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1.
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki Isiaka Abdullateef Alagbonsi Hawau Olaide Abdulkadir Felix Oluwaseyi Idowu 《Journal of the Anatomical Society of India》2017,66(1):67-71
Introduction
Cryptorchidism has been associated with spermatotoxicity and oxidative stress while melatonin is a well-known anti-oxidant. This study investigated the possible ameliorative effect of melatonin on cryptorchidism-induced spermatotoxicity and oxidative stress.Methods
Thirty six male Wistar rats were randomised into sham-operated (n = 18) and bilaterally cryptorchid (n = 18) groups, each of which were subdivided into 3 oral treatment groups (n = 6 rats each) that received normal saline, low dose (4 mg/kg) and high dose (10 mg/kg) melatonin.Results
Cryptorchidism reduced sperm parameters, oestradiol, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and glutathione peroxidase activity, but increased testosterone and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The cryptorchidism-induced spermatotoxicity and oxidative stress were ameliorated by low dose of melatonin but exacerbated by its high dose.Discussion
Melatonin’s effect on cryptorchidism-induced spermatotoxicity is dose-dependent. 相似文献2.
Background
Massive transfusion is the clinical scenario where the presumed adverse effects of stored blood are expected to be more evident because the whole patient's blood volume is replaced by stored blood.Objective
To analyse the association between age of transfused red blood cells (RBC) and survival in massively transfused patients.Methods
In this retrospective study, clinical and transfusion data of all consecutive patients massively transfused between 2008 and 2014 in a large, tertiary-care hospital were electronically extracted from the Transfusion Service database and the patients’ electronic medical records. Prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality were investigated by multivariate logistic regression.Results
A total of 689 consecutive patients were analysed (median age: 61 years; 65% males) and 272 died in-hospital. Projected mortality at 2, 30, and 90 days was 21%, 35% and 45%, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital mortality among patients who survived after the 2nd day increased with patient age (OR: 1.037, 95% CI: 1.021–1.054; per year P < 0.001), with the number of RBC unit transfused in the first 48 hours (OR: 1.060; 95% CI: 1.038–1.020 per unit; P < 0.001), and the percentage of such RBC stored for more than 28 days (1.010, 95% CI: 1.005–1.018 per percent point; P = 0.01).Conclusion
Mortality after massive transfusion was associated with a higher proportion of old RBCs transfused in the first 48 hours. Other factors associated with poor prognosis were older patient's age and larger volumes of transfused RBCs. 相似文献3.
Manli Zeng Xingyu Wu Fen Li Wensheng She Lin Zhou Benyuan Pi Zhiwen Xu Xiaolin Huang 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2017,69(7):527-532
Aims
Laminaria Japonica Polysaccharides (LJP) is a kind of plant polysaccharide isolated from Laminaria Japonica Aresch. LJP has a variety of biological activity, including anti-tumor, improving immune function, anti-radiation and others. This study observed the biological activity of LJP in vitro and in vivo on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC), and the possible anticancer mechanism was explored.Methods
Nasopharyngeal poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma cell lines CNE2 and HONE1 were used for the study. MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of HONE1 and CNE2 treated with gradient concentrations of LJP. The apoptosis of HONE1 treated with LJP was detected by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method. HONE1 was used to establish subcutaneous implanted tumor model in nude mice. The changes of transplanted tumor volume and body weight of nude mice in each group were observed and recorded. The changes of the ultrastructure of transplanted tumor were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).Results
MTT results showed that LJP has inhibitory effect on proliferation of both HONE1 and CNE2, and the effects were dosage-dependent; results of flow cytometry (FCM) analysis showed that, LJP could efficient induce apoptosis in HONE1, and apoptosis rate increased with the increase of LJP concentration. In vivo experiments, the inhibition rate was 33.7% (P < 0.05) and 47% (P < 0.01) in middle and high dose LJP group, respectively. TEM results suggested that the cancer cells in the transplanted tumor tissue treated with middle and high dose LJP presented unique apoptosis changes.Conclusions
LJP can effectively inhibit the growth of NPC cells. And it may be achieved by inducing apoptosis of NPC cells. 相似文献4.
E. Atilla P.A. Atilla S.C. Bozdag M.K. Yuksel S.K. Toprak P. Topcuoglu B.N. Akay H. Sanli H. Akan T. Demirer M. Beksac O. Arslan M. Ozcan G. Gurman O. Ilhan 《Transfusion Clinique et Biologique》2017,24(4):454-457
Objectives
Extracorporeal photo-chemotherapy (ECP, photopheresis) is an approved treatment modality for mycosis fungoides (MF). Our aim is to present our ECP data for MF.Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 50 MF patients who received ECP for clinical activity, toxicity, and response and outcome rates, and we compared these with combination therapies.Results
The overall response rate (ORR) was 42% (21/50), while the median time to response was 11 months (range, 3–48 months). Ten of the responders (48%) had 3 or more treatment lines prior to ECP. Eight patients (16%) had adverse events related to ECP. The overall survival (OS) of 50 patients was 72 months (range, 3–211). There was no statistically significant difference in the OS in early-stage vs late-stage patients (77 vs 69 months, P = 0.077). The stage 3 and 4 patients received an average of 31 cycles compared to 55 cycles in stage 1 and 2 patients (P = 0.006). The increased extent of ECP was not correlated with the response. Combined treatment with ECP significantly improved the OS (84 months vs 62 months, P = 0.005).Discussion
A low frequency of side effects and improved OS observed in combination therapy makes ECP a favorable option for treating MF. 相似文献5.
Saly Sawan Tania Yaacoub Souad Hraoui-Bloquet Riyad Sadek Walid Hleihel Ziad Fajloun Marc Karam 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2017,69(4):173-178
Context
The Viperidae family venom is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as many proteases, which cause tissue necrosis and affect mostly the vascular system. However, the venom exhibits therapeutic potentials and has contributed to the development of some medical drugs. Specifically, the Montivipera bornmuelleri venom has shown to exhibit antibacterial, pro-inflammatory and antifungal activities.Objective
This work evaluates the cytotoxic effect of the M. bornmuelleri venom on human-derived keratinocytes including the non-tumorigenic HaCaT, the benign A5 and the low-grade malignant II4 cells.Materials and methods
The toxicity of different venom concentrations (0.9, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 μg/mL) and their effect on the viability of the cells lines were assessed using the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and the Trypan blue tests after 24 h of incubation.Results
The venom was able to reduce the viability of all cell lines in a dose dependent manner with the HaCat cells being the least affected. For example, the 60 μg/mL dose induced a more significant decrease the viability of A5 (44%) and II4 (21.33%) keratinocytes as compared to HaCaT cells (70.63%). Also, this venom showed a higher cytotoxic activity on the A5 (52.45%) and II4 (98.67%) cells as compared to HaCaT cells (30.14%) with an IC50 estimated at 10 μg/mL on II4 and at 60 μg/mL on benign A5.Discussion and conclusion
Those differential cytotoxic effects of the M. bornmuelleri venom pave the road for more advanced studies which might unravel the potential anticancer effects of this venom. 相似文献6.
Shereen S. El Shaer Taher A. Salaheldin Nashwa M. Saied Sally M. Abdelazim 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2017,69(7):435-441
Background
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have gained much more attention especially in the field of nanomedicine. This work represents cerium oxide nanoparticles as a new prophylactic model for heart failure progression.Objective
To investigate the potential protective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Methods
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (5 ± 1 nm) were synthesized by reverse micelle method and characterized using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and particle size analyzer. The experiments were performed on 96 male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly allocated into eight groups. Namely; two Negative and positive control groups, captopril administered group, Nano-ceria (low dose) group, Nano-ceria (high dose) group, Captopril- Isoproterenol group, Nano-ceria (low dose)-Isoproterenol group and Nano-ceria (high dose)-Isoproterenol group. Cardio toxic rat model was induced by subcutaneous administration of Isoproterenol (ISO) (30 mg/kg) for two consecutive days in adult male rats. Two doses (0.5 and 5 μg/kg/week) of cerium oxide nanoparticles were applied for five weeks and 50 mg/kg/day of Captopril was used as a reference drug. Cardiac marker enzymes, Cortisol and Aldosterone hormones were assessed in serum. Oxidant-antioxidant parameters and histopathological examination in heart tissues were also determined.Results
These dose of nano-ceria, showed a promising ameliorative and prophylactic effect against cardiac toxicity compared to Captopril reference drug. Serum cardiac markers were decreased by noticeable percentage, CK-MB (50% and 57%), LDH (47% and 57.7%), AST (38% and 36.5%) and ALT (33.5% and 30.6%) for both doses respectively, while increased tissues level of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (48% ? 26%) and superoxide dismutase (64%, 143%).Conclusion
These consistent biochemical and histopathological results suggest that, nano-ceria could be used as effective antioxidant in prophylactic protocols for management of cardiac disorders associated with oxidative stress. 相似文献7.
Shweta Jha Dinesh Kumar J.M. Kaul T. Singh A.P. Dubey 《Journal of the Anatomical Society of India》2017,66(1):48-53
Introduction
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises about 70–80% of childhood leukemia. The present work was undertaken to study the spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities in North Indian population in haematologically confirmed pediatric ALL patients using bone marrow aspirates.Methods
Bone marrow aspirates (0.6 ml) after adding 15 ml RPMI medium were divided into three parts for immediate culture, 24 h culture and 48 h culture method, were incubated according to their respective time duration and karyotyping was done.Results
Out of 20 cases results were obtained in 14 cases. Out of these 9 cases (64.2%) in present study belonged to hypodiploid group. Trisomy was found in 3 (21.42%) cases and polyploidy in 1 (7.1%) case. Three year old male patient showed translocation t (21; 4) with deletion of long arm of chromosome 5 and absence of 7, 11, 12 and Y chromosomes. 4 Year old male patient showed translocation involving chromosome 13 with absence of chromosomes 7, 10, 11 and 12.5 year old male patient showed one dicenteric 5 chromosome with additional copies of chromosomes 6, 8, 9, 21 and 22.Discussion
Numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities found in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia have prognostic significance. Review of world literature shows that there is geographical variation in ploidy pattern of ALL. Our findings will help to play a key role in risk stratification and treatment protocols considering the genetic diversity of pediatric ALL in North Indian population. 相似文献8.
Introduction
Pineal gland calcification (PGC) is common among Western populations but is rare among African and Far Eastern populations; yet, no studies to date have examined Arabian Gulf populations for PGC. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of PGC within a Saudi Arabian population, to investigate the associations between PGC and age, and to examine the effects of age on both the degree of pineal calcification and the size of uncalcified pineal tissue.Methods
Fifty-four (54) CT brain scans from individuals 2–87 years of age were procured from the Department of Radiology, Security Force Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The scans were performed in both the coronal and sagittal planes.Results
Pineal gland calcification was identified in 64.8% of individuals examined (p = 0.047), with a higher incidence in females (p = 0.05); both of these findings were statistically significant. The percentage of PGC was significantly correlated with increased age (r = 0.36; p = 0.04). Pineal gland calcification was also found to increase rapidly after the second decade of life, as 68.6% of individuals 50+ years of age exhibited PGC. No significant correlations were found between age and the degree of pineal calcification or between age and the amount of uncalcified pineal tissue.Discussion
Key findings of the present study indicate that high PGC in females was associated with increased age within a Saudi Arabian population. This finding differs from the findings of previous studies and suggests the need for further research in populations of Arabian Gulf nations. 相似文献9.
H. Avci E.T. Epikmen E. Ipek R. Tunca S.S. Birincioglu H. Akşit S. Sekkin A.N. Akkoç M. Boyacioglu 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2017,69(5):317-327
Introduction
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent anticancer agent; its clinical use is limited due to its marked cardiotoxicity.Aim
The present study was aimed at evaluating the cardioprotective effects of silymarin (SLY) and curcumin (CUR), which have strong antioxidant properties, against the toxic effects of high-dose CP on the heart of rats.Materials and methods
A total of 36 adult Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group I (control group; nothing was administered), Group II (CP group; 30 mg/kg/day CP was administered intraperitoneally to each animal for seven days), Group III (SLY group; 100 mg/kg/day SLY by gavage for 14 days), Group IV (CUR group; 100 mg/kg/day CUR by gavage for 14 days), Group V (SLY + CP group; 100 mg/kg/day SLY by gavage for 14 days plus 30 mg/kg/day CP intraperitoneally starting from the seventh day) and Group VI (CUR + CP group; 100 mg/kg/day CUR by gavage for 14 days plus 30 mg/kg/day CP intraperitoneally starting from the seventh day). Biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were utilised for evaluation of the cardiotoxicity.Results
The result showed that an increase in heart MDA and DNA fragmentation levels were detected while significant decreases were seen in SOD levels in CP alone group when compared to the other groups. CP caused severe damage in the histopathological status of heart tissue including intersititial oedema, haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis in muscle fibrils and perinuclear vacuolization. A significant increase in the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and γH2AX protein expression was detected in the CP-treated group compared to the control and other treated groups. There was significant increase in the percentage of caspase 3-positive cells and decrease in the percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells in the CP group compared to the control group and other treated groups. However, a significant decrease in the percentage of cTnI and cTnT immunoreactivity was also observed in the CP-treated group compared to the control and other treated groups. In the groups in which SLY and CUR were administered concurrently with CP, biochemical parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical results were found to be significantly lower than in the CP-only group.Conclusions
These results lead to conclusion that the natural antioxidant SLY and CUR might have protective effects against CP-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. 相似文献10.
Saroj Kaler Shivani Gupta Pranav Prasoon Mayank Gautam Subrata Basu Ray 《Journal of the Anatomical Society of India》2017,66(1):7-14
Introduction
The superficial laminae of the spinal cord are crucial sites for the transmission of incoming noxious information. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is released from the presynaptic nerve terminals in these laminae. One of the objectives was to evaluate the temporospatial pattern of expression of CGRP following paw incision in rats. Paw incision-induced nociception mimics postoperative pain in humans. The next objective was to administer a specific CGRP receptor antagonist directly into the intrathecal space and observe the antinociceptive effect, which was then compared to morphine.Material and methods
Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to incision on the right hind paw. The related spinal cord segments (L4-5) were isolated at different time intervals after incision and immunostained for CGRP. A different set of rats were implanted with intrathecal catheter and administered saline (control) or BIBN 4096 (CGRP antagonist) or morphine (10 μg/10 μl) and then subjected to paw incision. Nociception was evaluated at different time intervals up to day 7.Results
Expression of CGRP was observed over laminae I and outer part of lamina II. Synaptic terminals could be discerned containing CGRP. Following incision, the expression decreased abruptly at 2 h. However, at 12 h, the expression had increased. Between days 1–5, the expression decreased again towards basal levels. The antinociceptive effect of BIBN was comparatively less than morphine, which robustly inhibited all three pain parameters at 2 h after incision.Discussion
Immunohistochemistry revealed that CGRP was involved in the transmission of nociception. However, blocking its action did not produce a robust antinociceptive effect. 相似文献11.
Tuğba Kotil Şengül Şentürk Türkan Sarioğlu Leyla Tapul 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2017,69(8):643-648
Aims
Retinoic acid (RA) has a vital importance in order to ensure continuity and morphology in many tissues. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have significant roles in proliferation, the formation of cancers, and metastasis. In this study the effects of RA on MMP-2 production in cells of rat uterus were investigated.Methods
Twenty-four adult Spraque Dawley rats were divided into two groups, the experimental group was treated with 40 mg/kg/day 13-cis RA for 5 days by gavage. Uterine tissue sections were treated with BrdU and MMP-2 antibodies, evaluated using light microscopy. Tissues were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and evaluated using transmission electron miroscopy.Results
MMP-2 immunoreactivity decreased in the stromal cells compared with the control group and no staining of MMP-2 was observed in glandular epithelium in the experimental group. BrDU labeling of cells showed significant decrease in RA-treated group versus control group cells. Based on the electron microscopy evaluation, the surface epithelial cells of the experimental group showed vacuolization, and an accumulation of lipofuscin bodies was also observed in the gland epithelium. Cells involving autophagic vacuoles contained excess lipid granules in the entire uterus layers especially localized at the border of the endometrium and myometrium.Conclusion
RA had negative effects on cell proliferation and cell morphology and inhibited MMP-2 expression. 相似文献12.
Sheetal Kashinath Medhekar Tejas Pandurang Jadhav Vishal Sadashiv Sasane Vikas Suresh Shende Nagesh Hanmantrao Aloorkar Anjali Baburao Chincholkar Girish Sudhakar Soman Ajit Shankarrao Kulkarni 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2017,69(3):153-161
Aim
To evaluate antioxidant activity, DNA damage inhibition and hepatoprotecitve potential of polyherbal formulation Tritone (Livosone).Methods
In vitro antioxidant activity of Tritone formulation was performed by using DPPH assay. Hepatoprotecitve potential of Tritone was evaluated against various hepatotoxic agents including Paracetamol (2 g/kg b. wt p.o. single dose on 15th day), Galactosamine (400 mg/kg b. wt. i.p. single dose on 8th day) and Alcohol (30% p.o.1 ml/100 g of rat for 15 days). Tritone formulation at the doses of (40.5, 81 and 162 mg/kg) and standard silymarin (100 mg/kg) and Liv52 (270 mg/kg) were administered p.o. The hepatoprotective assessment was done by estimating biochemical parameters: SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin total protein and ChE levels. Additionally histopathological and DNA fragmentation study of Tritone was also performed.Result
Administration of hepatotoxins (paracetamol, D-GaiN and alcohol) in experimental animals showed significant biochemical, histological deterioration and DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with Tritone (Livosone) shows significant reduction in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP and total bilirubin levels and shows significant elevation in total protein and cholinesterase (ChE) levels compared to groups treated with hepatotoxic agents. Histopathological observations of rat liver pretreated with Tritone (Livosone) shows significant protection against hepatic damage. Inhibition of DNA fragmentation by Tritone indicates protective effect of formulation on liver at molecular level. Finally all the results were compared with standard drugs Silymarin and Liv52.Conclusion
Correlation of antioxidant activity, biochemical results, histopathological changes and inhibition of DNA damage after treatment with Tritone shows maximum hepatoprotective potential at dose 81 mg/kg and 162 mg/kg. 相似文献13.
Background
Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC) has been used in China as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough and asthma for more than 2000 years. The antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of BFC have been reported before, nevertheless its toxicity and safety have not been documented. This study investigated the possible effects of BFC on spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), mitotic fidelity and genomic stability in human NCM460 colon epithelial cells.Methods
Cells were treated with BFC (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μg/ml) for 24, 48 and 72 h and harvested differently according to the biomarkers observed. Mitotic aberrations were assessed by the biomarkers of chromosome misalignment (CMA), chromosome lagging (CL) and chromatin bridge (CB). Frequencies of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud (NB) in cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay were used as indicators of genomic instability (GIN). SAC activity was determined by anaphase to metaphase ratio (AMR) and the expression of several SAC genes, including CENP-E, Mps1, Bub1, Mad-1, BubR1 and Mad-2.Results
Compared with the control, cells in BFC treated groups (80 and 160 μg/ml) showed: 1) increased AMR (p < 0.05), up-regulated expression of Mps1, Bub1 and Mad-1 (p < 0.05) and down-regulated expression of CENP-E, BubR1 and Mad-2 (p < 0.05); 2) increased frequencies of CMA, CL and CB (p < 0.01); 3) increased incidences of MN and NB (p < 0.01).Conclusions
This study revealed for the first time that BFC causes mitotic aberrations and GIN in human colon epithelial cells and these effects maybe the result of SAC dysfunction. 相似文献14.
15.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the changes of platelet (PLT) function and coagulation time before and after plateletpheresis donation.Material and methods
The healthy donors were divided into four groups according to the annual number of plateletpheresis donation: 20 times group, 15 times group, 10 times group and 5 times group. The healthy non-blood donors were selected as controls. The donation interval was 14 days. The blood samples were collected before plateletpheresis donation and after 30 min, 7 d, and 14 d of donation for determination of coagulation time, PLT function, plasma protein, serum iron and blood routine change.Results
After 30 min of plateletpheresis donation, the PLT function decreased and the coagulation time was prolonged. However, PLT function recovered to the pre-collection after 7 d of plateletpheresis donation and coagulation time recovered to the pre-collection after 14 d of plateletpheresis donation. Additionally, there was no difference regarding blood coagulation time and PLT function among blood donors and controls. The plasma protein and serum iron levels in 20 times and 15 times groups were within the normal reference range.Conclusion
The frequency of plateletpheresis donation will not affect PLT function, coagulation time, plasma protein and serum iron in donors. 相似文献16.
S. Achargui A. Zidouh S. Abirou F.Z. Merhfour S. Monsif S. Amahrouch A. El Ghobre M. El Halhali H. Temmara A. El Hryfy M. Motqi A. Satty M. Kandili M. Aghri K. Hajjout M. Benajiba 《Transfusion Clinique et Biologique》2017,24(4):422-430
Red blood cell immunization can lead to delays or even an impasse in a transfusion.
Objectives
Determine the specificities of the most common of alloantibodies and their associations to correct management of red blood cell transfused.Methods and materials
A retrospective study between 2013 and 2015 in immunohematology laboratories at the Blood Transfusion Center of Rabat in Morocco. The following data were studied: frequency, specificities of alloantibodies, blood group involved in alloimmunization and difficult of management of transfusion in case with association of alloantibodies.Results
Five hundred of alloantibodies were identified in 425 people (372 patients/pregnant women and 53 blood donors). The alloantibodies were directed against the following antigen: RH1 (50.8 %), RH3 (11.4 %), KEL 1 (8.2 %), RH2 (7.6 %), RH4 (4.6 %), MNS1 (4 %), MNS3 (2.6 %), Jka (2.4 %) and Fya (2.2 %). Only one alloantibody was identified in 85 % of cases. In 15 %, at least, two alloantibodies were found. The most common associations were directed against: anti-(D + C) (25), anti-(E + K) (4), anti-(E + c) (3) and anti-(D + C + E) (3). The rhesus system is the most involved in alloimmunization. Frequency of specific associations of alloantibodies was identified: Fya?/Jkb? (18.23 %), Fyb?/Jkb? (11.7 %), Jka?/S? (8.70 %), Jka?/Fyb? (5.20 %), Fyb?/s? (3.40 %) and Fyb?/Jkb?/s? (0.85 %).Conclusions
Red blood cell immunization is a serious problem in transfused patients. This study proves the data of literature, the interest of using RH-Kel1 red cell units compatibles among women in age to procreate and for the transfused patients to reduce the rate of immunization. Associations of antibodies with low frequency suggest a promotion of donation. 相似文献17.
Anne D. Souza Mamatha Hosapatna Kantharaj Seva Naik Antony Sylvan D. Souza Vrinda Hari Ankolekar 《Journal of the Anatomical Society of India》2017,66(1):54-57
Introduction
The hypoglossal nerve (HN) may be damaged during neck surgeries. A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve in relation to various anatomical landmarks and surrounding structures is important to reduce procedural complications and the risk of nerve damage.Methods
The study was carried out using 21 sagittal sections of head and neck of male cadavers (16 right and 5 left). To measure the required parameters the anatomical landmarks taken were the posterior belly of digastric muscle (PBD), descendens hypoglossi of ansa cervicalis (AC), bifurcation of common carotid artery (CCA), tip of the mastoid process (TMP), lingual artery (LA) at the posterior border of hyoglossus muscle, tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone (GH), bifurcation of CCA to the attachment of descendens hypoglossi (CCA-AC).Results
The length of PBD was 3.77 ± 1.08 cm on right side and 3.15 ± 0.05 cm on left side. The extended length was measured from the TMP to GH which was 6.7 ± 1.23 cm on right side and 6.75 ± 0.75 on left side. The distance between HN to the GH did not vary much between right and left sides which were 1.21 ± 0.35 and 1.2 ± 0.69 cm respectively. The distance between HN and LA at the posterior border of hyoglossus was 1.12 ± 0.3 cm on right side and 0.5 ± 0.3 cm on left side.Discussion
HN dissection is more complicated, as the location of the HN is much deeper. Moreover, there are no bony landmarks around the HN. Therefore PBD, CCA, ICA, ECA, LA were used as landmarks for HN in head and neck surgeries. 相似文献18.
19.
L. Essola L. Kouégnigan Rérambiah R. Obame H. Issembè A. Sima Zué 《Transfusion Clinique et Biologique》2017,24(2):52-55