连续血液净化和胸腺肽α1对严重脓毒症细胞免疫和预后的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨连续血液净化(CBP)、胸腺肽α1单用及联用对严重脓毒症患者细胞免疫功能及预后的影响.方法 选择2004年6月-2007年10月收住重症监护病房(ICU)年龄>18岁、Marshall评分>5分严重脓毒症患者91例,随机分为血液净化组(22例)、胸腺肽组(23例)、联合组(22例)和对照组(24例).血液净化组连续3 d应用连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)或分子吸附再循环系统(MARS)治疗,同时给予经典"拯救脓毒症战役"(SSC)指南治疗方案;胸腺肽组皮下注射胸腺肽α1 1.6 mg/d,连续7 d,同时给予经典SSC指南方案治疗;联合组联合应用血液净化组和胸腺肽组治疗方案;对照组给予经典SSC指南方案治疗.于治疗前及治疗后3 d、7 d进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、Marshall评分,检测CD14+单核细胞人白细胞DR抗原(HLA-DR)及T淋巴细胞计数.结果 与对照组比较,3个治疗组28 d内机械通气时间、ICU治疗时间均有缩短,28 d病死率均有下降,其中血液净化组ICU治疗时间、联合组28 d内机械通气时间和ICU治疗时间缩短差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05).与治疗前比较,胸腺肽组治疗后7 d Marshall评分明显下降,HLA-DR、CD3+、CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞均明显升高;血液净化组和联合组治疗后3 d起以上指标和APACHEⅡ评分均已有明显差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组同期比较,胸腺肽治疗后7 d CD3+T淋巴细胞明显增高(P<0.05);血液净化组和联合组治疗后7 d APACHEⅡ评分和Marshall评分均明显下降,HLA-DR、CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞均明显升高,且联合组治疗后3 d CD3+和CD4+淋巴细胞就已明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);与胸腺肽组同期比较,血液净化组和联合组所有指标均有改善,但仅联合组治疗后3 d CD3+ T淋巴细胞升高差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 CBP和胸腺肽α1均具有增强严重脓毒症患者细胞免疫功能,促进器官功能恢复并最终改善预后的作用,其中CBP治疗效果出现更早、更显著,且两者联合治疗作用更好.     

脓毒症患者免疫失衡与疾病严重程度的关系

目的 通过研究脓毒症患者外周静脉血CD14+单核细胞人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DR及辅助T淋巴细胞 (Th)亚群的动态变化,评价患者的免疫状态及其与疾病的严重程度和预后的关系.方法 在患者被诊断为脓毒症后的第1、4、28天/出重症监护病房(ICU)/死亡前抽取静脉血,应用流式细胞仪连续检测CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达和Th各亚群比例,同时记录当天的APACHE Ⅱ评分.结果.脓毒症组(A组)患者19例,重度脓毒症组(B组)27例.B组较A组CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达水平、Th1细胞百分率及Th1/Th2比值明显降低,Th2细胞百分率则明显增高(P均<0.01).CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达水平、Th1细胞百分率及Th1/Th2比值与APACHEⅡ评分存在显著负相关.B组患者入院第4天起CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达水平维持于较低水平(均低于30%);Th1细胞百分率及Th1/Th2比值随时间迁延呈下降趋势,Th2细胞百分率呈上升趋势,与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01).结论.重度脓毒症患者存在明显的CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达水平下调和Th1/Th2漂移,免疫抑制更显著,表现为单核、T淋巴细胞免疫功能受抑制,Th2细胞和抗炎反应优势可能是导致这一免疫功能紊乱的重要原因.     

CD14+单核细胞人类白细胞DR抗原及C反应蛋白评估脓毒症患者预后的临床价值

目的:评价外周血CD14+单核细胞人类白细胞DR抗原(HLA-DR/CD14+)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)对脓毒症患者预后的判断价值和临床意义。方法:选择入住ICU的脓毒症患者,治疗前测定其外周血HLA-DR/CD14+及CRP、进行APACHEⅡ评分和Marshall评分,观察追踪28天,根据其预后将患者分为存活组和死亡组,分析2组的参数差异,评估参数与患者预后的关系。结果:本研究共入选脓毒症患者21例,12例存活,9例死亡。存活组患者年龄为(65.67&#177;17.15)岁明显低于死亡组的(71.78&#177;8.87)岁(P&lt;0.05);存活组患者HLA-DR/CD14+水平为(28.9&#177;16.1)%明显高于死亡组的(18.7&#177;12.7)%(P&lt;0.05);存活组患者CRP水平为(56.1&#177;18.7)mg/L明显低于死亡组的(91.1&#177;26.3)mg/L(P&lt;0.05)。结论:脓毒症患者的免疫状态与其预后有关,HLA-DR/CD14+和CRP水平对预后判定具有一定的临床价值。     

CD14+单核细胞人白细胞DR抗原在脓毒症早期检测中的临床意义

目的 探讨脓毒症早期免疫抑制状态的监测方法及与预后的关系.方法 36例脓毒症患者入住重症监护室(ICU)当日,采用流式细胞仪检测其CD14+单核细胞人白细胞DR抗原(HLA-DR)水平,同时进行急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,通过相关分析比较两者评价脓毒症预后的临床价值.结果 36例脓毒症患者入ICU时CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达＜30%者占16.67%(6/36例),APACHEⅡ评分为(24.17±4.45)分,两者之间的相关系数(r)=0.212,P=0.687;所有患者均死亡.CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达＜40%者占27.78%(10/36例),APACHEⅡ评分为(23.50±4.30)分,两者之间r=-0.251,P=0.484;病死率为80%(8/10例).结论 CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR表达＜30%是免疫抑制的判断指标,对脓毒症预后的判断可能优于APACHEⅡ评分.脓毒症发病早期存在原发性免疫抑制,提示经典代偿性抗炎反应综合征(CARS)假说可能需要进一步补充和完善.     

细胞免疫功能测定在危重症患者中的临床意义

目的探讨细胞免疫功能与危重症患者病情严重程度和预后的关系。方法选择资料完整的危重症患者43例,根据28d生存情况,将患者分为存活组(21例)及死亡组(22例),并通过急性病生理学和长期健康评价(APACHE)Ⅱ评分计算出分值,采用流式细胞仪对T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤(NK)细胞进行检测。结果与存活组比较,死亡组外周血T淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+及CD8+细胞计数低于存活组,差异均具有统计学意义([270.32±187.58)、(189.27±156.99)、(88.73±56.74),(489.05±109.18)、(342.05±116.41)、(170.33±68.69)个/μl,P均0.05];死亡组外周血T淋巴细胞CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及NK细胞百分数低于存活组,差异均具有统计学意义([43.07±10.35)%、(21.88±8.04)%、(13.71±6.27)%、(7.35±4.46)%,(52.91±13.24)%、(29.76±6.02)%、(24.45±10.78)%、(14.35±5.03)%,P均0.05]。存活组和死亡组患者APACHEⅡ评分与CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞计数均呈负相关(P均0.05),而与CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及NK细胞百分数均无相关性(P均0.05)。结论细胞免疫功能水平高低与危重症患者病情严重程度有关。细胞免疫功能水平可作为评估危重症患者病情和预后的重要检测指标。     

脓毒症患者外周血CD14+单核细胞HLA-DR、CD86和T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平的变化及其协同表达研究

目的探讨脓毒症患者外周血CD14~+单核细胞HLA-DR、CD86和T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平的变化及其协同表达的意义。方法选取2020年1-7月铜陵市人民医院重症医学科收治且确诊的脓毒症患者(脓毒症组)作为研究对象,并以同期入院体检健康者作为对照组。脓毒症组患者入院第1天、第3天及第5天抽取外周静脉血,用流式细胞术分析CD14~+单核细胞HLA-DR、CD86~+CD14~+和T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平,同时检测对照组入院体检当日上述各指标水平并对两组各指标进行分析比较。结果脓毒症组入院第1天患者外周血CD14~+单核细胞HLA-DR、CD86~+CD14~+、总T淋巴细胞、CD4~+T淋巴细胞表达水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);脓毒症组入院第3天、第5天患者外周血CD14~+单核细胞HLA-DR、CD86~+CD14~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞表达水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脓毒症患者体内存在免疫麻痹,CD14~+单核细胞HLA-DR及CD86均可以评估脓毒症患者免疫状况。     

谷氨酰胺和生长激素强化营养对老年危重病患者免疫调理的影响

目的探讨联合应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素对老年危重病患者免疫调理的影响。方法90例患者采用前瞻、随机、对照的方法分为3组：A组为给予标准营养支持治疗对照组；B组为给予谷氨酰胺组；C组为联合应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素组。3组患者均于治疗前及治疗后7d和14d分别取血测定血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的变化，外周血淋巴细胞总数、CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8及CD14单核细胞人白细胞DR抗原（CD14 HLA—DR）比例的变化。结果与A、B组比较，C组血清白蛋白、前白蛋白和IgG的水平均进一步提高，外周血淋巴细胞总数进一步增加，CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8及CD14 HLA—DR的表达水平均明显提高（P〈0．05或P％0．01）；炎症反应指标CRP明显下降（P均〈0．01）；急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分及多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）评分均进一步下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。3组患者重症监护室（ICU）住院时间、机械通气时间、28d生存率改变差异均无显著性（P均〉0．05）。结论联合应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素能促进老年危重病患者的蛋白合成，改善营养状况，改善免疫麻痹状态，下调炎症反应。     

重症急性胰腺炎急性期腹腔内置管引流临床观察

目的 观察早期腹腔内留置导管引流治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床效果.方法 重症急性胰腺炎患者30例,随机分为常规组(16例)和引流组(14例).记录两组患者第0、 3、7、10天急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ评分)和器官衰竭评分(Marshall评分)、腹内压、腹腔引流量、胃肠减压量、呼吸机应用情况,测定相应时间点CD_(14)HLA-DR水平和AT-Ⅲ活性.结果 两组患者入选时各指标比较差异均无统计学意义,第3天起APACHEⅡ评分、Marshall评分、腹内压、胃肠减压量及第7天CD_(14)HLA-DR水平和AT-Ⅲ活性比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).引流组呼吸机应用时间明显低于常规组(P<0.05),28 d生存率明显改善(P<0.05).结论 急性重症胰腺炎患者早期腹腔内置管引流胰腺炎相关性腹水,可明显改善患者病情,提高生存率.     

连续性肾脏替代治疗对急性肾损伤患者临床疗效和外周血T淋巴细胞及炎性相关因子的影响

目的 探究连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)对急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床疗效及炎性机制。方法 将2018年5月至2021年7月该院收治的132例AKI的患者按照随机数表法随机分为对照组(66例)和试验组(66例)。对照组患者予以广谱抗菌药物抗感染、液体复苏及营养支持等标准化的常规治疗。试验组患者另外进行CRRT。分别于治疗前和治疗后1、7 d对患者进行急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ评分);检测外周血CD3、CD4⁺T淋巴细胞比例和CD4⁺/CD8⁺T淋巴细胞比值;检测外周血C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6等炎性相关因子的水平。结果 治疗1 d后试验组APACHEII评分、CRP、IL-6水平低于对照组(P<0.05),经过7 d治疗后,两组APACHEII评分、CRP、IL-6水平降低明显,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组外周血CD3⁺T淋巴细胞比例和CD4⁺T淋巴细胞比例及CD4⁺/CD8⁺...     

血清降钙素原联合T淋巴细胞亚群及中性粒细胞CD64对脓毒症病情程度与预后的评估价值

目的探讨脓毒症患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、T淋巴细胞亚群、中性粒细胞CD64百分比、危重症评分等指标对病情评估及预后判断价值。方法检测入院后24小时内、第7天血清PCT、T淋巴细胞亚群、中性粒细胞CD64百分比等指标,计算急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)和序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)。分析上述指标与病情严重程度的关联性以及对预后判断价值。结果 (1)共纳入72例脓毒症患者,总病死率为31.9%。28天病死率脓毒症组为19.57%;脓毒症休克组为53.85%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)脓毒症休克组入院24小时内血清PCT、CD64(%)、APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分均高于脓毒症组,T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+比值低于脓毒症组(P0.05);(3)死亡组入院7天时血清PCT、CD64(%)、APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分均高于存活组,T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+比值低于存活组(P0.05)。不同时间点血清PCT与APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(r分别为0.702,0.637,P0.01);不同时间点的T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+比值与APACHEⅡ评分均呈负相关(r分别为-0.691,-0.659,P0.01);不同时间点的中性粒细胞CD64百分比与APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(r分别为0.676,0.622,P0.01);不同时间点的SOFA评分与APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(r分别为0.663,0.762,P0.01);(4)血清PCT、T淋巴细胞亚群、中性粒细胞CD64百分比、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分均为影响脓毒症预后的独立因素(P0.05)。以上5项指标对患者28天预后评价能力相当。通过Z检验比较3项检测指标联合和单一指标检测的AUC,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清PCT、中性粒细胞CD64百分比、T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+比值、SOFA评分及APACHEⅡ评分可作为判断脓毒症病情严重程度的指标。多项指标联合对预后判断具有更高的敏感性和特异性。     

Ultrasonic study of venous patterns in the right hypochondrium: An anatomical approach to differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice

Through real time ultrasonography, it is possible to display the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein, the vena porta, and the intrahepatic portal and systemic veins. In jaundice, it is of the utmost importance to carefully identify the vena porta before making a diagnosis of common bile duct enlargement. It is also necessary, when confronted with a pattern of apparently enlarged intrahepatic ducts, to conduct a thorough study of possible confluences of the ducts with the vena porta or vena cava to be certain that the ducts are not part of the portal or systemic venous network. Without such differentiation, portal enlargement caused portal hypertension, systemic venous enlargement caused cardiac insufficiency, or even nonpathological wide veins may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.     

The clearance of Procalcitonin (PCT) during continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD)

Objective. To evaluate the Procalcitonin (PCT) clearance during continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD).?Design. Case report?Setting. Surgical intensive care unit?Patient. 51-year-old man, who had undergone total thyroidectomy about ten years before owing to multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2), suffering from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with acute renal failure after severe trauma caused by a traffic accident.?Measurements and main result. The samplings of prefilter (afferent) and post-filter (efferent) blood and of ultradiafiltrate were 6 times performed during 24 h of CVVHD to calculate the PCT clearance of hemdiafiltration.?During the first half period of CVVHD the serum PCT concentration did not decrease, though PCT had been eliminated from serum. On the other hand during the latter half period of it the serum PCT value decreased (from 46.8 ng/ml to 29.4 ng/ml) and the amount of the eliminated PCT from serum was about 100 ng per minute and its clearance was 2.3 ∼ 3.4 ml/min.?Conclusion. The CVVHD could eliminate PCT from serum. First it was brought about by the adsorption by the filter menbrane and then by ultradiafiltration. Received: 25 February 1999/Final revision received: 31 May 1999/Accepted: 9 June 1999     

Quality management of potential chemotherapy-induced neutropenic complications: evaluation of practice in an academic medical center

Goals

Management of the risk of potential chemotherapy-induced neutropenic complications such as febrile neutropenia (FN) and severe neutropenia (SN) is a quality of care priority. How frequently does care at our institution conform to established guidelines?

Materials and methods

This retrospective chart review study included a random sample of 305 cancer patients receiving care at a single US academic medical center. Abstracted data included demographics, risk factors, and outcome variables (e.g., development of FN/SN, administration of myeloid growth factors). To evaluate quality of care, we assessed conformance between actual practice and established clinical practice guidelines for the use of myeloid growth factors from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).

Main results

Of the 305 cases reviewed, 8% were classified as low risk (<10%), 48% as intermediate risk (10–20%), and 44% as high risk (>20%), using the risk classifications in the NCCN guidelines modified to accommodate illness and other risk factors. Thirty-four percent received prophylactic administration of myeloid growth factors. Half of the cases had adequate documentation of mid-cycle absolute neutrophil count to determine whether FN/SN developed. Among these cases with adequate documentation, 21% developed FN/SN. Use of growth factors did not conform to established quality guidelines. Overall, 77 of 133 (58%) high-risk cases received myeloid growth factors, whereas six of 25 (24%) low-risk cases received myeloid growth factors.

Conclusions

Routine clinical practice in this academic oncology setting was poorly aligned with established guidelines; there is substantial opportunity to standardize clinical strategies and increase conformance with evidence-based guidelines.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病NO、GSH—PX和TNF的含量测定及其临床意义

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)血浆和脑脊液(CSF)中的一氧化氮(NO)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)含量变化及其与HIE不同时期和不同程度间的相关关系.方法对HIE患儿第3天的CSF和出生初入院(HIE2h内)、第1天、第2天、恢复期的血浆中NO、SOD进行检测,并与正常对照组比较;分析NO、GSH-PX、TNF的变化原因和意义.结果HIE患儿血浆中第1天的NO含量最高,而GSH-PX相反;初入院、第1天、第3天的血浆中NO、GSH-PX含量与正常对照组对比均有显著性差异(P＜0.01),而恢复期中NO、GSH-PX含量与正常对照组对比无显著性差异(P＞0.05),血浆和HIE第3天的CSF中NO和GSH-PX水平均呈负相关;病情越重NO浓度越高,GSH-PX越低.急性期血浆TNF显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),恢复期两组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论NO、GSH-PX和TNF参与HIE的发病过程,在HIE的发病过程中起着重要作用;检测血浆和CSF中NO、GSH-PX、TNF含量有助于判断HIE患儿病变程度和病情进展.     

Comparison of two methods based on photoplethysmography for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease

Aim. To examine the interchangeability of two methods for distal pressure measurement based on photoplethysmography using a truncated or full display of the arterial inflow curve, respectively. Methods. Toe and ankle pressures were obtained from 69 patients suspected of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Observer reproducibility of the curve readings was examined by blinded reassessment of the pressure curves in a randomly selected subgroup (60 limbs). Results. There were no significant differences in mean pressures between the two methods (p for all >?.455). The limits of agreement for the differences were ?15.0–15.4?mmHg for right toe pressures, ?16.3–16.2?mmHg for left toe pressures, ?14.2–15.7?mmHg for right ankle pressures, and ?18.3–17.7?mmHg for left ankle pressures. Correlation analysis revealed intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.960 for all measuring sites. Cohen’s Kappa showed excellent agreement in diagnostic classification, with κ?=?0.930 for the diagnosis of PAD and perfect agreement in the diagnosis of critical limb ischemia (κ?=?1.000). The analysis of intra-observer variation for curve reading showed limits of agreement of ?3.9–4.0 for toe pressures and ?7.6–7.7 for ankle pressures for the method involving truncated display and ?3.1–3.2 for toe pressures and ?6.3–8.6 for ankle pressures for the method involving full display of the signal. Conclusion. The present study shows minimal differences in diagnostic classification, as well as in ankle and toe pressures, between the full display and the truncated display of the photoplethysmographic pulse signal. Furthermore, the inter-observer variation was low for both of the photoplethysmographic methods investigated.     

电磁脉冲照射对小鼠脑组织氧化状态的影响及姜黄素的治疗作用

目的观察电磁脉冲（EMR）照射后小鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）的变化及姜黄素的防护作用。方法40只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、单纯EMR组、EMR＋姜黄素低剂量（20mg／kg／d）组、中剂量（40mg／kg／d）组、高剂量（80mg／kg／d）组，每组8只。EMR组和EMR＋姜黄素组小鼠接受200kV／m的EMR照射，EMR＋姜黄素组小鼠同时每日给予不同剂量的姜黄素，5d后停止照射及给药，测定小鼠脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px、MDA的变化。结果与空白对照组比较，EMR照射组小鼠脑组织SOD与GSH-Px活性及MDA含量上升（均P〈0．05）；与单纯EMR组比较，EMR＋姜黄素中、高剂量组小鼠脑组织SOD与GSH-Px活性及MDA含量下降（均P〈0.05）。结论200kV／m的EMR照射可导致小鼠脑组织过氧化，姜黄素可通过其抗氧化作用有效治疗这种损伤，且效应呈一定的剂量依赖关系。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病人血清FSH LH PRL GH的浓度变化

目的　研究动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)病人血清卵泡刺激素 (FSH)、黄体生成素 (LH)、泌乳素 (PRL)、生长激素 (GH)的浓度变化规律。方法　对 35例动脉瘤性SAH病人发病后 1～ 3、7～ 9、13～ 15d血清FSH、LH、PRL、GH的浓度进行动态观察 ,用TCD检测大脑中动脉血流速度 (VMCA)。结果　动脉瘤性SAH病人血清FSH、LH、PRL、GH浓度在发病后 1～3、7～ 9d各均值明显高于对照组 ,尤以发病后 7～ 9d变化最明显 ;术前、术后有脑血管痉挛 (CVS)组和非CVS组也有明显差异。结论　动脉瘤性SAH病人血清FSH、LH、GH、PRL含量与SAH的病情演变、CVS程度有关 ,并可判断预后。     

健康国人年龄性别对主要脑底动脉血流速度的影响及其检测方法的探讨

应用多普勒技术探测颅外脑血管血流速度,1965年由Miyazaki等首先报告,然而,由于骨骼严重衰减超声波,故使用5～10MHz探测频率难以记录颅内血管的血流速度。1982年Aaslid报告了应用脉冲多普勒技术,通过调整取样深度,观察了颅内脑动脉的血流速度,此后,颅内主要脑底动脉的血液动力学变化,以及无创手段对频内脑血管血流速度的监测得到了广泛的研究和深入的开展。我们心功能科自1988年12月引进美国Meda Sonics经颅超声多普勒(TCD)诊断仪以来     

Effects of anticancer agents on cell viability,proliferative activity and cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells

We investigated the effects of anticancer agents on peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the purpose of providing data to support new translational chemoimmunotherapy regimens. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were treated with one of four anticancer agents (5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, cisplatin, and gemcitabine) for 2 h, after which cell viability was determined. For assessment of effects of each drug on proliferation and cytokine production, cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin for 48 h. As a result, the anticancer agents did not affect cell viability. Cell proliferation was unaffected by 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan but inhibited by cisplatin and gemcitabine. Treatment with gemcitabine enhanced the production of IFN-γ and decreased the number of regulatory T cells. gemcitabine treatment increased IFN-γ production among CD4 T cells but not among CD8 T cells. The results indicated that GEM had immunoregulatory properties that might support immune response against cancer. This finding has implications for designing chemoimmunotherapy strategies.     

The utility of < or =3-day-old whole-blood platelets in reducing the incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions

BACKGROUND: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) to platelet transfusions have been linked to the presence of cytokines in supernatant plasma. Cytokine concentration is directly related to WBC content and storage time. This study evaluated the effect of limiting the storage time of random-donor platelet concentrates on the FNHTR rate. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: FNHTR rates were calculated retrospectively for single-donor apheresis platelet (SDP) and pooled random-donor platelet (PP) transfusions given during three consecutive 5-month study periods (November 1995 to February 1997) to patients on a single hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant unit. Transfusion practice policies were: Baseline Period, SDPs preferred; Study Period A, PPs preferred; and Study Period B, < or =3-day-old PPs preferred. FNHTR rates were calculated from physicians' interpretations of reported reactions and the total number of SDP and PP transfusions in each period. SDPs were collected on two cell separators. All platelet components were filtered at issue in the laboratory by WBC-reduction filters. RESULTS: FNHTR rates for PP transfusions were: baseline, 11.1 percent (3/27); Study Period A, 4.6 percent (22/481); and Study Period B, 1.1 percent (3/282). The rates for SDP transfusions were 0. 15 percent (1/650), 0.75 percent (2/267), and 0.36 percent (1/273), respectively. The FNHTR rate for < or =3-day-old PPs was significantly less than the rate for older PPs (p = 0.0086 for Study Period A vs. Study Period B), and was not significantly different than that for SDPs (p = 0.33 for PPs vs. SDPs in Study Period B). CONCLUSION: Limiting transfusion of PPs to those stored 相似文献