经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆B型钠尿肽水平的影响

目的探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平的影响。方法选取行PBMV的患者20例设为观察组,检测术前、术后20 min及24 h的血浆BNP水平;另选择健康体检者20例为对照组,检测血浆BNP水平,分析其与血流动力学参数的相关性。结果观察组术后20 min、24 h血浆BNP浓度逐渐下降,各时间点之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);组间比较,观察组术前及术后不同时间点BNP浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.01)。术后20 min,观察组肺动脉收缩压(PAP)和左心房压(MLAP)、左心房内径(LAD)较术前降低,二尖瓣口心面积(MVA)较术前增加(P0.01),右心房压(MRAP)无显著变化(P0.05);术后24 h,MVA较术前增加,LAD减少(P0.01),与术后20 min比较无显著变化(P0.05)。术前及术后20 min,观察组血浆BNP浓度与PAP(r=0.473、0.457,P0.05或P0.01)和MLAP(r=0.446、0.457,P0.05)呈正相关。结论风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆BNP浓度与PAP和MLAP呈正相关,BNP水平变化对评价PBMV后左心房功能具有参考价值。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术在二尖瓣狭窄伴重度心力衰竭时的应用

介绍二尖瓣狭窄伴重度心力衰竭（心衰）患者实施经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（PBMV）的结果和初步体会。9例患者中男6例，女3例，年龄24～52岁，全部患者心功能均为Ⅳ级（按NYHA分级），术前抗心衰药物治疗效果极不理想。经施行PBMV后，血流动力学明显得已改善：左房平均压由术前4．34±1．02kPa（1kPa=7．5mmHg）降至术后1．64±0．82kPa，二尖瓣跨瓣压差由术前3．26±0．84kPa降至术后0．72±0．56kPa；瓣口面积由术前0．78±0．30cm~2增至术后2．11±0．24cm~2，左房内径术后较术前缩小了约10mm（P值均＜0．001）；在短期内心功能迅速恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，运动耐量明显增加，心衰症状缓解率达100％。作者认为：二尖瓣狭窄伴重度心衰时，只要排除了加重心衰的其他原因，应尽早施行PBMV，PBMV是一种安全、可靠和行之有效的治疗方法。作者同时对PBMV时球囊方式选择及并发症的防治进行了讨论。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者长期疗效

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)后远期疗效。方法　对 10 7例患者接受PBMV术治疗后进行随访 ,包括超声心动图和临床心功能评价 ,平均随访时间 (5 .3± 1.6 )年。结果　超声心动图的术前、术后 7天内、随诊的二尖瓣面积、左房内径、二尖瓣跨瓣压力阶差分别为 (1.0 4± 0 .2 1)mm2 、(4 6± 6 )mm、(18± 7)mmHg(1mmHg=0 .133kPa) ;(1.73± 0 .2 7)mm2 、(4 4± 8)mm、(8± 4 )mmHg ;(1.6 3± 0 .2 4 )mm2 、(38± 6 )mm、(10± 4 )mmHg。术前与术后 7天内相比P <0 .0 1,术前与随访相比P <0 .0 1,再狭窄率为 10 % ,心功能改善并维持Ⅰ、Ⅱ级有 86 .9%(93例 )。结论　PBMV治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄的远期效果良好 ,未见严重并发症。     

超声心动图对二尖瓣狭窄瓣膜置换术后血流动力学改变的研究

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声心动图了解二尖瓣狭窄患者接受二尖瓣置换术(MVR)前、后血流动力学改变情况。方法 回顾性分析37例二尖瓣狭窄患者接受MVR前、后左房内径、三尖瓣反流速率、肺动脉收缩压(PAPS)及左室射血分数改变情况，并进行PAPS与二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MV△P)间相关性分析。结果 所有患者术后均健康存活，平均随访15．8个月。随访结果：MVR后左房内径、三尖瓣反流速度及PAPS均较术前显著下降，而左室射血分数则较术前显著上升。PAPS与MV△P间呈显著正相关，且随PAPS升高，PAPS与MV△P差值亦显著升高。结论MVR能有效地改善二尖瓣狭窄血流动力学，PAPS与MV△P呈正相关，重度肺动脉高压患者肺循环内存在二级狭窄。     

"纽扣状"转移保留二尖瓣全装置瓣膜置换及其对左心功能的影响

目的：探讨风湿性心脏病二尖瓣病变以狭窄为主的病人采用“钮扣状”转移保留全瓣装置二尖瓣置换的方法及对左心功能的影响。方法：对80例二尖瓣狭窄需行二尖瓣置换的患者，分为：A组(术中“钮扣状”保留全部二尖瓣瓣下结构)．B组(术中仅保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构)和C组(术中未保留瓣下结构)；术前、术后3～6个月行超声心动图检查。结果：A组术后左室舒张末（LVEDV）、收缩末（LVESV）容积，左室射血分数(LVEF)、短轴缩短率（LVFS）的改善优于B、C组，对于射血分数的改善A组显著优于B、C组。A、B组主动脉阻断时间较C组延长，但A、B两组无显著差异。总体转流时间C组较A、B两组缩短。结论：风湿性心脏病以二尖瓣狭窄为主的病人行瓣膜置换时可采用“纽扣状”转移保留全部瓣下装置；病人术后早期心功能的改善优于部分保留组和不保留组。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄瓣膜置换前后NT-proBNP浓度的变化

目的探讨风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者瓣膜置换术前后血浆氨基末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)浓度的动态变化及NT-proBNP浓度对术后转归的预测价值。方法检测42例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄施行心瓣膜置换术的患者在术前和术后1、3、12、30d血浆NT-proBNP浓度,分析术前NT-proBNP浓度与心功能分级(NYHA)、瓣膜狭窄程度(MVA)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及房颤的关系,比较手术前后NT-proBNP的差异及变化规律,评价血浆NT-proBNP浓度对手术转归的预测价值。结果术前血浆NT-proBNP浓度与心功能、房颤呈正相关(r=0.69,P<0.01;r=0.71,P<0.01),与瓣膜开口面积、LVEF呈负相关(r=―0.48,P<0.01;r=―0.35,P<0.01)。术后第1天血浆NT-proBNP浓度急剧升至峰值,第3天至第12天逐渐降至接近术前水平,第30天降至术前水平以下。术后ICU治疗时间、总住院时间和强心药应用时间与术前、术后第1天NT-proBNP浓度无明显相关性,与术后第3天NT-proBNP浓度呈正相关。术后第3天NT-proBNP浓度较术后第1天下降50%以上的患者心力衰竭发生率明显低于下降小于50%的患者(P<0.01)。结论动态监测心脏瓣膜置换术后NT-proBNP浓度对评估术后心脏功能和判断预后有一定价值。     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者左心房功能对继发性三尖瓣反流的影响

目的探讨风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者左心房大小及功能对继发性三尖瓣反流的影响。 方法选取2015年2月至2017年2月来阜外医院就诊的中度或重度风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者67例，所有患者均行二尖瓣人工瓣膜置换手术，并于术前行超声心动图检查，均明确存在继发性三尖瓣反流。选取2016年于阜外医院就诊的门诊患者20例作为正常对照组，且均于就诊时行超声心动图检查。对研究组与正常对照组各项超声参数及左心房功能进行比较，对研究组左心房功能与三尖瓣结构及功能的相关性及继发性三尖瓣反流的影响因素进行分析。 结果研究组患者的三尖瓣瓣环直径指数与左心房面积变化率、排空分数及左心房平均应变呈强相关性（r=-0.65、-0.58和-0.59，P均<0.01）。肺动脉收缩压与左心房面积变化率、排空分数及左心房平均应变呈较强的负相关性（r=-0.60、-0.58和-0.59，P均<0.01）。Logistic多因素回归分析显示，三尖瓣瓣环直径指数、瓣叶闭合高度和肺动脉收缩压是影响术前继发性三尖瓣反流的相关因素（OR=1.916、2.382、1.059，95%CI：1.18~3.109、1.312~4.323、1.009~1.111，P均<0.05）。Logistic回归分析发现肺动脉收缩压、左心房面积变化率和左心房平均应变是影响三尖瓣瓣环增大的危险因素（OR=1.044、0.875、0.809，95%CI：1.002~1.088、0.761~0.964、0.656~0.997，P均<0.05）。 结论左心房扩大、功能减低参与了继发性三尖瓣反流的发生，左心房面积变化率和房壁平均应变减低会引发三尖瓣瓣环增大，从而导致三尖瓣反流的发生及加重。二维斑点追踪技术分析左心房应变可以提供更早期的左心房功能信息。     

应变率成像技术评价风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者换瓣前后心肌收缩功能

目的 应用应变率成像(SRI)技术对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者换瓣前后心肌收缩功能进行测量,并评价其判断二尖瓣换瓣术预后的价值.方法 42例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者按术后恢复情况分为A、B两组:A组30例为恢复良好组,B组12例为恢复较差组;健康对照组26例.术前及术后常规超声心动图检测二尖瓣瓣口面积、左心房和左心室大小、左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率;应用SRI技术测量左心室各壁基底段和中间段收缩期峰值应变率(SRs)参数,比较术前、术后1个月的SRs变化情况.结果 术前A、B两组左心室壁各节段SRs均小于对照组相应节段(P＜0.05);B组各节段SRs均小于A组对应节段(P＜0.05).术后A组左心室壁各节段明显改善(P＜0.05).B组术后左心室壁各节段SRs改善不明显(P＞0.05).结论 SRI技术可定量评价风湿性MS患者心肌收缩功能,对判断手术预后具有一定的临床意义.     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术后三尖瓣返流的再手术治疗

目的分析风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术后再发三尖瓣返流（TR）患者的临床特点、外科手术方法和疗效,总结围手术期处理经验。方法2000年1月至2011年12月,17例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术后再发三尖瓣返流的患者在我院接受单纯再次三尖瓣手术,行三尖瓣成形术10例,包括单纯DeVega成形术1例、瓣叶成形＋人工瓣环成形9例;行三尖瓣置换术7例,其中置换生物瓣4例,双叶机械瓣3例,回顾性分析其临床表现、诊治经过和预后情况。结果术后早期死亡1例（5．88％,1／17）,死于术后左心功能衰竭。术后发生低心排血量综合征3例,肾功能不全2例,呼吸功能不全2例,均成功救治。随访14例,随访时间3～9年,心功能I级2例,Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级4例。失访2例。结论对风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术后三尖瓣返流患者再手术治疗效果较好,合理掌握手术指征、手术时机和良好的围手术期处理是提高手术成功率的关键。     

Clinical application in routine practice of the proximal flow convergence method to calculate the mitral surface area in mitral valve stenosis

Background: Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography planimetry, the Doppler pression half-time (PHT), and the continuity equation methods were used to estimate mitral valve area (MVA) in patients with mitral stenosis (MS). Recently, the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method has been shown to be accurate for calculating MVA. The purpose of this study is (1) to compare in a large non-selected population the accuracy of the PISA and planimetry methods for echocardiographic estimation of MVA; (2) to determine the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF), Wilkins score, associated mitral regurgitation (MR), aortic regurgitation (AR), and of commissural calcifications on the accuracy of the PISA method. Methods: One hundred and eight consecutive patients with rheumatic MS were studied (76 females and 32 males; mean age: 36 ± 12 years); 64 were in sinus rhythm; 51 had associated MR and 46 had AR. By the PISA method, MVA was calculated assuming a uniform radius flow convergence region along a hemispherical surface. Results: The mean value of 2D MVA was 1.32 ± 0.59 cm² (0.4–3.1 cm²) and that of PISA MVA 1.33 ± 0.62 cm² (0.38–3 cm²). MVA calculated using the PISA method correlated well with 2D MVA (r = 0.93, y = 0.97x + 0.04, p < 0.0001, SEE = 0.21 cm²). The correlation was also good in patients with AF (r = 0.93, y = 0.99x + 0.03, p < 0.0001, SEE = 0.21 cm²), with MR (r = 0.94, y = 1.014x + 0.003, p < 0.0001, SEE = 0.19 cm²), with AR (r = 0.93, y = 0.90x + 0.11, p < 0.0001, SEE = 0.2 cm²), when Wilkins score was >8 (r = 0.92, y = 0.96x + 0.06, p < 0.0001, SEE = 0.19 cm²), and in patients with commissural calcifications (r = 0.90, y = 0.88x + 0.009, p < 0.0001, SEE = 0.20 cm²). Conclusion:Our study shows that in routine practice, MVA calculated by the PISA method correlated well with the area obtained by planimetry even in the presence of commissural calcifications, associated MR, AR, AF and of high Wilkins score. Therefore, the PISA method provides a reliable measurement of the MVA in MS under different anatomic and clinical conditions and may be a useful alternative method for calculating MVA.     

Predictors of adverse outcomes after transcatheter mitral valve replacement

Introduction: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is still a recent technology with numerous unknowns but also great promises. The risk of complications reported in observational studies have limited its adoption by interventional cardiology and surgical communities.

Areas covered: Some of the major setbacks of TMVR are complications related to the devices and those related to the pathway. Device-related complications include left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, transcatheter heart valve (THV) dislocation or embolization, thrombosis, and stroke. The transapical approach currently remains the main pathway for TMVR but is associated with high risk of major bleeding and residual apical myocardial scarring. Complication prediction and prevention seem possible. Device-related complication prediction is based on pre-operative imaging including multi-slice computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstructions and echocardiography which allow LVOT obstruction prediction and appropriate sizing aiming at avoiding dislocation. Industry should aim at the development of transfemoral delivery systems. Nevertheless, several recent feasibility observational studies suggested acceptable safety and efficacy of transcatheter mitral valve replacement.

Expert opinion: TMVR complications and transapical delivery are some of the main setbacks which need to be addressed for TMVR to be adopted for broad clinical use.     

The relationship between the level of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide and mitral stenosis

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are both secreted primarily from the ventricle myocardium in response to the increase in volume and pressure. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of mitral stenosis (MS) and the level of plasma BNP. A total of 56 patients (50 female, 6 male) were included in the study. Mitral stenosis and its related parameters were evaluated by echocardiographic methods. Patients were divided into three groups as with mild, moderate and severe MS according to their planimetric valvular area. Plasma BNP levels were measured using “Triage-B-type natriuretic peptide test” method (Biosite Diagnostics, San Diego). The relationship of BNP with mitral stenosis and other echocardiographic parameters were studied. The comparison of the 3 groups with one another revealed that the BNP level in the group with moderate MS was higher than that in the group with mild MS, however it was statistically insignificant (74.9 ± 49.7 versus 49.9 ± 40.5 pg/ml, p > 0.05). BNP level in the group with severe MS was significantly higher than that in the mild MS (144.3 ± 83.9 versus 49.9 ± 40.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and that in the moderate MS group (144.3 ± 83.9 versus. 74.9 ± 49.7 pg/ml, p < 0.05). When patients were taken together, as the area of the mitral valve decreased, the level of BNP underwent a corresponding increase (r:−0.48, p < 0.001). We have ascertained that the level of plasma BNP and the degree of MS are significantly correlated, and as MS becomes more serious, the plasma BNP level rises.     

纵向应变评估主动脉瓣狭窄置换术后心肌功能

利用斑点追踪技术得出的纵向应变（LS）可发现射血分数下降前心肌收缩功能微小变化，在预测主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）患者主动脉瓣置换术（AVR）后死亡率及症状发展方面具有重要应用价值。本文针对应用LS评估AS患者AVR后心肌功能现状进行综述。     

Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty reduces mean platelet volume in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis

Abstract

Background. Rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) is associated with increased thromboembolic event, especially in the presence of concomitant atrial fibrillation. In addition, increased platelet activity including elevated mean platelet volume (MPV) has been demonstrated in patients with RMS. It has also been reported that percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) attenuates platelet activity. However, the impact of PMBV on MPV has never been studied. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate whether PMBV decreases MPV in patients with RMS. Methods. In the present study, MPV was measured in 20 patients with RMS planned for PMBV just before and 1 month after the procedure. Twenty sex- and age- matched apparently healthy controls were used for comparison. Mitral valve area (MVA), transmitral gradient (TMG) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) were measured using transthoracic echocardiography. Results. As compared to apparently healthy controls, patients with RMS had higher MPV (9.05?±?1.26 vs. 7.56?±?0.74 fl, p <?0.001). All patients with RMS underwent successful PMBV. One month after the procedure, MVA, TMG and PAP were reduced significantly (p <?0.0001). As compared to values obtained before the procedure, white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit remained unchanged. However, 1 month after the procedure platelet count had increased (p <?0.05) and MPV decreased significantly (to 7.78?±?0.59, p <?0.0001). PMBV induced an absolute decrease in MPV more than 0.2 fl in 19 of 20 patients (95%). Conclusions. As compared to apparently healthy controls, patients with RMS have higher MPV reflecting increased platelet activity, and PMBV is associated with a significant decrease in MPV 1 month after the procedure.     

胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术病人的护理

笔者报道了28例胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术病人的护理。认为加强术前健康宣教,心理护理;严格呼吸道管理;做好胸管及患侧肢体护理;预防心律失常;提供舒适护理,实施早期康复训练;做好出院指导:可有效减少并发症,缩短住院时间,增加病人的舒适度,提高生活质量。     

实时三维超声心动图评价风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴窦性心律患者经皮球囊扩张术左房功能

目的：探讨实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）评价风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄（MS）合并窦性心律患者经皮球囊扩张术（PBMV）前后左房功能的价值。方法：采用RT-3DE对30名正常志愿者和30例MS合并窦性心律患者（PBMV术前、术后）测量并计算左心房最大容积指数（LAVmaxI）、左心房最小容积指数（LAVminI）及左心房收缩前容积指数（LAVpreI）,左房总射血容量指数（TASVI）、左房被动射血容量指数（PASVI）、左房主动射血容量指数（AASVI）,左房整体射血分数（LAEF）、左房被动射血分数（LAEFpassive）、左房主动射血分数（LAEFactive）。分析它们与二尖瓣口面积（MVA）、平均跨瓣压差（MMG）的相关性。结果：①MS患者LAVmaxI、LAVminI、LAVpreAI明显高于正常对照组,PBMV术后下降（P<0.05）;MS患者PASVI、TASVI明显低于正常组,而AASVI明显高于正常组（P<0.05）,PBMV术后PASVI增加、AASVI降低（P<0.05）,TASVI接近于正常组（P>0.05）。MS患者术前LAEFpassive、LAEFactive、LAEF低于正常对照组,术后明显增加（P<0.05）。②PBMV术前后左房容积及功能参数改变量与MVA、MMG改变量呈一定相关关系（P>0.05）。结论：RT-3DE可准确定量评价MS合并窦性心律患者PBMV术前、术后左心房功能。     

N-terminal pro-Brain natriuretic peptide as a useful biomarker for monitoring prognosis in patients with cardiac valve replacement

Background: N‐terminal pro‐Brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is an important biomarker to indicate cardiac function, but its significance in cardiac surgery is still unclear. Objective: To explore clinical significance of serum NT‐proBNP and their dynamic characteristics in patients with cardiac valve replacement (CVR). Methods: Dynamically detecting pre‐operative and postoperative serum NT‐proBNP on Elecsys 2010 in 60 CVR patients. Results: (1) There was a good relationship between pre‐operative NT‐proBNP and pre‐operative NYHA classification, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, or between postoperative 1 day log [NT‐proBNP] and postoperative ICU time, correlation coefficients were respectively 0.426 (P=0.001), ?0.465 (P=0.001), ?0.463 (P=0.002), and 0.453 (P=0.006). (2) Pre‐operative NT‐proBNP would be higher in multivalves damage or mitral lesions patients than that in single valve damage or aortic lesions. It indicated NT‐proBNP>1,352 pg/ml could discriminate multivalves damage in Rheumatic Heart Diseases (RHD) patients (sensitivity: 0.742; specificity: 0.64); and NT‐proBNP>549.12 pg/ml could differentiate mitral lesions and aortic lesions (sensitivity: 0.92; specificity: 0.75). However, pre‐operative serum NT‐proBNP for differentiating atrial fibrillation and sinus arrhythmia was not most efficient (AUC=0.655; P=0.044). (3) Perioperative NT‐proBNP in CVR patients was characterized by early postoperative NT‐proBNP increasing and late postoperative NT‐proBNP decreasing. The peak of postoperation NT‐proBNP was at postoperative 7 days. Conclusions: Serum NT‐proBNP was not only a good biomarker to effectively evaluate heart function but also to evaluate the cardiac valve damage in RHD patients, and postoperative NT‐proBNP dynamic determination, especially detecting postoperative 1 day, 7 days and 14 days NT‐proBNP would be more useful to evaluate prognosis of CVR patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:149–155, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

合并左心房血栓患者的经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的临床评价

目的评价经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术(PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法应用华法林抗凝治疗3个月以上的风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房血栓患者28例,术前1周再应用小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗5天,采用改良的Inoue单球囊技术行PBMV。观察PBMV术后血流动力学与超声心动图指标改变,术后随访半年,观察术中及随访期间有无体循环血栓栓塞并发症。结果手术成功率为100%。左心房平均压(LAPm)和跨二尖瓣压力阶差(MVPG)分别由术前的(24.3±4.2)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa)和(17.6±4.9)mm Hg下降至术后的(11.3±4.5)mm Hg(P<0.05)和(7.2±3.9)mm Hg(P<0.05),左心房内径(LAD)由术前(58.2±5.6)mm减小到术后24小时(48.5±5.8)mm(P<0.05)和术后6个月(44.5±5.8)mm(P<0.05),二尖瓣口面积(MVA)由术前(0.80±0.36)cm2增大至术后24小时(1.88±0.34)cm2(P<0.01)和术后6个月(1.76±0.27)cm2(P<0.01),肺动脉压力(PP)由术前的(72.8±15.6)mm Hg下降至术后24小时(43.2±13.2)mm Hg(P<0.01)和术后6个月(39.5±13.6)mm Hg(P<0.05)。术中及随访期间无1例患者发生血栓栓塞并发症。结论对于合并左心房血栓患者经较充分的华法林抗凝治疗,PBMV是安全可行且疗效满意的。     

风湿性心脏病并发左心房血栓的危险因素探讨

目的　探讨风湿性心脏病并发左心房血栓的发生率及危险因素。方法　采用非条件Logistic回归模型分析二尖瓣狭窄患者并发左心房血栓的危险因素。结果　风湿性心脏病并发左心房血栓的发生率为 10 .77% ;二尖瓣狭窄、二尖瓣关闭不全、主动脉瓣病变和联合瓣膜病的发生率分别为 15 .6 3%、1.2 5 %、0和 2 .11%。二尖瓣狭窄并发左心房血栓的预测因子是左房自发性超声对比现象 (leftatrialspontaneousechocontrast ,LASEC) (相对危险比3.0 9,P<0 .0 0 0 0 )和房颤 (相对危险比 1.74 ,P =0 .0 0 2 3)。结论　风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者最易发生左心房血栓 ;LASEC和房颤是决定二尖瓣狭窄发生左心房血栓的危险因素。二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤、LASEC的患者应积极抗凝治疗