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1.
Cristina Vert Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides David Martínez Xavier Gotsens Nina Gramunt Marta Cirach José Luis Molinuevo Jordi Sunyer Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen Marta Crous-Bou Mireia Gascon 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(6):1074-1080
Background
The association between exposure to air pollutants and mental disorders among adults has been suggested, although results are not consistent.Objective
To analyze the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and history of anxiety and depression disorders and of medication use (benzodiazepines and antidepressants) in adults living in Barcelona.Methods
A total of 958 adults (45–74 years old) residents in Barcelona, most of them having at least one of their parents diagnosed with dementia (86%), and participating in the ALFA (Alzheimer and Families) study, were included. We used Land Use Regression (LUR) models to estimate long-term residential exposure (period 2009–2014) to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance (PM2.5 abs), PM10, PM coarse, NO2 and NOx. Between 2013 and 2014 participants self-reported their history of anxiety and depression disorders and related medication use. The analysis was focused on those participants reporting outcome occurrence from 2009 onwards (until 2014).Results
We observed an increased odds of history of depression disorders with increasing concentrations of all air pollutants [e.g. an increased odds of depression of 2.00 (95% CI; 1.37, 2.93) for each 10 μg/m3 NO2 increase]. Such associations were consistent with an increased odds of medication use in relation to higher concentrations of air pollutants [e.g. an increased odds of antidepressants use of 1.23 (1.04, 1.44) for each 20 μg/m3 NOx increase]. Associations regarding anxiety disorders did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions
Our study shows that increasing long-term exposure to air pollution may increase the odds of depression and the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines. Further studies are needed to replicate our results and confirm this association. 相似文献2.
Objective
To explore what hospitals and primary care (PC) are doing to reduce the negative social impact of a serious adverse event (AE).Methods
We surveyed 195 hospital (n = 113) and PC (n = 82) managers from eight autonomous communities to explore the level of implementation of five interventions recommended after an AE to protect the reputation of healthcare institutions.Results
Most institutions (70, 45.2% PC, and 85, 54.8% hospitals) did not have a crisis plan to protect their reputation after an AE. Internal (p = 0.0001) and external (p = 0.012) communications were addressed better in PC than in hospitals. Very few institutions had defined the managers’ role in case of an AE (10.7% hospitals versus 6.25% PC).Conclusion
A majority of healthcare institutions have not planned crisis intervention after an AE with severe consequences nor have they defined plans to recover citizens’ trust after an AE. 相似文献3.
Anna Maria Ingelido Vittorio Abate Annalisa Abballe Fulvia Lucia Albano Tatiana Battista Valter Carraro Michele Conversano Rosa Corvetti Silvia De Luca Silva Franchini Anna Rita Fulgenzi Laura Giambanco Nicola Iacovella Anna Laura Iamiceli Antonio Maiorana Francesco Maneschi Valentina Marra Flavia Pirola Elena De Felip 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(2):378-386
Background
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that represent a major concern for women of reproductive age because of the neurodevelopmental effects associated to perinatal exposure.Objectives
This study was aimed at characterizing exposure of women of reproductive age to PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs as a function of residence in different Italian Regions, in areas at presumable different environmental contamination and human exposure to these pollutants.Methods
Study participants were enrolled in 2011–2012 in 6 Italian Regions representative of Northern, Central and Southern Italy; in each region, areas at presumed different exposure (rural, urban and industrial) were selected for enrolment. Each participant provided a serum sample for the analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs.Results
Median concentrations of PCDDs + PCDFs, DL-PCBs, NDL6-PCBs and NDL9-PCBs in serum samples were respectively 6.0 and 3.5 pgWHO-TE05/g fat, and 75 and 93 ng/g fat.Age was the variable that most affected median serum concentrations.Age adjusted concentrations were found significantly different between geographical zones: women from Northern Italy showed the highest values, followed by Central and Southern Italy.PCDDs + PCDFs concentrations were significantly higher in the group of women residing in industrial areas compared to the group residing in rural areas.A clear diminishing temporal trend was observed compared to levels reported in previous studies.Conclusions
This study produced the largest dataset on serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in women of childbearing age in Italy.Results
confirmed that environmental and lifestyle factors may influence exposure to these contaminants and thereby the body burden.The observed marked temporal decline in body burden during three decades is in agreement with the general trend observed worldwide. 相似文献4.
Ramon Mir-Abellán Anna Falcó-Pegueroles María Luisa de la Puente-Martorell 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):145-149
Objective
To describe attitudes towards patient safety culture among workers in a hospital setting and determine the influence of socio-demographic and professional variables.Methods
The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was distributed among a sample of professionals and nursing assistants. A dimension was considered a strength if positive responses exceeded 75% and an opportunity for improvement if more than 50% of responses were negative.Results
59% (n = 123) of respondents rated safety between 7 and 8. 53% (n = 103) stated that they had not used the notification system to report any incidents in the previous twelve months. The strength identified was “teamwork in the unit/service” and the opportunity for improvement was “staffing”. A more positive attitude was observed in outpatient services and among nursing professionals and part-time staff.Conclusions
This study has allowed us to determine the rating of the hospital in patient safety culture. This is vital for developing improvement strategies. 相似文献5.
Martin Emmert Fatemeh Taheri-Zadeh Benjamin Kolb Uwe Sander 《Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2017,121(1):17-26
Background
Evidence from the US has demonstrated that hospital report cards might generate confusion for consumers who are searching for a hospital. So far, little is known regarding hospital ranking agreement on German report cards as well as underlying factors creating disagreement.Objective
This study examined the consistency of hospital recommendations on German hospital report cards and discussed underlying reasons for differences.Methods
We compared hospital recommendations for three procedures on four German hospital report cards. The agreement between two report cards was determined by Cohen’s-Kappa. Fleiss’ kappa was applied to evaluate the overlap across all four report cards.Results
Overall, 43.40% of all hospitals were labeled equally as low, middle, or top performers on two report cards (hip replacement: 43.2%; knee replacement: 42.8%; percutaneous coronary intervention: 44.3%). In contrast, 8.5% of all hospitals were rated a top performer on one report card and a low performer on another report card. The inter-report card agreement was slight at best between two report cards (κmax = 0.148) and poor between all four report cards (κmax = 0.111).Conclusions
To increase the benefit of public reporting, increasing the transparency about the concept of – medical – “quality” that is represented on each report card seems to be important. This would help patients and other consumers use the report cards that most represent one’s individual preferences. 相似文献6.
Xavier Continente Anna Pérez Albert Espelt Carles Ariza María José López 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(4):332-335
Objective
We aimed to analyse the prevalence of having multiple lifestyle risk behaviours (LRB) and the potential relationship between excess weight (including overweight and obesity) and cumulative multiple LRB among adolescents in Barcelona, Spain.Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed among a representative sample of 3,114 secondary school students in Barcelona. Height and weight were objectively measured and excess weight was defined in accordance with World Health Organization criteria. Information on screen time, breakfast, physical activity and sleep duration was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire.Results
More than 80% of the students had at least two LRBs. In compulsory schooling, the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of excess weight increased with a higher number of reported LRBs (four LRBs: aPR = 1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.19-2.05).Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of a multiple-behaviour approach in preventive programmes aimed at reducing adolescent obesity. 相似文献7.
John R. Weinstein Renée Asteria-Peñaloza Anaité Diaz-Artiga Gilberto Davila S. Katharine Hammond Ian T. Ryde Joel N. Meyer Neal Benowitz Lisa M. Thompson 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(4):726-735
Background
Household air pollution is a major contributor to death and disability worldwide. Over 95% of rural Guatemalan households use woodstoves for cooking or heating. Woodsmoke contains carcinogenic or fetotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Increased PAHs and VOCs have been shown to increase levels of oxidative stress.Objective
We examined PAH and VOC exposures among recently pregnant rural Guatemalan women exposed to woodsmoke and compared exposures to levels seen occupationally or among smokers.Methods
Urine was collected from 23 women who were 3 months post-partum three times over 72 h: morning (fasting), after lunch, and following dinner or use of wood-fired traditional sauna baths (samples = 68). Creatinine-adjusted urinary concentrations of metabolites of four PAHs and eight VOCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Creatinine-adjusted urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Long-term (pregnancy through 3 months prenatal) exposure to particulate matter and airborne PAHs were measured.Results
Women using wood-fueled chimney stoves are exposed to high levels of particulate matter (median 48 h PM2.5 105.7 μg/m3; inter-quartile range (IQR): 77.6–130.4). Urinary PAH and VOC metabolites were significantly associated with woodsmoke exposures: 2-naphthol (median (IQR) in ng/mg creatinine: 295.9 (74.4–430.9) after sauna versus 23.9 (17.1–49.5) fasting; and acrolein: 571.7 (429.3–1040.7) after sauna versus 268.0 (178.3–398.6) fasting. Urinary PAH (total PAH: ρ = 0.89, p < 0.001) and VOC metabolites of benzene (ρ = 0.80, p < 0.001) and acrylonitrile (ρ = 0.59, p < 0.05) were strongly correlated with long-term exposure to particulate matter. However urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress were not correlated with particulate matter (ρ = 0.01 to 0.05, p > 0.85) or PAH and VOC biomarkers (ρ = -0.20 to 0.38, p > 0.07). Urinary metabolite concentrations were significantly greater than those of heavy smokers (mean cigarettes/day = 18) across all PAHs. In 15 (65%) women, maximum 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations exceeded the occupational exposure limit of coke-oven workers.Conclusions
The high concentrations of urinary PAH and VOC metabolites among recently pregnant women is alarming given the detrimental fetal and neonatal effects of prenatal PAH exposure. As most women used chimney woodstoves, cleaner fuels are critically needed to reduce smoke exposure. 相似文献8.
Borami Ahn Shin-Hye Kim Mi-Jung Park 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(1):37-42
Objective
To assess blood cadmium levels in Korean adolescents with respect to demographic and lifestyle factors.Methods
We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2013, totaling 1472 adolescents aged 10–18 years. Geometric means of blood cadmium were calculated using a complex samples general linear model to compare blood levels in different demographic and lifestyle groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were also used to find predictors for high blood cadmium (>90th percentile).Results
The geometric mean of the blood cadmium concentrations was 0.30 μg/L in Korean adolescents. Older age, type of housing (multifamily house and commercial building), smoking and alcohol consumption, and iron deficiency/iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were significantly associated with higher blood cadmium concentrations (P < 0.05). Blood cadmium concentrations were not significantly affected by gender, region, body mass index status, or household income. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors for higher blood cadmium levels included current smoker (OR = 7.77), alcohol consumption (OR = 4.31), living in a multifamily house or commercial building (OR = 3.11–3.46), and IDA (OR = 2.64).Conclusions
Possible associations between blood cadmium levels and type of housing or alcohol consumption in adolescents are suggested for the first time in this study. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of these findings. 相似文献9.
Erika M. Redding María Teresa Ruiz-Cantero José Fernández-Sáez Marta Guijarro-Garvi 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):82-88
Objective
Considering both the economic crisis of 2008 and the Gender Equality Law (2007), this study analyses the association between gender inequality in Spanish Autonomous Communities (AC) and intimate partner violence (IPV) from 2006 to 2014 in terms of socio-demographic characteristics.Methods
Ecological study in the 17 Spanish AC on the correlation between the reported cases by IPV and deaths and the Gender Inequality Index and its dimensions: empowerment, participation in the labour market and adolescent birth rates; and their correlation with Young People Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET).Results
In 2006, IPV mortality rates were higher in autonomous communities with greater gender inequality than AC with more equality (4.1 vs. 2.5 × 106 women >14 years), as were reporting rates of IPV (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.47-1.50). In 2014, the IPV mortality rates in AC with greater gender inequality fell to just below the mortality rates in AC with more gender equality (2.5 vs. 2.7 × 106 women >14 years). Rates of IPV reports also decreased (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.20-1.23). Adolescent birth rates were most associated with IPV reports, which were also associated with the burden of NEET by AC (ρ2006 = 0.494, ρ2014 = 0.615).Conclusion
Gender-sensitive policies may serve as a platform for reduced mortality and reports of IPV in Spain, particularly in AC with more gender inequality. A reduction of NEET may reduce adolescent birth rates and in turn IPV rates. 相似文献10.
11.
Cristina Martínez Carlos Méndez María Sánchez José María Martínez-Sánchez 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):132-138
Objective
To assess attitudes towards the extension of outdoor smoke-free areas on university campuses.Methods
Cross-sectional study (n = 384) conducted using a questionnaire administered to medical and nursing students in Barcelona in 2014. Information was obtained pertaining to support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on university campuses, and the importance of acting as role models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine agreement.Results
Most of the students agreed on the importance of health professionals and students as role models (74.9% and 64.1%, respectively) although there were statistically significant differences by smoking status and age. 90% of students reported exposure to smoke on campus. Students expressed strong support for indoor smoke-free policies (97.9%). However, only 39.3% of participants supported regulation of outdoor smoking for university campuses. Non-smokers (OR = 12.315; 95% CI: 5.377-28.204) and students ≥22 years old (OR = 3.001; 95% CI: 1.439-6.257) were the strongest supporters.Conclusions
The students supported indoor smoke-free policies for universities. However, support for extending smoke-free regulations to outdoor areas of university campuses was limited. It is necessary to educate students about tobacco control and emphasise their importance as role models before extending outdoor smoke-free legislation at university campuses. 相似文献12.
Alison Connolly Kate Jones Karen S. Galea Ioannis Basinas Laura Kenny Padraic McGowan Marie Coggins 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(6):1064-1073
Background
Pesticides and their potential adverse health effects are of great concern and there is a dearth of knowledge regarding occupational exposure to pesticides among amenity horticulturalists.Objective
This study aims to measure occupational exposures to amenity horticuturalists using pesticides containing the active ingredients, glyphosate and fluroxypyr by urinary biomonitoring.Methods
A total of 40 work tasks involving glyphosate and fluroxypyr were surveyed over the period of June – October 2015. Workers used a variety of pesticide application methods; manual knapsack sprayers, controlled droplet applicators, pressurised lance applicators and boom sprayers. Pesticide concentrations were measured in urine samples collected pre and post work tasks using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Differences in pesticide urinary concentrations pre and post work task, and across applications methods were analysed using paired t-tests and linear regression.Results
Pesticide urinary concentrations were higher than those reported for environmental exposures and comparable to those reported in some agricultural studies. Log-transformed pesticide concentrations were statistically significantly higher in post-work samples compared to those in pre-work samples (paired t-test, p < 0.001; for both μg L?1 and μmol/mol creatinine). Urinary pesticide concentrations in post-work samples had a geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 0.66 (1.11) μg L?1 for glyphosate and 0.29 (1.69) μg L?1 for fluroxypyr. Linear regression revealed a statistically significant positive association to exist between the time-interval between samples and the log-transformed adjusted (i.e. post- minus pre-task) pesticide urinary concentrations (β = 0.0039; p < 0.0001).Conclusion
Amenity horticulturists can be exposed to pesticides during tasks involving these products. Further research is required to evaluate routes of exposure among this occupational group. 相似文献13.
Suicidal behaviours in male and female users of illicit drugs recruited in drug treatment facilities
Elisabet Arribas-Ibar Josep Maria Suelves Albert Sanchez-Niubò Antònia Domingo-Salvany M. T. Brugal 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(4):292-298
Objective
We assessed prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans among illicit drug users and their association with contextual factors, by gender.Methods
Cross-sectional study. In a sample of 511 illicit drug users recruited during spring 2012 in drug treatment and prevention facilities in Catalonia (Spain), the prevalence of suicidal ideation/plans in the last 12 months was assessed. Poisson regression was used to examine associations between suicidal ideation/plans and various factors (socio-demographic, psychological, illegal drug market activities and marginal income generation activities, which included any reported sex work, stealing, peddling, begging or borrowing on credit from a dealer).Results
The average age was 37.9 years (standard deviation: 8.62); 76.3% were men. Suicidal ideation/plans were reported by 30.8% of men and 38.8% of women, with no significant differences by age or gender. Recent aggression (male prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.2; female PR = 1.4), psychological treatment (male PR = 1.2; female PR = 1.3) and illegal/marginal income generation activities (male PR = 1.5; female PR = 1.1) were associated with suicidal ideation/plans. Men who trafficked were more likely to have suicidal ideation/plans (PR = 1.3), while prison history was positive for women (PR = 1.8) and negative for men (PR = 0.7).Conclusions
Prevalence of suicidal ideation/plans was high among illicit drug users recruited from healthcare facilities. Besides psychological variables, participation in illegal market activities and crime ought to be considered in drug users’ suicidal prevention. Suicide risk needs to be evaluated in drug treatment facilities and psychological status and context contemplated. 相似文献14.
Gabriela Barbaglia Núria D. Adroher Gemma Vilagut Ronny Bruffaerts Brentan Bunting José Miguel Caldas de Almeida Silvia Florescu Giovanni de Girolamo Ron de Graaf Josep Maria Haro Hristo Hinkov Vivianne Kovess-Masfety Herbert Matschinger Jordi Alonso 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(1):2-10
Objective
To describe the distribution of role limitation in the European population aged 18-64 years and to examine the contribution of health conditions to role limitation using a public-health approach.Methods
Representative samples of the adult general population (n = 13,666) aged 18-64 years from 10 European countries of the World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys Initiative, grouped into three regions: Central-Western, Southern and Central-Eastern. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess six mental disorders and standard checklists for seven physical conditions. Days with full and with partial role limitation in the month previous to the interview were reported (WMH-WHODAS). Population Attributable Fraction (PAFs) of full and partial role limitation were estimated.Results
Health conditions explained a large proportion of full role limitation (PAF = 62.6%) and somewhat less of partial role limitation (46.6%). Chronic pain was the single condition that consistently contributed to explain both disability measures in all European Regions. Mental disorders were the most important contributors to full and partial role limitation in Central-Western and Southern Europe. In Central-Eastern Europe, where mental disorders were less prevalent, physical conditions, especially cardiovascular diseases, were the highest contributors to disability.Conclusion
The contribution of health conditions to role limitation in the three European regions studied is high. Mental disorders are associated with the largest impact in most of the regions. There is a need for mainstreaming disability in the public health agenda to reduce the role limitation associated with health conditions. The cross-regional differences found require further investigation. 相似文献15.
Riyadh Alshamsan Hannah Leslie Azeem Majeed Margaret Kruk 《Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2017,121(3):315-320
Background
Countries globally are pursuing universal health coverage to ensure better healthcare for their populations and prevent households from catastrophic expenditure. The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have and continue to implement reforms to strengthen their health systems. A common theme between the countries is their pursuit of universal health coverage to provide access to necessary health care without exposing people to financial hardship.Methods
Using nationally representative data from the Global Findex study, we sought to analyze the hardship faced by individuals from four high-income countries in the GCC. We estimated the weighted proportion of individuals borrowing for medical reasons and those who are not able to obtain emergency funds. We further examined variations in these outcomes by key socioeconomic factors.Results
We found up to 11% of respondents borrowed money for medical purposes, double of that reported in other high-income countries. In contrast to affluent respondents, we found that respondents from deprived background were more likely to borrow money for medical purposes (adjusted odds ratio: 1.81, P < 0.001) and expected to fail in obtaining emergency funds (adjusted odds ratio: 4.03, P < 0.001).Conclusion
In moving forward with their reforms, GCC countries should adopt a financing strategy that addresses the health needs of poorer groups in their pursuit of universal health coverage. 相似文献16.
José Manuel Terán Carlos Varea Cristina Bernis Barry Bogin Antonio González-González 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2017,31(2):116-122
Objective
Birthweight by gestational age charts enable fetal growth to be evaluated in a specific population. Given that maternal profile and obstetric practice have undergone a remarkable change over the past few decades in Spain, this paper presents new Spanish reference percentile charts stratified by gender, parity and type of delivery. They have been prepared with data from the 2010–2014 period of the Spanish Birth Statistics Bulletin.Methods
Reference charts have been prepared using the LMS method, corresponding to 1,428,769 single, live births born to Spanish mothers. Percentile values and mean birth weight are compared among newborns according to gender, parity and type of delivery.Results
Newborns to primiparous mothers show significantly lower birthweight than those born to multiparous mothers (p < 0.036). Caesarean section was associated with a substantially lower birthweight in preterm births (p < 0.048), and with a substantially higher birthweight for full-term deliveries (p < 0.030). Prevalence of small for gestational age is significantly higher in newborns born by Caesarean section, both in primiparous (p < 0.08) and multiparous mothers (p < 0.027) and, conversely, the prevalence of large for gestational age among full-term births is again greater both in primiparous (p < 0.035) and in multiparous mothers (p < 0.007).Conclusions
Results support the consideration of establishing parity and type of delivery-specific birthweight references. These new charts enable a better evaluation of the impact of the demographic, reproductive and obstetric trends currently in Spain on fetal growth. 相似文献17.
A. Gagneux-Brunon E. Botelho-Nevers P. Delanaye F. Lucht A. Frésard C. Cazorla C. Guglielminotti C. Fafin C. Mariat O. Moranne 《Médecine et maladies infectieuses》2017,47(4):266-270
Objectives
To evaluate concordance between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimates (Cockcroft and Gault, modification of diet in renal diseases, chronic kidney disease epidemiology study group equations) for drug dosing in HIV-infected patients.Patients and methods
We performed a monocentric study. GFR was measured using the gold standard method (plasma clearance of iohexol) in 230 HIV-infected patients. Concordance rate was evaluated between measured GFR (mGFR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) for different GFR categories (GFR > 90 mL/min, GFR < 90 mL/min, GFR > 70 mL/min, and GFR < 70 mL/min). MDRD and CKD-EPI were used with and without indexation to body surface area (BSA).Results
Mean age was 48 ± 10 years, mean mGFR was 101 ± 26 mL/min. Concordance between mGFR and eGFR estimated with CG, CKD-EPI (indexed and not indexed to BSA), or MDRD equations (not indexed to BSA) was similar (73%, 73%, 74%, and 73% respectively) for a breakpoint value of 90 mL/min for GFR. At this value, the concordance rate between mGFR and MDRD indexed to BSA was significantly lower (65%, P < 0.05). Using 70 mL/min of GFR as the breakpoint value, all equations had similar concordance rates with mGFR (with or without indexation to BSA).Conclusion
CKD-EPI equation has the same concordance with GFR and with CG when used for drug dosing. 相似文献18.
Dan Norbäck Jamal Hisham Hashim Zailina Hashim Vinoshini Sooria Syazwan Aizat Ismail Gunilla Wieslander 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(4):697-703
Background
There are few studies on ocular effects of indoor mould exposure in schools, especially in the tropicsObjective
To study associations between eye symptoms and tear film break up time (BUT) in students and demographic data and fungal DNA in schools.Methods
A school environment study was performed among randomly selected students in eight randomly selected secondary schools in Penang, Malaysia. Information on eye symptoms and demographic data was collected by a standardised questionnaire. BUT was measured by two methods, self-reported BUT (SBUT) and by the non-invasive Tearscope (NIBUT). Dust was collected by vacuuming in 32 classrooms and analysed for five fungal DNA sequences. Geometric mean (GM) for total fungal DNA was 7.31*104 target copies per gram dust and for Aspergillus/Penicillium DNA 3.34*104 target copies per gram dust. Linear mixed models and 3-level multiple logistic regression were applied adjusting for demographic factors.Results
A total of 368 students (58%) participated and 17.4% reported weekly eye symptoms the last 3 months. The median SBUT and TBUT were 15 and 12 s, respectively. Students wearing glasses (OR 2.41, p = 0.01) and with a history of atopy (OR = 2.67; p = 0.008) had more eye symptoms. Girls had less eye symptoms than boys (OR = 0.34; p = 0.006) Indoor carbon dioxide in the classrooms was low (range 380–720 ppm), temperature was 25–30 °C and relative air humidity 70–88%. Total fungal DNA in vacuumed dust was associated with shorter SBUT (4 s shorter per 105 target copies per gram dust; p = 0.04) and NIBUT (4 s shorter per 105 target copies per gram dust; p < 0.001). Aspergillus/Penicillium DNA was associated with shorter NIBUT (5 s shorter per 105 target copies per gram dust; p = 0.01).Conclusion
Fungal contamination in schools in a tropical country can be a risk factor for impaired tear film stability among students. 相似文献19.
Carmen Franken Nathalie Lambrechts Eva Govarts Gudrun Koppen Elly Den Hond Daniëlla Ooms Stefan Voorspoels Liesbeth Bruckers Ilse Loots Vera Nelen Isabelle Sioen Tim S. Nawrot Willy Baeyens Nicolas Van Larebeke Greet Schoeters 《International journal of hygiene and environmental health》2017,220(2):468-477