微创穿刺治疗重度脑室出血26例临床分析

目的 探讨微创穿刺治疗重度脑室出血的疗效.方法 微创穿刺侧脑室引流,加腰穿脑脊液置换.结果 抢救成功21例,死亡5例,病死率19.2%,抢救成功病例无1例发生梗阻性脑积水.结论 本方法治疗重度脑室出血效果良好.     

高血压脑出血并发脑室出血的外科治疗

目的探讨自发性脑出血破入脑室的治疗方法和疗效。方法采用单纯血肿穿刺引流、一侧或双侧侧脑室穿刺引流、血肿穿刺＋侧脑室穿刺引流,辅以腰穿脑脊液置换治疗30例自发性脑出血并脑室出血。结果恢复良好13例（43.3%）,中度残疾9例（30.0%）,重度残疾4例（13.3%）,植物生存2例（6.7%）,死亡2例（6.7%）。结论微创钻（锥）颅血肿穿刺、脑室穿刺溶血引流＋腰穿脑脊液置换治疗脑室出血的方法简单易行,疗效确切。     

侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺联合脑脊液置换治疗重型脑室出血31例临床报道

目的 探讨重型脑室出血行侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺引流联合脑脊液置换的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析31例重型脑室出血患者经侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺引流联合腑脊液置换的治疗经验.结果 显效16例,好转10例,有效率83.87%.结论 重型脑室出血患者经侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺引流联合脑脊液置换治疗效果良好,能有效改善预后,提高抢救成功率.     

硬通道穿刺引流治疗烟雾病脑室出血

目的 探讨烟雾病脑室出血的临床特征及硬通道穿刺引流治疗烟雾病脑室出血的疗效。方法 回顾性分析13例烟雾病脑室出血患者的临床表现,应用硬通道穿刺引流治疗烟雾病脑室出血。结果 13例烟雾病脑室出血患者CTA检查显示Suzuki分级Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级4级,Ⅳ级6例; 13例患者均存在脉络膜前动脉异常扩张合并后交通动脉扩张; 5例患者合并动脉瘤。13例患者均予急诊硬通道侧脑室穿刺引流,全部病例脑室血肿清除效果好。结论 硬通道穿刺引流治疗烟雾病脑室出血的手术方法简单实用,可操作性强。     

微创颅内血肿穿刺加脑室引流治疗高血压性脑室出血的临床观察

目的研究微创颅内血肿穿刺加脑室引流治疗高血压脑室出血的疗效。方法保守组单纯保守治疗，予控制血压、降颅压、抗脑水肿等。微创组在以上治疗基础上行颅内血肿穿刺加侧脑室前角穿刺引流术。比较两组病死率及术后临床疗效。结果微创组病死率低于保守组（P〈0．05）；术后临床疗效评价微创组有效率高于保守组（P〈0．05）。结论微创颅内血肿穿刺加脑室引流走是治疗高血压脑室出血一种快捷有效的途径。     

Ommaya管在脑室出血治疗中的应用

目的探讨Ommaya管在脑室外引流的应用。方法选取15例脑室出血的患者,以Ommaya管进行脑室穿刺外引流,头皮针穿刺Ommaya囊,尿激酶冲洗。结果经10～18d(平均14d)引流后,引流液澄清,CT复查脑室内高密度影消失,试夹管24h临床症状无恶化。15例除1例因再出血死亡,1例植状状态生存外,其余13例病人的病情均得到明显改善。结论应用Ommaya管引流可以延长脑室外引流时间,不易感染,操作简单,病人痛苦少,可重复多次穿刺,可应用于脑室出血的治疗。     

双侧脑室引流及脑脊液置换治疗脑室出血24例分析

目的 观察采用双侧侧脑室穿刺交替引流、尿激酶冲洗溶解血凝块结合腰穿脑脊液置换治疗脑室出血疗效.方法 在常规治疗的基础上,行双侧侧脑室额角穿刺术,采用双侧交替夹管与引流法,每日向脑室内注入尿激酶1～2次,术后第2天行脑脊液置换疗法,待脑室引流液澄清,CT复查脑室内高密度影消失,第三、四脑室、导水管通畅,试夹管24 h,临床症状无恶化可拔管.结果 所有病例均未发生明显脑室积水,治愈好转19例,死亡5例.结论 采用双侧侧脑室穿刺交替引流、尿激酶冲洗溶解血凝块结合腰穿脑脊液置换治疗脑室出血疗效满意,明显降低病死率,值得推广应用.     

脑室穿刺引流加Ommaya囊埋置术治疗脑室出血的护理

目的 研究脑室穿刺引流加Ommaya囊埋置术治疗脑室出血的护理.方法 回顾性总结脑室穿刺引流加Ommaya囊埋置术治疗脑室出血33例围手术期护理.结果 本组术后7天内死亡3例,19例施行Ommaya囊穿刺引流,平均3～5次,每次3～5天.结论 脑室穿刺引流加Ommaya囊埋置术治疗脑室出血是一种安全、可行、简单、有效的方法,值得推广应用.     

微创颅内血肿穿刺加脑室引流治疗高血压性脑室出血的临床观察

目的研究微创颅内血肿穿刺加脑室引流治疗高血压脑室出血的疗效。方法保守组单纯保守治疗,予控制血压、降颅压、抗脑水肿等。微创组在以上治疗基础上行颅内血肿穿刺加侧脑室前角穿刺引流术。比较两组病死率及术后临床疗效。结果微创组病死率低于保守组(P<0.05);术后临床疗效评价微创组有效率高于保守组(P<0.05)。结论微创颅内血肿穿刺加脑室引流术是治疗高血压脑室出血一种快捷有效的途径。     

双靶点微创治疗丘脑出血破入脑室并发脑积水

目的探讨高血压丘脑出血的微创治疗方法。方法回顾性分析10例高血压丘脑出血破入脑室伴脑积水的病例资料,采用已取得专利的立体定向微创器械,以双靶点软通道微创穿刺引流,同时行丘脑血肿和脑室微创穿刺引流,术后辅以尿激酶灌洗治疗。临床评价标准包括血肿清除率、脑积水缓解率、手术时间、术后再出血、颅内感染率、30 d病死率及术后随访1-24个月GOS。结果术后病人平均血肿清除率为（90.0±1.6）%,脑积水缓解率90%,平均手术时间（25.6±4.8）min,无血肿腔再出血,发生颅内感染2例,30d病死率10%。术后随访1-24个月,GOS5分3例,4分3例,3分1例,2分1例,1分2例。结论双靶点软通道微创穿刺引流治疗丘脑出血破入脑室伴脑积水具有操作简单、安全、有效、创伤小的特点。     

脑干出血的预后分析

目的研究脑干出血患者预后相关因素。方法回顾分析我院81例脑干出血患者。结果脑干出血患者死亡率与患者血压、体温、白细胞计数、血糖的升高、意识障碍重、GCS评分低、出血量大、脑干变形、血肿破入脑室有关。结论对脑干出血预后判断非常重要,经采取积极措施可降低死亡率。     

外伤性小脑出血的多排螺旋CT诊断价值

目的探讨外伤性小脑出血的多排螺旋CT表现及诊断价值。方法15例外伤性小脑出血均行头颅多排螺旋CT平扫,伤前均无脑部疾病及脑血管病史。结果(1)多排螺旋CT可明确外伤性小脑出血的部位、范围、可计算出血量、显示脑室的改变、有无破入脑室系统及与脑干的关系,与普通CT扫描相比多排螺旋CT具有一定的优势;(2)通过多排螺旋CT表现与临床疗效的关系分析表明,出血部位靠近中线者、小脑扁桃体出血、出血量大者、血肿破入脑室者及脑干受压者其治疗效果较差,死亡率高。结论多排螺旋CT扫描可作为早期诊断外伤性小脑出血的首选方法,并能作出初步的预后判断。     

18例老年慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿微创治疗

目的 探讨慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿的影像学特征和有效的治疗方法。方法 收集我院18例慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿的临床资料，全部病例均在局麻下施行微创钻孔隔膜疏通加置管引流术。结果：血肿位于左额顶区10例，右额顶区8例。其中单分隔型6例，多分隔型12例，经上述治疗，均获满意效果，无并发症发生。结论：CT是诊断慢性分隔型硬膜下血肿的较好方法，微创钻孔隔膜疏通加置管引流治疗此型血肿，操作简单、安全、疗效可靠。     

自发性小脑出血手术治疗策略

目的探讨自发性小脑出血的外科治疗。方法回顾性分析采用手术治疗的30例自发性小脑出血患者的临床资料。对蚓部出血6~10mL、出现梗阻性脑积水的患者行单纯侧脑室钻孔引流术,对小脑半球出血10~20mL者行后颅窝开颅血肿清除术,对小脑半球出血量20mL或蚓部出血量10mL者行后颅窝开颅血肿清除+寰枕减压术+侧脑室钻孔引流术。结果单纯侧脑室钻孔引流术6例,恢复良好5例;中残1例;后颅窝开颅血肿清除术14例,恢复良好10例,中残2例,重残2例;后颅窝开颅血肿清除+寰枕减压术+侧脑室钻孔引流术10例,恢复良好6例,中残2例,重残1例,死亡1例。结论对自发性小脑出血患者,积极手术治疗,根据出血的部位、出血的量、有无合并梗阻性脑积水等情况,采用不同的手术方式。     

脑干出血的预后分析

目的研究脑干出血患者预后相关因素.方法回顾分析我院81例脑干出血患者.结果脑干出血患者死亡率与患者血压、体温、白细胞计数、血糖的升高、意识障碍重、GCS评分低、出血量大、脑干变形、血肿破入脑室有关.结论对脑干出血预后判断非常重要,经采取积极措施可降低死亡率.     

IV ventricle astrocytomas in childhood: clinicopathological features in 21 cases

The authors conducted a study of 21 children with benign astrocytomas in the IV ventricle treated with radical tumor resection from 1982 through 1991. The purposes of this study were to identify the tumor origin and neural involvement, and to determine the natural history following surgical resection. Pathological studies showed that 18 were pilocytic astrocytomas (pure pilocytic in 12, mixed in 6), 2 fibrillary, and 1 gemistocytic. In the IV ventricle, 12 patients had a transependymal involvement of the floor (brain stem), 6 had an involvement of the wall (cerebellar peduncle), and 3 had involvement of both floor and wall. A gross total resection was performed in 9 patients, and the remaining 12 patients underwent a subtotal resection. All patients were followed without radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapy. During a follow-up period of 6.5–15 years, all patients were alive. Eight patients suffered recurrence between five months and 66 months after diagnosis. Of these, five received RT for recurrence and had a complete response in all cases. The remaining 13 patients showed no evidence of disease and one had a stable residual tumor. The recurrence-free 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 62.5% and 57% respectively. Patients without brainstem involvement, with total resection, or with pure pilocytic astrocytoma had a better outcome than those with brain stem involvement, with subtotal resection, or with nonpilocytic or mixed histology. In summary, a great majority of benign IV ventricle astrocytomas involve the floor of the IV ventricle. It is often difficult to determine the origin of these tumors in most cases. Benign IV ventricle astrocytomas may not recur even after incomplete resection, and close observation without RT is recommended, although RT appears to be effective for these tumors when they recur.     

Surgical treatment of brain stem lesions with reference to cavernous angioma]

The surgical indications for localized brain stem lesions were evaluated retrospectively through the clinical results of 14 patients: 5 cavernous angiomas and 9 gliomas. Cavernous angiomas were located in fourth ventricle floor (2 cases), in dorsal midbrain (1 case), in right cerebellar peduncle (1 case), and in medulla oblongata (1 case). Those cases had direct surgery because of relapse of clinical symptoms and enlargement of the lesions on follow-up MR imagings. Each lesion was extirpated totally. Consequently, the majority of neurological deficits before operation improved. Therefore, radical extirpation in brain stem cavernous angioma was strongly recommended. Also, total, subtotal resection was performed for gliomas localized in brain stem: 2 low grade astrocytomas, 3 malignant astrocytomas, 3 plexus papillomas, and 1 ependymoma. Most of cases improved without new neurological deficits after surgery. In addition, MR imaging was considered to be essential to accurate diagnosis and surgical strategies for brain stem lesions.     

经额软通道微创穿刺引流术治疗高血压性基底节区脑出血76例临床分析

目的 探讨经额软通道微创穿刺引流术治疗高血压性基底节区脑出血的技术方法 和临床疗效.方法 对山东省邹城市红十字会急救中心神经外科自2005年3月至2008年4月收治且符合条件的76例高血压性基底节区脑出血患者,选择血肿侧距眉间7～9 cm、旁开中线3.5～4.5cm的额部为穿刺点,根据头颅CT影像资料计算确定适宜的穿刺方向和穿刺深度,以软通道行血肿腔的微创穿刺引流术清除脑内血肿.结果 术后引流管留置时间36～120h,平均(70±5.6)h.术后再出血3例,均无气颅或颅内感染发生.76例患者中30 d内基本痊愈11例,显著进步35例,进步16例,无效或恶化4例,死亡10例,病死率为13.2%.总有效率为81.6%.结论 经额软通道微创穿刺引流术治疗高血压性基底节区脑出血是一种切实有效的治疗方法 ,能最大限度的减少术后并发症发生,从而改善患者预后,且创伤小、操作简单,易于在基层医院推广应用.     

Chiari畸形伴脊髓空洞症的微创手术治疗

目的探讨Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的微创外科手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析74例患者微创手术治疗情况。微创手术治疗74例,均行后颅窝小骨窗减压,下疝小脑扁桃体切除,松解蛛网膜下腔的粘连,开放正中孔至第四脑室及小脑延髓侧池,改善蛛网膜下腔脑脊液循环,原位缝合硬脑膜。结果术后临床症状消失和改善者68例,无变化6例。随访56例,脊髓空洞明显缩小。结论微创手术是治疗Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的有效方法。恢复蛛网膜下腔的脑脊液循环是治疗的关键。