供第二信号的T细胞增殖 ,含有呈现典型Tr1细胞表型。针对增殖性T细胞应答 (如移植排斥 ) ,表达B7 H1的非专职性抗原递呈细胞KC ,可选择性诱导人体调节性T细胞 (Tr1)的分化 ,发挥负向调节作用。     

天花粉蛋白合成肽通过激活抑制性CD8~+ T细胞诱导免疫抑制

为了探讨天花粉蛋白合成肽(M-Tk)诱导免疫抑制的机制,应用小鼠针对可溶性抗原OVA的增殖系统,检测M-Tk处理后对淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用和细胞因子格局的变化,以及M-Tk激活的T淋巴细胞亚群的表型及功能。结果表明,M-Tk可诱导一群CD8+ T抑制性细胞,其表型为CD8+CD28-CTLA4+,采用双层非接触共培养系统发现,该群抑制性细胞主要依赖于细胞因子IL-10、IL-4和细胞间接触发挥免疫抑制作用。     

正常和荷瘤小鼠脾中VV~+细胞的反抑制功能

应用长柔毛野豌豆凝集素(VVL)粘附法,从小鼠脾中分离出对VVL有结合特异性的细胞(VV~+细胞)。VV~+细胞的表型确定为Thy1,2~+,Lyt2~-和L_3T~-_4。功能检测结果表明,VV~+细胞可消除或削弱Ts细胞介导的抑制作用。据此判定,VV~+细胞中富含反抑制T细胞(Tcs细胞)。小鼠在移植肿瘤后,其脾中VV~+细胞水平及其反抑制活性,均显著降低。结果提示,抑制和反抑制调节平衡的失常,可能是导致肿瘤宿主低免疫状态的原因之一。     

同种异基因成骨细胞对混合淋巴细胞反应体系中T细胞的免疫抑制

背景：由同种异基因骨髓间充质干细胞诱导的成骨细胞移植免疫反应各家报道不一致,差别明显。 目的：体外观察由骨髓间充质干细胞诱导而成的成骨细胞对T细胞的免疫调节作用及特点。 方法：用Ficoll-Hypaque梯度密度离心法分离出兔骨髓单个核细胞,体外扩增,获取第3代细胞,经典化学方法诱导为成骨细胞,将其按照不同的比例加入到T细胞形成双向混合淋巴细胞培养体系中,在第3,5,7天,用MTT比色法检测各组混合淋巴细胞培养体系中的T细胞增殖情况,24 h后用流式细胞仪分析各组T细胞亚群凋亡情况。 结果与结论：诱导后成骨细胞混合淋巴细胞培养体系中,成骨细胞对T细胞的增殖有抑制作用,在一定范围内,抑制作用具有量效关系。诱导后成骨细胞剂量大,时间延长,抑制程度增强;3次平均抑制率相比：1∶20组低于1∶80组(P < 0.01);1∶40组低于1∶80组(P < 0.05);诱导后成骨细胞能引起T细胞亚群凋亡,其中CD4⁺(凋亡率8.57%)亚群不如CD8⁺(凋亡率15.31%)细胞亚群凋亡显著(P < 0.01)。结果显示诱导的成骨细胞在体外能够通过细胞凋亡途径抑制T细胞的增殖,特别是CD8⁺。但这种抑制不是特别强,表明诱导的成骨细胞虽有一定的免疫性,但其免疫性较低。     

利用延时刺激法检测IL—2活性机理的初步探讨

以PBL为实验对象,观察了延时刺激产生IL-2生物活性与T细胞亚类变化的关系。结果表明:延时后T细胞表面标志CD8的含量明显减少,CD8~+细胞亚群减少,CD8与CD4比值及CD8~+细胞与CD4~+细胞比值均较延时前降低;延时刺激后CD8~+细胞群体的增殖也较非延时刺激组低,并且,延时刺激对IL-2产生活性的影响与T细胞亚群的变化相一致。     

急性髓细胞白血病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的特征及临床意义

目的通过检测急性髓细胞白血病患者外周血各淋巴细胞亚群的分布,探讨该类患者免疫功能状况。方法通过流式细胞术检测健康对照组(n=20)、急性髓细胞白血病初发患者(n=31)及完全缓解期患者(n=31)外周血中CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、TCRγδ+T细胞、CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)、CD16+CD56+NK细胞比例;通过细胞杀伤实验分析NK细胞和γδT细胞的杀伤活性以及与Treg的关系。结果与对照组相比,初发白血病患者和完全缓解患者外周血中CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞比例无明显差异,但CD4+CD25+Treg比例明显增高,TCRγδ+T细胞和CD16+CD56+NK细胞比例明显下降。初发病患者NK细胞和γδT细胞具有杀伤活性,但Treg能明显抑制其杀伤活性。结论急性髓细胞白血病患者外周血γδT和NK细胞虽具有杀伤功能,但比例明显下降,Treg对其杀伤功能具有抑制作用。     

HIV感染对机体MDSC细胞分化及其免疫抑制功能的影响

骨髓源性抑制细胞是一群具有免疫抑制作用的异质性细胞,HIV感染后的机体免疫系统异常调节可能与MDSC有关。因此,我们采用流式细胞分析检测HIV感染者及健康人群外周血MDSC亚群及细胞内精氨酸酶(Arg1)的表达,分析比较MDSC亚群及细胞内Arg1在以上两组间的差异;并通过HIV感染者血清与健康人外周血单个核细胞体外共培养方法,5d后观察HIV感染者血清对健康人MDSC的诱导与分化;采用免疫磁珠分选的方法分选HIV阳性血清诱导的MDSC,与CFSE标记的CD8+T淋巴细胞以2∶1的比例在CD3/CD28免疫磁珠的诱导下体外共培养3d,流式细胞仪检测共培养前后CD8~+T淋巴细胞在培养体系所占比例及CFSE荧光强度的改变。结果显示,与健康人外周血MDSC亚群比较,HIV感染者Lin~-HLA-DR~-CD33~+CD11b~+CD14~+标记的M-MDSC有显著统计学差异(P=0.01);HIV感染者M-MDSC细胞内Arg1的水平呈现高表达(23.1±9.3)%,与G-MDSC细胞内Arg1的水平比较(4.7±1.3)%,具有显著性差异(P=0.00);HIV阳性血清与健康人单个核细胞共培养后,M-MDSC的亚群高于培养前(P=0.008);HIV诱导的MDSC与CFSE标记的CD8~+T淋巴细胞在CD3/CD28刺激后,CD8~+T淋巴细胞在培养体系中所占比例低于单纯的CD3/CD28诱导组(43.7%±6.7%,64.7%±8.2%;P0.05),CFSE荧光强度的改变亦低于单纯的CD3/CD28诱导组。以上结果提示我们,HIV患者外周血MDSC亚群以M-MDSC为主;Arg1是M-MDSC发挥免疫抑制作用的重要途径;HIV阳性血清可诱导MDSC向M-MDSC方向分化,且HIV诱导后的MDSC抑制CD8~+T淋巴细胞的增殖。     

肺结核BAL液中升高的CD14水平

检测了12例求治疗的活动肺结核病人和12例没有呼吸道感染的、健康的支气管肺泡准洗液（BAL）中可溶性CD14（sCD14），T细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞，HLA－DR+T淋巴细胞。检测方法：用T细胞单抗检测T细胞亚群、CD57和HLA－DR，T淋巴细胞酶联免疫法检测sCD14。检测结果T细胞亚群；CD3+病人为88±2％，对照组为85±3％，CD4+矿病人为65±5％，对照组为63±4％，CD8+病人为33±5％，对照组病人33±4％，CD57＋（Leu7+）病人为4±1％．对照组为4±1％，CD4／CD8比值病人为2．8±0．7，对照组为2．2±0．3。结核病人检测结果与对照组…     

Evidence of cell-mediated immune contrasuppression in lepromatous leprosy: modulation of a putative T contrasuppressor cell-subset.

Some lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients are characterized by the presence of activated suppressor T cells that specifically inhibit the immune response to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. Immune contrasuppressor (CS) cell activity antagonize suppressor function. Whereas the former function has been extensively studied in leprosy, the latter has not been explored. We studied the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of 20 patients with leprosy (10 lepromatous and 10 tuberculoid) and six healthy contacts. We found CS-like activity in the PBMNC from some LL patients when assayed in vitro using lepromin as antigen. This CS-like function was found in CD8+, vicia villosa adherent (VV+) T cells. CS-like activity was not detected in PBMNC from either tuberculoid patients or healthy contacts. Pre-treatment of CD8+, VV+ cells with either recombinant IL-2 (5 u/ml) or recombinant interferon-gamma (1,000 u/ml) did not modify significantly their putative CS function. However, in 50% of lepromatous patients the pre-incubation of CD8+, VV+ cells with both lymphokines together increased significantly the CS-like activity. These data suggest that the in vitro immune response to M. leprae in some LL patients can be augmented by either modifying numerically the contrasuppressor T cells or activating them with lymphokines.     

Characterization of human T8+ suppressor and contrasuppressor cells, separated by the lectin Vicia villosa.

The helper function of human T4+ cells acting on autologous B cells, in the presence of monocyte-enriched cells (MEC), has been studied using the hapten-carrier conjugate DNP-streptococcal antigen (DNP-SA). The antibody response can be suppressed by T8+ cells, but selection of a Vicia villosa lectin-non-adherent (T8VV-) subset enhances the suppressor function. The T8 Vicia villosa lectin-adherent (T8VV+) cells are not suppressive, rather they inhibit the T8VV- cell suppressor function. Sequential reconstitution studies suggest that the target of both T8VV- suppressor-cell and T8VV+ contrasuppressor activity is the T4 helper-inducer cell. This was established after the separation of T4+ cells into Leu 8- helper- and Leu 8+ suppressor-inducer cells. Activation of T8VV- and T8VV+ cells with antigen before reconstitution with fresh lymphocytes and MEC suggests that T8VV- suppressor activity is antigen specific, whereas T8VV+ cell contrasuppressor function is non-specific. We suggest that the human T8+ cells are functionally heterogeneous and consist not only of suppressor and cytotoxic cells but also contrasuppressor cells.     

T lymphocyte subsets, suppressor and contrasuppressor cell functions, and production of interleukin-2 in the peripheral blood of rheumatic fever patients and their apparently healthy siblings

We studied CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, suppressor cell function, production of IL-2, and immune contrasuppressor cell activity in 21 patients with rheumatic fever (RF), both at the time of their first acute episode and 3 months later (recovery phase). As controls we studied their healthy sibling nearest in age, as well as age- and sex-matched unrelated normal subjects. In the acute phase we found CD4+ T cells to be high, concanavalin A-induced suppression to be low, and production of IL-2 to be significantly decreased, as compared to the normal unrelated controls. The addition of contrasuppressor cells (VV+) to cell cocultures resulted in an increase in proliferation by mononuclear cells (MNC) in response to streptococcal M antigen but not to C carbohydrate antigen. In the recovery phase, CD4+ T cells became normal, CD8+ T cells rose above normal, and the suppressor cell functions (concanavalin-A-induced and spontaneously expanded), as well as the production of IL-2, fell further. Siblings were found to have increased CD8+ T cells and decreased production of IL-2, as compared to the unrelated controls. These findings indicate that important immunoregulatory disturbances occur during the acute phase of rheumatic fever, some of which persist, accentuate, or change during the recovery phase. The findings in siblings could be related either to streptococcal infection or to a familial immunoregulatory aberration.     

Reconfiguration of NKT Cell Subset Compartment Is Associated with Plaque Development in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis

Accumulating evidence shows that immune cells play an important role in carotid atherosclerotic plaque development. In this study, we assessed the association of 6 different natural killer T (NKT) cell subsets, based on CD57 and CD8 expression, with risk for development of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP). Molecular expression by peripheral NKT cells was evaluated in 13 patients with high-risk CAP and control without carotid stenosis (n?=?18). High-risk CAP patients, compared with healthy subjects, had less percentage of CD57+CD8? NKT cell subsets (8.64?±?10.15 versus 19.62?±?10.8 %; P?=?0.01) and CD57+CD8int NKT cell subsets (4.32?±?3.04 versus 11.87?±?8.56 %; P?=?0.002), with a corresponding increase in the CD57?CD8high NKT cell subsets (33.22?±?11.87 versus 18.66?±?13.68 %; P?=?0.007). Intracellular cytokine staining showed that CD8+ NKT cell subset was the main cytokine-producing NKT cell. Cytokine production in plasma was measured with Bio-Plex assay. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ, IL-17, IP-10) were significantly higher in CAP patients as compared to that from controls. These data provide evidence that NKT cell subset compartment reconfiguration in patients with carotid stenosis seems to be associated with the occurrence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and suggest that both pathogenic and protective NKT cell subsets exist.     

Non-antigen specific CD8+ T suppressor lymphocytes

Abstract. The homeostasis of peripheral immune system function is maintained by the activity of regulatory lymphocytes. Among these cells, a subset of CD8+CD28- T suppressor lymphocytes has recently been characterized for the capacity to mediate their effects without antigen restriction. These non-antigen-specific CD8+ T suppressor lymphocytes originate from circulating CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes after stimulation with interleukin-2 and interleukin- 10. CD8+ suppressor cells inhibit both antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and cellular cytoxicity through secretion of cytokines such as interferon-, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10. The function of CD8+ suppressor cells is impaired in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in relapse as well as in patients with systemic sclerosis with disease progression, suggesting the involvement of CD8+ suppressor cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, CD8+ suppressor cells have been found among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which could be related to tumor-induced-immunosuppression. Failure to generate CD8+ suppressor cells from the peripheral blood is frequently observed in HIV-infected patients. It remains to be clarified whether this phenomenon is due to depletion and/or functional impairment of this cell subset or to their compartmentalization in peripheral tissues and immunocompetent organs where they could contribute to the induction of immunodeficiency.     

重症肌无力患者外周血中CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞的变化及意义

研究CD4 + CD2 5 + 调节性T细胞在重症肌无力 (MG )发病中的作用。本文采用三色流式细胞术对 2 9例MG患者和 2 3例健康对照者外周血中CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞 (CD3+ CD4 + CD2 5 + )的百分率进行测定。结果显示病情未能很好控制的MG患者外周血CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞比率略低于健康对照组 (分别为 3 79%± 1 4 0 %、 4 5 3%± 0 96 % ,P =0 12 ) ,病情稳定或缓解的MG患者CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞比率 (8 4 5 %± 1 96 % )显著高于健康对照组 (P =0 0 0 0 1) ;胸腺切除的MG患者CD4 + CD2 5 + T细胞比率 (8 4 4 %± 2 39% )显著高于非胸腺切除的MG患者 (5 88%± 2 89% ,P =0 0 38)和健康对照组 (4 5 3%± 0 96 % ,P =0 0 0 3)。提示MG患者外周血中存在异常比例的CD4 + CD2 5 + 调节性T细胞 ,可能参与疾病的发生与发展。     

Immunohistological relation between DR antigen expression on melanoma cells and infiltration by CD8+ T cells

Previous studies have suggested that class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigen expression on melanoma cells may influence immune responses against melanoma and the nature of lymphocytic infiltrates against the tumor. This question was examined further by immunoperoxidase studies on sections from 29 primary and 30 metastatic melanoma with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against different lymphocyte subsets. The results indicated that expression of MHC class II DR* antigens on melanoma cells was associated with increased overall lymphocytic infiltration and that this applied particularly to the CD8+ subset of T cells. The CR3 receptor (CD 11b) was expressed predominantly on T cells and not macrophages but infiltration by CD11b+ cells did not correlate strongly with DR expression on melanoma cells. Dual staining with MAbs to CD8 and CD11b revealed that, whereas most of the CD8+ cells in DR- primary melanoma and DR+ metastatic melanoma were CD11b+, only approximately 50% of the CD8+ cells in DR+ primary melanoma were also CD11b+. Expression of CD11b on T cells was reported to define a suppressor subset of T cells. If the latter is correct the present results suggest that DR expression on primary melanoma is associated with infiltration by the cytotoxic T cell subset, whereas in the absence of DR antigens and in metastases this subset is absent and the predominant subset appears to be CD8+ CD11b+ T cells with suppressor activity. The biologic and prognostic significance of these findings remains to be determined.     

CD3~+CD56~+NKT细胞与Vα24~+iNKT细胞的检测及其表型特点分析

为了比较CD3+CD56+NKT细胞与CD3+TCRVα24+iNKT细胞在外周血淋巴细胞中的相对比例及其表面分子表达的差别,本研究采集了健康人外周全血,用四色荧光抗体染色和流式细胞术检测CD3+CD56+NKT细胞和CD3+TCRVα24+iNKT细胞在淋巴细胞中的比例,及其亚群表型及活化分子CD69的表达情况。检测结果表明,在正常人外周血淋巴细胞中CD3+CD56+NKT细胞所占比例为3.90%±2.89%,以CD8亚群占多数(57.61%±17.35%);而CD3+TCRVα24+iNKT细胞所占比例仅为0.39%±0.19%,且以CD4亚群占多数(56.60%±19.66%)。两种NKT细胞的相对数量之间存在显著正相关(r=0.467,P<0.05),但两类细胞之间极少重叠。CD16和CD161在CD3+CD56+NKT细胞上的表达量显著高于在CD3+TCRVα24+iNKT细胞上的表达量(P均<0.01)。活化分子CD69在两种细胞上的表达量均较低(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明,正常人外周血CD3+CD56+NKT细胞与CD3+TCRVα24+iNKT细胞在相对数量、亚群及表型上存在显著差异,是两种截然不同的NKT细胞。     

慢性乙肝病人外周血T细胞表面HLA-DR抗原的表达

本文采用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法,对15个慢性活动性肝炎病人以及1对照者外周血中T淋巴细胞膜表面的HLA-DR表达进行了测定。结果是慢性乙型活动性人外周血中的TDR~+细胞的百分率明显高于正常对照(P<0.001),并且增高的T细胞是以性细胞为主。     

Separation and characterization of a subset of human T8+ cells which function as antigen-presenting and contrasuppressor cells.

The lectin Vicia villosa (VV) binds preferentially a subset of T cells. Separated VV-adherent cells (AC) do not generate helper function alone, but when added to VV-non-adherent cells (NAC), they can present streptococcal antigen (SA) and induce helper function as effectively as monocytes, at a ratio of 1 VV-AC to 4 VV-NAC. Further separation into a T8+ subset of VV-AC and reconstitution with T4+ helper cells (HC) has established that the T8+ VV-AC induces T4+ cells to helper activity. However, in addition to antigen presentation, the T8+ subset of VV-AC has a contrasuppressor function, for it can prevent T8+ suppressor cells from inhibiting T4+ HC function. The results suggest that a T8+ subset can present antigen to T4+ HC, activate helper function and prevent suppression. The T8+ VV-AC may have considerable biological significance in its dual function of countering the dominant suppressor activity and presenting antigen to induce helper activity.