腹腔镜取肾亲属肾移植临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜活体供肾亲属肾移植临床效果.方法回顾性分析8例腹腔镜取肾活体亲属供肾移植供受者临床资料.结果经术后2-50月随访,8例供者均无并发症出现,术后7～10d出院.8例受者肾移植术后恢复迅速,移植肾功能稳定.结论腹腔镜活体取肾安全可行,活体亲属肾移植的存活率要高于尸体肾移植.活体供肾是一较好的供肾来源.     

Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in Hawaii

Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy for transplant is a minimally invasive, effective, and safe operation that also provides less post-operative pain and earlier return to pre-donation activity. In review of the first 10 cases, no major complications occurred and mean hospital stay was 3.7 days. All recipients of these kidneys displayed excellent allograft function (mean creatinine--1.5 mg/dL) and no ureteral problems. Successful use of this procedure has also resulted in a steady increase in the number of living transplants performed in Hawaii and perhaps this will impact the 330 patients currently awaiting renal transplant.     

腹腔镜活体供肾切取肾移植2例临床观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜活体供肾切取术的可行性及优越性,了解受者移植术后临床效果.方法:对2例亲属活体供肾采用腹腔镜活体供肾切取,1例经腹腔途径,穿刺分别位于脐部、左肋缘下腹直肌旁和腋中线平脐处,供肾经脐部切口取出.另一例经后腹腔途径,在腋后线肋缘下1cm处建立腹膜后间隙并置入穿刺套管,然后分别在腋中线髂嵴上和腋前线肋弓下置入穿刺套管及操作器械.充气压力1.87 kPa,在肾周脂肪囊内游离肾脏,于肾下极平面找到输尿管,游离至髂血管水平.经平行腹股沟韧带切口取出供肾.经简单修整灌洗后移植受者的右髂窝内.受者已随访1年以上.结果:供者术后恢复快,均于40d内恢复正常工作,随访过程中无不良主诉.2例受者随访15～18个月,尿量及肾功能均在正常范围,无并发症发生.结论:腹腔镜活体供肾切取创伤小、恢复快.移植肾功能恢复及预后良好.     

腹腔镜辅助小切口亲属活体供肾切除术

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助小切口亲属活体供肾切取术手术方式的安全性及实用性。方法 回顾性分析济南军区总医院泌尿外科2007年12月至2009年6月,15例采用腹腔镜辅助小切口进行活体供肾切取的健康供肾者临床资料。结果 15例手术均成功,供肾热缺血时间(40±15)s,切取供肾平均手术时间65(50～85)min。术中出血(50±20)mL,移植肾开放血流后来尿时间平均为1min;移植肾功能恢复正常时间2～3d,血肌酐水平(110±30) μmol／L,供者切口引流管留置1～3d,术后住院时间5～6d。结论 腹腔镜辅助小切口活体供肾切取术不使用气腹,具有创伤小、手术时间短、恢复快、安全性和实用性较高特点,兼顾腹腔镜与开放手术的优势,并具有良好的经济性。     

经腹膜腔途径腹腔镜活体供肾切取术的临床应用

目的总结经腹膜腔途径腹腔镜下活体供肾切取技术及临床效果。方法回顾性分析经腹膜腔途径腹腔镜活体供肾切取。供受关系为：父-子1例,母-子／女8例,同胞兄弟姐妹9例,夫妻间供肾1例。群体反应性抗体及淋巴细胞毒试验均阴性,供肾植于右髂窝。结果19例均为左肾,均成功取肾,无中转开放,手术时间180～270min,热缺血时间120-300s,术中估计出血量约100-350ml。供者术后平均住院天数7．3d,无并发症发生。受者随访3～16个月,发生缓慢肾功能恢复1例,急性排斥2例,经激素冲击后好转。结论经腹膜腔腹腔镜活体供肾切取具有安全、对供体创伤小、恢复快等优点,要求术者有熟练的腹腔镜手术血管处置技术。     

两种开放手术入路在活体供肾切取术中的应用

目的 探讨活体供肾切取术的切口选择,并比较前肋缘下切口经腹及经腹膜外两种手术入路的优缺点.方法 将68例活体亲属肾移植供肾切取术分为两组:斜卧位肋缘下切口腹膜外途径取肾术42例为观察组,平卧位肋缘下切口经腹途径26例为对照组.观察两组间手术时间、出血量、肛门排气时间、术中术后并发症、住院天数、供肾热缺血时间、肾动脉长度...     

手辅助后腹腔镜与开放手术活体供肾切取术比较

目的比较手辅助后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术(hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic live donor nephrectomy,HRPLDN)与开放活体供肾切取术(open live donor nephrectomy,ODN)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析解放军第309医院2009年3月-2014年3月110例活体亲属供肾者及受者的临床资料,HRPLDN组65例,ODN组45例。结果与ODN组比较,HRPLDN组供者失血量更少[(85±41)ml vs(205±53)ml,P<0.05],热缺血时间更长[(121.5±48.2)s vs(93.4±47.3)s,P<0.05],住院时间更短[(7.3±1.5)d vs(10.6±2.3)d,P<0.05]。两组手术时间及术后1周血肌酐水平差异无统计学意义。并发症:HRPLDN组1例淋巴瘘,1例供肾包膜下血肿,1例腰静脉损伤出血;ODN组1例下腔静脉出血,2例切口脂肪液化。受者恢复情况比较:术后2周血肌酐和估算肾小球滤过率均无明显差异,肾功能恢复良好。HRPLDN和ODN组移植肾功能延迟恢复(delayed graft function,DGF)发生率分别为7.6%和8.8%,急性排斥反应(acute rejection,AR)发生率为4.6%和4.4%,尿瘘(urinary leakage,UL)发生率为1.5%和4.4%,差异均无统计学意义。110例供者及受者随访5~21个月,未出现肾功能异常。结论手辅助后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术相较开放手术,失血量明显减少,术后恢复快,住院时间更短,移植供受者DGF和尿瘘等并发症未明显增加,具有很好的安全性,可替代开放活体供肾切取术。     

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: Report of 105 cases

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy offers an intrinsic advantage over conventional transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy because of the potentially lower risk for early and late donor intraperitoneal complications.Herein we presented our experience performing retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy in 105 donors.All donor nephrectomy was successful.There were no donor deaths and no conversion to open surgery.Mean operation time was 112 min(range,70-200 min).Intraoperative blood loss was 10-150 mL with an average of 30 mL.Warm ischemia time was 1.3 to 6 min with an average of 3.1 min.Postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma occurred in only one case and there were no other surgical complications.Donors were discharged from the hospital 5 to 10 days postoperation.Average postoperative hospital stay was 6.4 days.One graft was removed due to acute rejection.Delayed graft function occurred in two recipients but renal function returned to normal within four weeks.The other recipients had normal renal function in two weeks except three recipients in four weeks.We believe that retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is safe,reliable,and less invasive.     

经腹非手助腹腔镜亲属活体供肾切取7例报告

目的探讨经腹非手助腹腔镜亲属活体供肾切取的手术技巧。方法总结我科2007年8月-2008年4月7例经腹非手助腹腔镜亲属活体供肾切取的手术经验。结果7例均在腹腔镜下顺利完成供肾切取,手术时间120-165min,平均146min;失血量30—70ml,平均50ml;热缺血时间60～90s,平均76s;肾动脉长2．0—3．5cm,平均2．7cm;肾静脉长2～3cm,平均2．5cm。结论经腹非手助腹腔镜亲属活体供肾切取是供肾切取的理想方法,默契的手术配合和细节处理对顺利完成手术至关重要。     

中国首例单孔多通道经腹腹腔镜活体供肾切取术

目的全面进行相关术前评估并取得患者知情同意后尝试进行中国首例单孔多通道经腹腹腔镜活体供肾切取术,探讨该手术的可行性和安全性,总结操作经验。方法 2011年11月9日,我科完成1例单孔多核通道(TriPortTM)经腹腹腔镜下活体供肾(左侧)切取术。供者,女,59岁,体质指数(BMI)21.6 kg/m2,术前血肌酐45μmol/L。术前核素(99mTc-DTPA)肾功能检查:左肾50 ml/min,右肾56 ml/min。受者,男,41岁,BMI 19.5 kg/m2,与供者为母子关系,术前血肌酐1 446μmol/L,因慢性肾功能不全(肾衰竭期)拟行肾移植术。取脐水平线上方经腹直肌纵行切口约5 cm,供肾动静脉及肾脏完全游离后,在髂血管水平离断输尿管和生殖静脉,将肾脏装入取物袋(EndoCatchTMBag),分别离断肾脏动静脉后,迅速将标本经原切口取出。结果在不增加任何额外切口的情况下顺利完成手术,手术时间210 min,术中出血50 ml,热缺血时间3.8 min。供肾动脉长度3.6 cm,静脉长度4.5 cm,输尿管长度13 cm。皮肤切口关闭时长度为5 cm。供肾移植术中再通血流后,色泽良好,20 s后即有尿液排出。供者术后第1天、第2天、第3天视觉模拟疼痛评分分别为2.5/10、1/10、0/10,术后未使用任何止痛药物,第4天出院,无任何术中或术后并发症。受者术后12 h、24 h、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d、6 d、7 d、出院前、术后1个月血肌酐分别为:475、282、148、145、117、100、103、98、80、84μmol/L,恢复顺利,术后第10天出院。结论初步经验表明单孔多通道经腹腹腔镜下活体供肾切取术安全、可行、有效。术后供者疼痛轻,恢复快,切口小,具有良好临床应用前景,但目前完成的病例数较少,仍需进一步临床经验积累。     

一名活体供肾者

去年我将我的一个肾脏捐给了一位名叫雷的老朋友,他患有多囊性肾病,还差几个月就需要血液透析。手术非常成功。雷恢复得非常好,现已回到工作中,而我自己感觉也非常良好,没有任何不良反应。这是给我们两个人留下的美好感受,     

Primary hyperparathyroidism unmasked by donor nephrectomy.

A patient who was normocalcaemic before donation of a kidney to her son developed hypercalcaemia in the immediate postoperative period, which was subsequently found to be due to a parathyroid adenoma. It is assumed that the hypercalcaemia was unmasked by the reduction in glomerular filtration rate following the nephrectomy.     

Consensus statement on the live organ donor

The Authors for the Live Organ Donor Consensus Group

JAMA. 2000;284:2919-2926.

Objective  To recommend practice guidelines for transplant physicians, primary care providers, health care planners, and all those who are concerned about the well-being of the live organ donor.

Participants  An executive group representing the National Kidney Foundation, and the American Societies of Transplantation, Transplant Surgeons, and Nephrology formed a steering committee of 12 members to evaluate current practices of living donor transplantation of the kidney, pancreas, liver, intestine, and lung. The steering committee subsequently assembled more than 100 representatives of the transplant community (physicians, nurses, ethicists, psychologists, lawyers, scientists, social workers, transplant recipients, and living donors) at a national conference held June 1-2, 2000, in Kansas City, Mo.

Consensus Process  Attendees participated in 7 assigned work groups. Three were organ specific (lung, liver, and kidney) and 4 were focused on social and ethical concerns (informed consent, donor source, psychosocial issues, and live organ donor registry). Work groups' deliberations were structured by a series of questions developed by the steering committee. Each work group presented its deliberations to an open plenary session of all attendees. This information was stored and shaped into a statement circulated electronically to all attendees for their comments, and finally approved by the steering committee for publication. The term consensus is not meant to convey universal agreement of the participants. The statement identifies issues of controversy; however, the wording of the entire statement is a consensus by approval of all attendees.

Conclusion  The person who gives consent to be a live organ donor should be competent, willing to donate, free from coercion, medically and psychosocially suitable, fully informed of the risks and benefits as a donor, and fully informed of the risks, benefits, and alternative treatment available to the recipient. The benefits to both donor and recipient must outweigh the risks associated with the donation and transplantation of the living donor organ.

     

腹腔镜下不阻断肾蒂的肾部分切除术20例

目的探讨在腹腔镜下不阻断肾蒂对小体积的肾肿瘤行肾部分切除术的可行性和临床效果。方法收集2008年9月~2013年9月20例肾占位病例,采用不阻断肾蒂的小体积肾部分切除术。肿瘤直径2.2~3.5cm,平均2.95cm。结果 20例患者均成功手术,手术时间45~70min,平均时间65min;术后病理报告提示切缘均为阴性;术中出血30~100mL,平均75mL;术后平均住院时间为7.2d;20例患者随访至今,无一例出现肿瘤局部转移或复发。结论不阻断肾蒂的肾部分切除术安全有效,可以减少肾脏热缺血时间,并有利于患者的术后恢复。     

腹腔镜辅助小切口技术切除无功能炎症性肾脏

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助小切口技术切除无功能炎症性肾脏的临床应用。方法回顾分析2006年2月至2009年6月采用腹腔镜辅助小切口技术治疗无功能炎症性肾脏12例,其中肾结核4例,继发于肾结石梗阻致脓肾6例,黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎2例。术前行肾脏功能学和影像学评价。记录手术时间、失血量、术中操作难点、中转情况、术后恢复及并发症情况。结果平均手术时间为（110±58）min,平均失血量（200±195）ml,术后平均住院日为7.3 d,3例中转开放手术,术中、术后无重要并发症发生。结论腹腔镜辅助小切口技术可以微创、安全地切除无功能炎症性肾脏,术前影像学评估患肾情况及术中采用合理技术可以减少并发症。     

Comparison of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy

Since its introduction in 1995,laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LDN) has been shown to alleviate postoperative pain,shorten hospital stay,reduce loss and improve cosmesis while hastening the recovery of normal activities of donors.1-3 However,there has been much controversy over minimally invasive surgery with transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach for nephrectomy.In this non-randomized retrospective study,we analyzed some parameters of the donors who had undergone transperitoneal LDN compared with those who had had retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy.     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术(附2例报告)

目的 探讨腹腔镜在肾切除手术中的应用。方法 采用腹腔镜技术经腹膜后途径行单纯肾切除和根治性肾切除手术各1例。结果 本组2例手术均获成功，肾切除手术时间分别为4h及4．5h，平均术中出血量为150ml，l例术后输红细胞2u，术后6—8d出院，无明显手术并发症。结论 经腹膜后途径腹腔镜肾切除具有损伤小、术后恢复快和住院时间短等优点，有良好的临床应用前景。     

后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术:附58例报告

目的 总结后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术(RLDN)的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析2008年3月至2010年1月58例RLDN临床资料,供者男32例,女26例,年龄20～61岁,平均42岁,56例取左侧供肾,2例取右侧供肾.前35例采用后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术,后23例采用改良后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术.结果 58例供肾切取术均获得成功,无供体死亡,无中转开放手术.手术时间70～130min,平均93min,术中出血10～50ml,平均20ml,供肾热缺血时间1.3～6min,平均2.8min.术后发生腹膜后血肿1例,无其他手术并发症,术后5～10d出院,平均6.4d.58例受者中2例发生移植肾功能延迟恢复,术后4周肾功能恢复正常,1例因急性排斥反应切除移植肾,3例术后4周肾功能恢复正常,余52例肾功能2周内恢复正常.结论 后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术安全、可靠、微创,改良后腹腔镜活体供肾切取术在保证供肾质量、微创前提下,降低了学习曲线,更易于掌握推广.