从地震救援评价我国灾难救援的进步

近年来,我国频发的强烈地震造成了地震灾区生态破坏,人员伤亡及经济损失,震后的应急指挥、救援、医疗救治和防疫工作等起着重要的作用。本文通过比较近年来我国发生的三大地震(汶川地震、雅安地震、鲁甸地震)中政府等相关部门的应急响应及指挥、军队及专业救援队救援、医疗救援及防疫工作和新科技救援等几个方面,看我国在灾难救援中的进步。     

Rescue factor: a design for evaluating long-acting analgesics

A design is described that uses need for supplemental (rescue) analgesic as a factor predicting effectiveness of a test analgesic. This methodology is especially suited for evaluating long-acting analgesics given repeatedly. Rescue use is measured over dosing intervals as test drug is titrated from a subanalgesic dose to that requiring no or minimal rescue. This design was used to evaluate oral long-acting morphine sulfate (MS Contin) given every 12 hours in a crossover study of cancer pain using oral immediate-release morphine sulfate given every 4 hours as reference. Less morphine was required for MS Contin given every 12 hours relative to immediate-release morphine sulfate given every 4 hours (186 +/- 22 mg vs. 239 +/- 35 mg; p = 0.04). Total daily morphine for both regimens correlated linearly (r = 0.96) with a slope of 1.27 +/- 0.11, significantly (p = 0.03) different from equivalence (slope of unity) in favor of MS Contin. This design features assay sensitivity (dose-response) and provides relative potency estimates for analgesics given at specific regimens.     

Running an Animal Rescue

There are few people who haven't, at one time or another, been saddened by the plight of unwanted animals. Suzanne Mennie and Diane Melville decided to do something about it. In 1996 they set up a rescue service; here, they describe their work     

Rapid Response Teams and Failure to Rescue: One Community's Experience

The rapid response team has been proposed as an effective strategy for reducing failure-to-rescue rates among adult inpatients; however, there is little research evidence to support the recommendation. This exploratory study used survey and administrative data to describe rapid response team characteristics and penetration among hospitals in a large metropolitan area while tracking corresponding failure-to-rescue rates among surgical inpatients over 5 years. The findings are promising and invite further investigation.     

灾难救护医护人员心理救援能力培训需求调查分析

目的：了解灾难救护医护人员对心理救援能力培训的需求,为组织和开展灾难救护心理培训提供依据。方法2013年10月至2014年1月采用目的抽样的方法对上海、四川两地4所三级甲等医院中参加过灾难（地震、交通事故、火灾等）救护的医护人员进行问卷调查,调查内容包括医护人员既往接受灾难救护心理培训的情况、对灾难救护心理培训内容的需求及对实施灾难救护心理培训模式的需求。结果247名医护人员中仅63名（25．5％）参加过相关心理培训,培训方式主要为参加讲座（37人次）;医护人员对灾难救护心理培训各项内容的需求均分均在4分以上,得分最高的是灾难情境避险及遇险应对（4．58±0．53）分;66．4％的被调查者希望通过参加讲座的形式接受培训,50．2％的被调查者希望每年能有1～2次的培训,培训的方式以有经验的救护人员分享其经历（57．1％）和分析现场救护相关资料（55．1％）为主,59．5％的被调查者希望培训安排在平时工作中。结论目前医护人员的灾难救援心理知识储备不足,只有拓宽培训内容、丰富培训方法、加强医护人员日常工作中的规范化培训,才能有效提升其灾难救护的心理救援能力。