The Snodgrass repair: is stenting always necessary?

To evaluate the need for stenting in Snodgrass hypospadias repairs. Sixty-five boys underwent hypospadias repairs between April 1996 and July 2001. A variety of techniques were employed. Snodgrass repair was performed in 39 patients, MAGPI in 18, Glanular approximation procedures in 4, Mathieu procedures in 3 and one Duckett Onlay-flap. Seventeen patients, all Snodgrass repairs, had placement of a urethral stent for one week postoperatively. Follow-up at six weeks and one year or when toilet-trained was carried out on all patients. A Fisher's exact test was performed analysing the difference in outcome of the distal Snodgrass repairs depending on the presence or absence of a urethral stent. The patient age at the time of surgery ranged from 8-115 months, with a median of 21 months. Postoperative complications included 1 stent migration, 1 urethral diverticulum and 4 fistulas. Also in one patient part of the ventral skin flap on one side sloughed away, this was debrided and allowed to close by secondary intention. The fistula rate in the entire group is 6%, with an incidence of 10.5% in patients undergoing Snodgrass repair. In the cases having Snodgrass repair for meatal position other than mid- or proximal shaft there was no statistical difference in the incidence of fistula whether or not a stent was used. The long-term follow-up of the entire group indicates that 5 patients developed meatal narrowing, 3 in stented Snodgrass repairs, one patient who had a MAGPI and one GAP patient. Otherwise the long-term outcome of the surgery has been excellent for the entire group. We believe that stenting can be abandoned in distal repairs without compromising patient outcomes.     

一期开放手术加升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路术治疗主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏疾病效果观察

目的 评价主动脉缩窄(CoA)合并其他心脏疾病患者在开放心脏手术同期行升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路手术的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2010年3月—2014年7月阜外医院血管外科收治的36例CoA合并其他心脏疾病患者的临床资料。其中男24例,女12例;年龄25～63岁,平均39岁;上肢收缩压165 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),上下肢压差51 mmHg。36例患者均在开放心脏手术同期使用Y形人工血管行升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路术治疗,其中主动脉瓣替换8例,室间隔缺损修补6例,Bentall′s术15例,Wheat′s术7例。术后观察手术时间、术中出血量、重症监护治疗病房留观时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生情况、术后上肢血压和上下肢压差,以及术后早期病死率、术后人工血管通畅率及再手术率。对手术前后上肢收缩压及上下肢压差进行配对t检验。结果36例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间129～223 min,平均144 min;术中出血量250～700 mL,平均400 mL;重症监护治疗病房留观时间18～43 h,平均35 h;住院时间9～15 d,平均11 d。术后早期无死亡病例,无肾功能不全等并发症。术后第5天1例患者右侧人工血管血栓形成,其余患者人工血管血流通畅。术后第5天上肢收缩压(132±26)mmHg,上下肢平均压差(10±3)mmHg,均较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.322、3.193,P值均＜0.05)。术后36例患者均获随访,随访时间3～55个月,平均27个月。随访期间无一例死亡,上肢收缩压110～135 mmHg,上下肢压差5～12 mmHg,治疗有效率100%,无外科再干预。术后6～12个月行主动脉CTA复查,35例患者双侧人工血管血流通畅;1例术后即出现人工血管血栓形成的患者,随访期间血栓无明显变化,无新发血栓形成。结论 CoA合并心脏疾病患者在开放心脏手术同期行升主动脉-双髂外动脉旁路术,简化了手术操作,减少了手术创伤,安全有效,是治疗CoA合并心脏疾病的一种选择。     

颊黏膜片背侧镶嵌法尿道成形术在尿道下裂中的应用

目的评价采用背侧镶嵌法颊黏膜片移植加镍钛记忆合金尿道支架,对各型尿道下裂行尿道再造的效果。方法2004年10月至2006年6月对21例不同类型的尿道下裂,再造尿道内置入镍钛记忆合金尿道支架并经支架内插入6^#静脉切开引流管达膀胱以引流尿液,将颊黏膜之黏膜面朝向支架移植缝合同定于阴茎海绵体腹侧（再造尿道背侧）行尿道再造。结果2例有早期伤口渗尿,14～20d自愈,余19例患者伤口均一期愈合。21例患者随访8～18月,2例发生尿瘘、2例发生吻合口狭窄。尿瘘及吻合口狭窄于术后3～5月成功修复,尿道口及龟头形态良好,阴茎无歪斜。拔除尿道支架后排尿均通畅、尿线粗、无尿瘘及尿道狭窄等并发症。供区愈合良好,无不良并发症。结论颊黏膜片背侧镶嵌法尿道成形术对治疗各型尿道下裂是简单、效果好而创伤小的方法,尤其适合再造尿道的局部组织不足的患者。     

尿道下裂术后再手术单中心8年随访经验

目的：随访分析我院单中心8年治疗尿道下裂术后再手术患者的经验与得失。方法：回顾性分析2007年6月至2015年12月在我院治疗的43例尿道下裂术后失败后再次手术的患者，综合考虑患者年龄、原先手术次数、尿道开口位置、再次手术方式、手术时间与术后并发症，患者随访时间3~99月(平均52.3月)。结果：患者手术年龄32~212月(平均90.6月)，20例患者原先有1次手术史、12例2次手术史、9例3次手术史、2例病患经历4次手术。在以上患者中，21例行口腔粘膜镶嵌式尿道成形术、9例行Onlay手术、13例行TIP术式成形尿道。术后尿道瘘4例、尿道狭窄3例、术后血肿1例、阴茎弯曲1例与皮瓣坏死1例，并发症发生率23.3%。结论：尿道下裂术后失败患者再次手术的策略往往取决于患者局部可利用材料多寡与原术后疤痕的严重程度，口腔黏膜镶嵌式尿道成形技术可适用于腹侧尿道重建材料缺乏的患者，但是仍需要长期随访再次手术患者的尿道顺应性与残余弯曲情况。     

腹直肌旁入路治疗骨盆新月型骨折合并同侧耻骨支骨折

目的 探讨腹直肌旁入路治疗骨盆新月型骨折合并同侧耻骨支骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年4月至2019年3月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院采用腹直肌旁入路治疗骨盆新月型骨折合并同侧耻骨支骨折的22例患者的资料。其中,男12例,女10例; 年龄19 ～ 70岁,平均年龄（43.1±12.3）岁。手术采用腹直肌旁入路切开复位并用钢板固定骨折断端。记录手术时间和术中出血量,观察并发症情况; 根据Matta标准和末次随访时的Majeed评分分别对术后复位情况和临床功能进行评价。结果 22例患者手术获得解剖复位,手术时间75 ～ 158 min,平均（101.6±19.7） min; 术中出血量230 ～ 890 mL,平均（395.5±170.3） mL; 所有患者均获得9 ～ 24个月随访,平均（13.4±5.3）个月; 所有患者骨折愈合顺利,未出现伤口脂肪液化、感染、伤口不愈、内固定物松动、骨折再次移位等并发症。末次随访时Majeed评分: 优22例。结论 腹直肌旁入路治疗骨盆新月型骨折合并同侧耻骨支骨折创伤小、出血少,切口相关并发症发生率低,临床疗效满意。     

Operative treatment for proximal phalangeal neck fractures of the finger in children

Displacement and inappropriate treatment of a proximal phalangeal neck fracture may result in malunion of the fracture with consequent loss of motion and gross deformity, especially in children. We performed a retrospective study of twenty-four patients who had undergone operative treatment for a proximal phalangeal neck fracture, with a mean follow-up evaluation of 14 months (range: 12-30 months). We analyzed the types of fractures, their causes, operative treatments, complications, and functional outcomes. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 14 years (average: 4.8 years). Twenty of the 24 patients had open reduction and internal fixation, and fourteen of these 20 patients had criss-cross pin fixation. Four of the 24 patients had closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. The average length of immobilization was 3.5 weeks. Excellent or good results were seen in 18 patients (75%). Two patients had complications, which included volar angular deformity and mild button-hole deformity. We recommend that careful initial radiography, particularly, true lateral view radiographs, be required for proper diagnosis. The best results can only be obtained with accurate anatomical reduction of the fracture and early active motion exercise.     

钽金属骨小梁臼杯在腔隙性髋臼缺损全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 探讨钽金属骨小梁臼杯合并颗粒及结构性植骨在腔隙性髋臼缺损全髋关节置换术(THA)中应用的早期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2011年11月—2013年5月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院骨科,应用钽金属骨小梁金属臼杯联合颗粒或结构性植骨治疗的43例(49髋)存在腔隙性髋臼缺损或合并有节段型骨缺损的THA患者的临床资料。其中男20例(23髋),女23例(26髋);年龄48～71岁,平均(56±7)岁。初次关节置换37例(42髋),翻修6例(7髋)。记录手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量及术后并发症发生情况。术后采用Harris评分、西安大略湖与麦克马斯特大学关节炎(WOMAC)评分及VAS评分评定手术前后髋关节功能及疼痛改善情况。采用DeLee-Chanley影像学评价标准评估髋臼假体松动情况,同时采用Engh影像学评价标准观察髋臼-骨接触面骨长入情况。结果 本组43例(49髋)患者,手术时间70～110 min,平均(87±18)min;术中出血量600～1 200 mL,平均(850±200) mL;手术切口长度10～15 cm,平均(12±2)cm。所有患者获得随访,随访时间18～45个月,平均37个月。术后3个月、1年及末次随访时,Harris评分均明显高于术前,VAS评分和WOMAC评分均明显低于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。术后6个月根据Harris评分标准评定髋关节功能:优30例,良19例,优良率100%。术后12个月全部患者髋臼杯与骨面均紧密接触,骨质缺损填充良好,无假体松动。结论 对于腔隙性髋臼缺损患者,采用钽金属骨小梁金属髋臼杯结合植骨技术行THA或翻修术早期疗效满意,远期结果仍然需要进一步观察。     

组织工程补片治疗尿道下裂修补后尿漏

背景：以往尿道下裂手术多选用自身组织进行修补,但Ⅰ期术后尿漏患者再次手术修补时局部可用组织较少,且应用其他组织存在操作复杂、损伤大等危险。 目的：观察组织工程补片治疗尿道下裂的效果,评价其组织相容性情况及临床疗效。 方法：2009-01/2010-10对8例尿道下裂手术后尿漏患者行组织补片Ⅰ期尿道成型术,观察修补后疗效及围手术期的组织相容性。 结果与结论：8例患者均Ⅰ期手术成功,其中1例出现轻度漏尿、给予局部涂抹生物蛋白胶后漏尿现象消失,住院期间无发热、局部水肿、皮管及皮瓣坏死等情况,随访4~6个月,患者可以站立排尿,未出现漏尿、顽固性包皮水肿等并发症。     

经胸前路一期病灶清除椎间钛网植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核15例

目的探讨经胸前路一期病灶清除椎间钛网植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核的手术方法和临床效果。方法选取2006年~2012年我院收治的15例胸椎结核患者,术前行正规抗结核化疗2~3周,一期行经胸前路结核病灶清除,切除病变椎体,减压椎管,钛网椎体间植骨,并在椎体侧方采用钉棒内固定系统重建脊柱稳定性。病人术后卧床2~8周,并继续正规化疗12~18个月。观察术后腰背部疼痛缓解程度、脊髓神经功能恢复、植骨融合愈合率及结核有无复发。结果随访时间为24~36个月,平均29个月,无病例失访。14例患者手术切口一期愈合,1例术后伤口感染,经换药后完全愈合;腰背痛均得到有效缓解;术前伴有脊髓功能障碍的7例患者术后神经功能均基本恢复;所有患者植骨均融合,未见内固定失效,脊柱后凸畸形获得明显矫正且矫形得到了保持,无一例病例复发。结论经胸前路一期病灶清除椎间钛网植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核能彻底清除病灶,解除病灶对脊髓压迫,重建脊柱稳定性,取得较满意的临床疗效,是安全、确切、有效的胸椎结核手术方法。     

口腔黏膜尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

目的:探讨采用口腔黏膜尿道成形术治疗局部组织缺损的尿道下裂之临床疗效.方法:手术治疗阴茎体型尿道下裂7例.其中5例患者有手术失败史,先行一期阴茎整形术,6个月后二期行口腔黏膜尿道成形术;另2例初次手术患者行一期口腔黏膜尿道成形术.结果:随访8～36个月.5例一期痊愈,术后排尿通畅,尿线粗,术后1例出现吻合口瘘,术后半年给予尿瘘修补痊愈;1例术后出现尿道外口狭窄,定期门诊尿道扩张,2个月后排尿通畅.口腔创面黏膜光滑无疤痕形成.结论:口腔黏膜尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂,手术方法简单,效果好,术后阴茎外观美观.尤其适用于局部组织缺乏的尿道下裂患者.     

Midterm results for endovascular stent grafts via median sternotomy for distal aortic arch aneurysm

Dislocation or perigraft leakage is a major problem during the follow-up period for endovascular stent graft (EVG) implantation via median sternotomy for distal aortic arch aneurysm. Anchoring sutures have been applied for the prevention of these complications. Here, we evaluate the midterm results and the efficacy of anchoring sutures. There were 21 male and 2 female patients enrolled in the study with an average age of 70 years (59–83). Aneurysm types were 21 true aneurysms (13 fusiform, 8 saccular), 1 chronic dissection, and 1 penetrating aortic ulcer. Total arch replacement was performed in two patients and aortocoronary bypass grafting was combined in four patients. Anchoring sutures to fix the EVG via median sternotomy were applied for 11 recent patients. The average follow-up period was 44 (22–79) months. There were no operative mortalities, but one case of paraplegia, one of stroke, and two of temporary spinal cord dysfunction. Complications related to EVG via median sternotomy occurred in five patients who had not received anchoring sutures, but the 11 patients with anchoring sutures showed no EVG-related complications. A chronic type B dissection revealed impending rupture due to false lumen infection 1 year after operation and repeat surgery was performed. Stent dislocation occurred in four patients, two of whom required repeat surgery via left thoracotomy due to endoleakage 3 and 4 years after surgery. One died from aneurismal rupture 5 years after surgery. One required emergency graft replacement because of graft perforation 5 years after surgery. The proportion of patients free from EVG-related events at 5 years after surgery was 75%. Anchoring sutures (P = 0.0155) and a large aneurysm of more than 80 mm (P = 0.0190) were predictors of late EVG-related complications. There were five late deaths: two were from stroke, one from rupture, one from cancer, and one from multiple organ failure after repeat surgery. EVG shortens postoperative recovery with relatively lower mortality, but spinal cord injury is a complication occurring with a relatively high rate. Patients with large aneurysms are not good candidates for EVG implantation via median sternotomy Anchoring sutures to fix the EVG to the aortic wall should help prevent EVG-related events and improve the durability of EVG.     

显微镜辅助下固定通道手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨显微镜辅助下经固定通道手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及可行性。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月—2016年3月大连医科大学附属第一医院脊柱外科手术治疗的43例腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料。其中男25例、女18例,年龄28～77(46.49±6.60)岁;病变节段L_2/3 3例, L_4/5 24例,L₅/S₁ 16例。保守治疗效果不佳后均采用显微镜辅助下固定通道手术治疗。通过观察术前、术后3个月和末次随访腿疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)对手术效果进行评价。末次随访时应用改良MacNab评定标准进行治疗效果判定。结果 43例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间10～18(14.49±1.98)个月,无脑脊液漏、感染、神经根损伤等并发症。按照改良MacNab评定标准,本组疗效优16例、良23例、可4例,优良率为90.7%(39/43)。术后3个月和末次随访VAS及ODI与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01),而术后3个月与末次随访时比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 显微镜辅助下固定通道手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后疗效满意,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种可行且有效的手术方法。     

双通道镜下腰椎间融合术治疗退变性腰椎疾病的手术要点和早期疗效

目的　介绍双通道镜下腰椎间融合术（biportal endoscopic lumbar intervertebral fusion,BELIF）的手术要点,报道短期临床疗效及手术并发症。 方法　54例患者（男性24例,女性30例,年龄38~79岁）接受BELIF术并随访3个月以上的。记录术前术后腰腿痛VAS及ODI评分。统计总手术时间,镜下操作时间,记录围手术期并发症,计算围手术期失血量,测量植骨区域占总椎间盘面积的百分比。 结果　腰疼VAS评分由术前（6.13±0.64）分改善至末次随访时的（2.21±1.04）分（P<0.05）,ODI评分由术前（46.54±13.75）改善至（14.78±9.23）（P<0.05）。平均手术时间164 min,平均镜下时间102 min。平均出血量为（156±31）ml。平均植骨面积（48.5±9.4）%。未出现严重并发症。 结论　BELIF术短期临床疗效好,并发症少,是一种兼顾微创,安全及效率的腰椎融合手术。     

双通道镜下腰椎间融合术治疗退变性腰椎疾病的手术要点和早期疗效

目的　介绍双通道镜下腰椎间融合术（biportal endoscopic lumbar intervertebral fusion，BELIF）的手术要点，报道短期临床疗效及手术并发症。 方法　54例患者（男性24例，女性30例，年龄38~79岁）接受BELIF术并随访3个月以上的。记录术前术后腰腿痛VAS及ODI评分。统计总手术时间，镜下操作时间，记录围手术期并发症，计算围手术期失血量，测量植骨区域占总椎间盘面积的百分比。 结果　腰疼VAS评分由术前（6.13±0.64）分改善至末次随访时的（2.21±1.04）分（P<0.05），ODI评分由术前（46.54±13.75）改善至（14.78±9.23）（P<0.05）。平均手术时间164 min，平均镜下时间102 min。平均出血量为（156±31）ml。平均植骨面积（48.5±9.4）%。未出现严重并发症。 结论　BELIF术短期临床疗效好，并发症少，是一种兼顾微创，安全及效率的腰椎融合手术。     

全关节镜下改良Broström术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨全关节镜下改良Broström术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2016年1月—2018年6月徐州市中心医院慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者33例(33侧),其中男20例、女13例,年龄16～55(30.3±5.7)岁;右侧22例,左侧11例。病程12~48(25.6±14.2)个月。受伤原因:扭伤28例,车祸伤5例。所有患者进行全关节镜下的改良Broström手术。术后定期随访,观察患者伤口愈合情况,并发症发生情况,观察踝关节活动情况,踝关节内翻应力试验、踝关节前抽屉试验检查踝关节稳定情况及步态。术后12个月采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价踝关节疼痛情况,采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分和Karlsson 踝关节功能评分(KAFS)评价踝关节功能。对比患者手术前与术后12个月VAS、AOFAS、KAFS评分改善情况。结果 33例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间35～80(50.3±12.6)min。术后患者切口均一期愈合,未出现伤口感染、神经损伤、血管损伤、肌腱损伤等并发症。33例患者均获得随访,随访时间12～40(25.0±10.7)个月。末次随访时,患者均无置入物排斥反应或线结反应;踝关节疼痛完全消失,关节活动度良好;踝关节内翻应力试验、踝关节前抽屉试验均阴性,未出现踝关节外侧不稳定,患者均恢复正常步态。术后12个月依据AOFAS评分标准,踝关节功能优27例、良6例;依据KAFS评分标准,踝关节功能优28例、良5例。术后12个月VAS评分由术前(6.02±1.93)分降低到(1.33±0.16)分,AOFAS评分由术前(61.75±13.08)分提高到(92.37±4.15)分,KAFS评分由术前(64.46±10.81)分提高到(93.19±5.58)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=12.765, -13.303, -12.346, P值均＜0.05)。结论 全关节镜下改良Broström术,手术创伤小,是一种治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的有效方法。     

Effect of Blalock Taussig shunt on clinical parameters, left ventricular function and pulmonary arteries

Twenty children (mean age 3.25 years) with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing modified left Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt were studied. The mean follow-up period was 9.5 months (range 6 months to 1 year). The shunt was performed for cyanotic spells in 15 (75%) and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries in 5 (25%) patients. There were no immediate or late complications. None had cyanotic spell after the shunt. The mean arterial oxygen saturation improved from 66.47 +/- 11.9 to 76.97 +/- 8.16% (p = 0.0003) and mean hematocrit decreased from 51.55 +/- 9.5 to 46.5 +/- 9.7 (p = 0.002) after the shunt. The left atrial systolic volume and left ventricular diastolic volume also increased significantly following the shunt (from 15.82 +/- 6.37 to 20.83 +/- 8.91 ml p = 0.006 and from 36.13 +/- 16.08 to 41.08 +/- 20.07 ml (p = 0.01) respectively. There was significant growth of main, right and left pulmonary arteries and pulmonary valve annulus after the procedure.     

旋转铰链型人工膝关节假体的临床应用

目的：探讨旋转铰链型人工膝关节临床应用的近期疗效。方法：2003年2月～2012年4月,应用旋转铰链型人工膝关节假体进行全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节严重畸形和不稳定23例膝。其中骨性关节炎15例,类风湿性关节炎6例,左股骨骨折术后创伤性关节炎l例,左胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎合并前交叉韧带、内侧半月板损伤及内侧侧副韧带断裂l例。术前HSS（hospital for special surgery）评分36～58分,平均48．6分;术前膝关节屈曲活动度21°～80°,平均57.4°。结果：术后患者均获随访6个月～3年,平均23．6个月。无下肢静脉血栓形成、无腓总神经麻痹等并发症发生。23例患者随访时,HSS评分78～98分,平均91．1分,较术前平均增加45．5分,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后2周,膝关节屈曲活动度为75°～100°,平均85．2°,最后随访时膝关节屈曲活动度为85°～120°,平均108．3°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换术近期疗效肯定,远期疗效尚待进一步随访。     

Dissolution of cholesterol gallbladder stones by methyl tert-butyl ether administered by percutaneous transhepatic catheter

We treated 75 patients with symptomatic cholesterol gallstones by dissolving the stones with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) instilled into the gallbladder through a percutaneous transhepatic catheter. The MTBE was continuously infused and aspirated manually four to six times a minute, for an average of five hours per day for one to three days; the treatment was monitored by fluoroscopy. The placement of the catheter and the administration of MTBE caused few side effects or complications, and treatment did not have to be stopped in any patient for this reason. In 72 patients there was complete dissolution of stones or more than 95 percent dissolution. Among 21 patients who were completely free of stones after treatment, 4 had recurrence of stone formation 6 to 16 months later. The other 51 patients had residual debris, which spontaneously cleared completely in 15 patients within 6 to 35 months; only 7 with persisting debris have had symptoms. Five of the initial 6 patients treated, but only 1 of the next 69 patients, have required surgery during follow-up periods of 6 to 42 months. We conclude that the dissolution of gallstones by MTBE delivered through a percutaneous transhepatic catheter is a useful alternative to surgery in selected patients with symptomatic cholesterol stones. Further study will be necessary to establish the long-term effectiveness of this treatment and its appropriate role in the management of the various types of gallstones.     

全胸腔镜手术治疗婴幼儿先天性膈疝的临床研究

目的 探讨全胸腔镜手术治疗婴幼儿先天性膈疝的临床效果以及安全性、可行性。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2015年4月—2021年3月南京医科大学附属儿童医院小儿心胸外科97例先天性膈疝患儿的临床资料。其中男61例、女36例,年龄2 d~3岁[（3.1 ± 7.2）个月];左侧51例,右侧46例。所有患儿均在胸腔镜下行膈疝修补术,术中观察疝内容物有无坏死、穿孔、损伤等情况,记录胸腔镜手术患儿的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流量、引流管拔除时间、手术后住院时间。术后定期随访,观察切口感染、膈膨升、乳糜胸、气胸、肠梗阻等相关并发症发生情况,以及术后膈疝复发情况。结果 97例患儿均在全胸腔镜下顺利完成手术,无一例中转开胸手术。术中见疝囊内容物多为脾脏、胃、大网膜、结肠、小肠等,无肠穿孔坏死、肝脾出血等情况发生。手术时间75~150（90.5 ± 12.1） min,手术出血量6~15（8.3 ± 0.6） mL,术后胸腔引流量30~130（41.2 ± 7.6） mL,引流管拔除时间3~10（6.1 ± 1.3） d,手术后住院时间10~18（11.7 ± 2.1） d。住院期间因缝线脱落导致复发2例,再次行胸腔镜手术治愈;1例患儿术后第1天因左肺严重发育不良死亡。术后96例患儿均获随访,随访时间1个月~3年,平均9.2个月。随访期间无切口感染、乳糜胸、呼吸道感染、肠梗阻、肠穿孔等并发症发生,患儿生长发育良好,无一例复发。结论 全胸腔镜手术治疗婴幼儿先天性膈疝具有手术视野暴露清楚、术中出血量少、术后并发症少、住院时间短等优点,短期疗效可靠,安全可行。     

关节镜手术在顽固性跟痛症治疗中的应用

目的 探讨关节镜下跟骨骨刺切除、跖筋膜松解、射频消融及跟骨减压术治疗顽固性跟痛症的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年5月—2016年12月遂宁市中心医院关节外科手术治疗且有完整随访资料的47例(47足)顽固性跟痛症患者的临床资料。其中接受开放手术治疗21例21足(开放组),接受关节镜下骨刺切除、跖筋膜松解、射频消融及跟骨减压术治疗26例26足(关节镜组)。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分对患者术前和术后1周及1、2、3、6个月疼痛和功能分别进行评估,同时观察围手术期并发症,术后半年根据患者在主观满意度评价疗效。结果 47例患者手术均顺利完成,随访时间6~18个月,平均11.2个月。开放组出现并发症8例(38.1%),其中皮瓣发黑、伤口延期愈合4例,足内侧或外侧麻木4例;关节镜组出现并发症3例(11.5%),均为足外侧麻木;两组并发症比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.209, P＞0.05)。开放组住院时间和住院费用分别为(15.0±4.9)d和(9 647.3±1 039.7)元,关节镜组分别为(9.3±2.2)d、(1 1557.6±1 099.6)元,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.944、6.066,P值均<0.01)。VAS:切开组患者术后1个月开始疼痛明显缓解(P＜0.05),关节镜组从术后1周开始疼痛明显缓解(P<0.05)、术后3个月达稳定状态,关节镜组术后1周达到切开组1个月时的疼痛缓解程度。AOFAS踝-后足功能评分:切开组术后3个月开始明显提高,关节镜组术后1个月开始明显提高(P<0.05)、3个月达稳定状态,关节镜组患者术后1个月达到切开组3个月功能改善程度。随访半年时,关节镜组VAS、AOFAS踝-后足功能评分仍优于开放组。切开组患者满意率为85.7%(18/21),关节镜组为96.2%(25/26),差异无统计学意义(Z=0.542, P>0.05)。结论 关节镜手术治疗顽固性跟痛症较开放手术而言,住院时间短、疼痛缓解快、功能恢复快,但仍存在部分患者术后患足麻木及疗效不佳的缺陷,需进一步研究局部神经解剖及支配,达到更好的临床疗效。