间接光生物调节作用

功能内稳态（function-specific homeostasis,FSH）是维持功能充分稳定发挥的负反馈机制。FSH特异的应激（FSH-specificstress,FSS）打破FSH。处于FSS特异内稳态（FSS-specific homeostasis,FSSH）的FSS称为成功应激,远离FSSH的FSS称为慢性应激。弱光不直接影响FSH/FSSH,但可以调节慢性应激直至应激成功。一个生物系统处于所研究的FSH/FSSH（studiedFSH/FSSH,sFSH/sFSSH）就是sFSH/sFSSH所稳定的生物功能/FSS处于sFSH/sFSSH,其他生物功能/FSS可以远离各自的FSH/FSSH（other FSH/FSSH,oFSH/oFSSH）。虽然弱光不能直接影响sFSH/sFSSH,但可以调节其他远离oFSH/oFSSH的生物功能/FSS。由于sFSH/sFSSH的抗干扰作用,只有有利于sFSH/sFSSH的维持或提升的oFSH/oFSSH（allowed oFSH/oFSSH,aFSH/aFSSH）能够得以建立。弱光通过促进远离aFSH/aFSSH的生物功能/FSS建立aFSH/aFSSH来维持或提升sFSH/sF-SSH。这种光生物调节作用（photobiomodulation,PBM）称为间接PBM（indirect PBM,iPBM）。本文为iPBM最新研究进展的综述。     

内镜激光泪囊鼻腔吻合术的研究进展

1990年Hartikainen等和Massaro等将激光技术和鼻内镜结合形成一种新型的内镜激光泪囊鼻腔吻合术(endonasal laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy，ENL-DCR)。ENL-DCR是由光导纤维引入光源照明，经显微内镜捕捉、放大光学画面，通过监视器实时监控，同时外接激光代替手术刀对鼻黏膜和骨性泪囊窝进行切割、气化、切除，重建鼻腔泪囊引流途径的新型手术。文献报道ENL-DCR具有避免皮肤切口、局部损伤小、止血效果好、患者术后恢复快、可在门诊开展手术、治疗费低等优点。     

光动力疗法治疗脉络膜新生血管的研究进展

随着眼科疾病检查手段的不断更新，脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization，CNV)的检出率逐渐增高，对其发病原因和治疗的研究也日益深人，现已知道很多因素能导致CNV。CNV尤其是黄斑处的脉络膜新生血管容易出血、渗出，继而机化和瘢痕形成，病情反复发作，最终导致视力下降，甚至失明。目前治疗CNV的方法主要有激光照射、放射、药物     

光动力治疗药物5-氨基酮戊酸的研究进展

5-氨基酮戊酸（5-aminolevulinic acid，ALA）局部给药结合可见光辐照进行光动力治疗（photodynamic therapy，PDT）是近年来兴起的一种肿瘤消融新技术，已广泛应用于治疗各种体表肿瘤，如基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、Bowen病和光化性角化病等，同时亦用于心血管疾病、妇科疾病、消化道疾病和泌尿系统疾病的诊断和治疗旧。ALA是一简单的5炭化合物（见图1），是内源性化学物质，参与体内血红素的生物合成（见图2）。作为血红素的前体物，AIA在AIA脱水酶等一系列酶作用下生成具有强光敏作用的原卟啉Ⅸ（protoporphyrin IX，PpIX），     

激光碎石应用及机制研究进展

结石是一种常见的多发性疾病,严重影响着人们的身体健康,需要采取有效措施进行治疗。结石成因复杂,发病部位不一。常见有肝胆结石、泌尿系统结石、消化系统结石等。各类结石成分也有很大差别。如胆结石中,胆固醇类结石中胆固醇含量达90%,胆色素类结石以胆红素为主要成分,混合性     

Photobiomodulation therapy for the management of radiation-induced dermatitis

Background

Radiation therapy (RT) comprises a key component in the treatment of breast cancer. Radiation-induced skin toxicity is the major adverse event experienced by patients; however, radiodermatitis (RD) prevention and management remains trivial. It is proven that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using light-emitting diode (LED) increases wound healing and depicts an anti-inflammatory effect. This single-institute study evaluates the beneficial role of PBM-LED in preventing/reducing RD during breast cancer RT.

Patients and methods

Of 70 consecutively treated patients, 25 patients were treated with PBM-LED twice a week prior to adjuvant 3D conformal RT after breast-conserving surgery. RD was reported using Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 and pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS). For comparison, a control group (n = 45) received RT without PBM-LED. In addition, a “matched” group (n = 25) was generated from the control group based on propensity for potentially confounding variables.

Results

In the PBM group, 22 patients (88%) presented grade 1 and 3 (12%) grade 2 RD. In the control group, 25 patients (55.6%) developed grade 1 reactions, 18 patients (40%) grade 2, and 2 (4.4%) patients grade 3 RD. Concerning pain intensity, 15 patients (60%) of the PBM treatment arm reported no pain, 5 patients (20%) VAS 2, and 5 (20%) VAS 3. In the control group, 13 patients (28.9%) reported no pain, 2 (4.4%) VAS 1, 7 (15.6%) VAS 2, 9 patients (20%) reported VAS 3, 12 (26.7%) patients VAS 4, and 2 (4.4%) patients VAS 5.

Conclusion

PBM-LED therapy applied prior to RT might be effective in decreasing the incidence and sequelae of radiation-induced skin toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery.

     

肿瘤光动力学疗法免疫机制的研究进展

光动力学疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)在多种肿瘤和非肿瘤疾病的治疗中均显示了良好的应用前景。PDT通过光敏剂与光的光化学反应产生单态氧和其他活性氧(re-active oxygen species,ROS)致细胞结构的氧化性损伤来实现其生物学效应。对PDT作用机制的研究一直是PDT研究领域的热     

Mechanistic approaches to the light-induced neural cell differentiation: Photobiomodulation vs Low-Dose Photodynamic Therapy

BackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases are the result of irreversible damage in the neuronal cells by effecting vital functions temporarily or even permanently. The use of light for the treatment of these diseases is an emerging promising innovative method. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) are the modalities that have a wide range of use in medicine and have opposite purposes, biostimulation and cell death respectively.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to compare these two modalities (PDT and PBM) at low-level intensities and create a stimulatory effect on the differentiation of PC12 cells. Three different energy densities (1, 3, and 5 J/cm²) were used in PBM and Chlorin e6-mediated PDT applications upon irradiation with 655-nm laser light. The light-induced differentiation profile of PC12 cells was analyzed by morphological examinations, qRT-PCR, cell viability assay, and some mechanistic approaches such as; the analysis of intracellular ROS production, NO release, and mitochondrial membrane potential change.ResultsIt has been observed that both of these modalities were successful at neural cell differentiation. PBM at 1 J/cm² and low-dose PDT at 3 J/cm² energy densities provided the best differentiation profiles which were proved by the over-expressions of SYN-1 and GAP43 genes. It was also observed that intracellular ROS production and NO release had pivotal roles in these mechanisms with more cell differentiation obtained especially in low-dose PDT application.ConclusionIt can be concluded that light-induced mechanisms with properly optimized light parameters have the capacity for neural cell regeneration and thus, can be a successful treatment for incurable neurodegenerative diseases.     

激光焊接皮肤研究的某些进展

激光焊接技术始于20世纪70年代。激光焊接组织具有炎症反应轻、形成粘连少、愈合快、瘢痕不明显、操作简单、手术时间短等特点。本文综述了激光焊接皮肤研究的某些进展。     

激光治疗翼状胬肉的新进展

翼状胬肉在眼科属常见病、多发病,但由于其发病机制目前仍不十分清楚,所以手术治疗效果不理想,术后易复发.近几年来由于激光技术的迅猛发展,给该病的治疗提供了许多崭新的治疗途径,笔者就近几年来国内外眼科激光治疗的情况作一综述.