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Matteo Bassetti Maddalena Peghin Alessia Carnelutti Elda Righi Maria Merelli Filippo Ansaldi Cecilia Trucchi Cristiano Alicino Assunta Sartor Pierluigi Toniutto Joost Wauters Wim Laleman Carlo Tascini Francesco Menichetti Roberto Luzzati Pierluigi Brugnaro Alessio Mesini Stefania Raviolo Francesco G. De Rosa Leonel Lagunes Jordi Rello George Dimopoulos Arnaldo L. Colombo Marcio Nucci Antonio Vena Emilio Bouza Patricia Muñoz Mario Tumbarello Raffaella Losito Ignacio Martin-Loeches Claudio Viscoli 《Intensive care medicine》2017,43(4):509-518
Purpose
The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of cirrhotic patients with candidemia and intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) and to evaluate the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality.Methods
A multicenter multinational retrospective study including all consecutive episodes of candidemia and IAC in adult patients with liver cirrhosis in 14 European hospitals during the period 2011–2013 was performed.Results
A total of 241 episodes (169 candidemia, 72 IAC) were included. Most Candida infections were acquired in hospital (208, 86.3%), mainly in the intensive care unit (ICU) (121, 50.2%). At clinical presentation, fever was seen in 60.6% of episodes (146/241) and septic shock in 34.9% (84/241). C. albicans was the most common species (found in 131 episodes, 54.4%), followed by C. glabrata (35, 14.5%) and C. parapsilosis (34, 14.1%). Overall, the 30-day mortality was 35.3%. Multivariable analysis identified candidemia (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.5) and septic shock (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7–6) as independent factors associated with 30-day mortality. Adequate antifungal treatment (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.9) was associated with survival benefit.Conclusions
A shift towards increasing prevalence of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis species in patients with liver disease was documented. Candidemia and IAC were associated with significant mortality in cirrhotic patients. Thirty-day mortality was associated with candidemia and severe clinical presentation, whereas adequate antifungal treatment improved the prognosis.3.
Purpose
Cancer treatment causes mucositis and the manifestation of oral candidiasis. This study investigated the virulence properties and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida albicans isolated from cancer patients undergoing therapy.Methods
C. albicans were isolated from 49 patients on cancer treatment and 21 healthy individuals and their virulence attributes measured. A correlation was determined between the length of treatment and the fungal counts and their virulence factors.Results
Although Candida carriage was similar in all the study groups, high quantities of C. albicans and variety of Candida were found in cancer patients. Germ tubes were produced by all the strains. Significantly high number of yeast isolated from radiotherapy and chemotherapy produced large quantities of phospholipase compared to healthy individuals (p?<?0.01). The length of chemotherapy was associated with an increase in the phospholipase production (p?=?0.03) by the C. albicans. Proteinase production was seen in a significant number of isolates from the radiotherapy group (p?<?0.01). Type of cancer treatment had no effect. Resistance to antifungal agents was low.Conclusions
High quantities of phospholipase were produced by C. albicans in cancer patients on therapy which also increased with the length of chemotherapy suggesting enhanced risk of oral and systemic infection. Therefore, during treatment, prophylactic topical antifungal therapy may be considered.4.
Xiaoyun Zheng Xiaobo Huang Jianmin Luo Juan Li Wei Li Qifa Liu Ting Niu Xiaodong Wang Jianfeng Zhou Xi Zhang Jianda Hu Kaiyan Liu 《Advances in therapy》2018,35(9):1400-1410
Introduction
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a significant health problem in immunocompromised patients, resulting in substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Micafungin is a broad-spectrum echinocandin with activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp. This was a multicenter, non-comparative, retrospective observational study that evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenously administered micafungin for treating IFIs caused by Candida and Aspergillus spp.Methods
Adult patients in China who had received at least one dose of intravenously administered micafungin were eligible. Retrospective data (May 2008–April 2015) were extracted from patients’ medical files and recorded using electronic data capture. The primary endpoint was overall success rate (patients with complete or partial response). Subgroup analyses determined effectiveness according to diagnostic certainty, fungal species, type of IFI, duration of micafungin treatment, and daily dose of micafungin. Tolerability, including the incidence of adverse events (AEs), was also assessed.Results
Overall, 2555 patients who received at least one dose of micafungin were identified. The mean duration of treatment and mean daily dose were 10.2 days and 133.0 mg, respectively. The overall success rate was 60.8%; this was significantly higher in patients who received treatment for at least 1 week (range 67.9–71.6% [mean 69.2%]) compared with less than 1 week (47.8%; P?<?0.0001), and those who received 50–100 mg (65.7%) compared with other daily doses (range 42.9–60.1% [mean 59.0%]; P?=?0.0011). Success rates in Candida- and Aspergillus-infected patients were similar (61.9% and 56.8%, respectively). AEs and adverse drug reactions were observed in 36.2% and 4.5% of patients, respectively. The majority of AEs were mild, while discontinuation due to AEs was low (2.3%).Conclusion
Micafungin is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of patients with IFIs in China, as demonstrated in Candida- and Aspergillus-infected adults. Subgroup analyses highlighted the potential benefits of treating IFIs with micafungin for a minimum of 1 week.Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02678598.Funding
Astellas Pharma Inc.5.
Matteo Bassetti Jose Garnacho-Montero Thierry Calandra Bartjan Kullberg George Dimopoulos Elie Azoulay Arunaloke Chakrabarti Daniel Kett Cristobal Leon Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner Maurizio Sanguinetti Jean-Francois Timsit Malcom D. Richardson Andrew Shorr Oliver A. Cornely 《Intensive care medicine》2017,43(9):1225-1238
Purpose
To describe concisely the current standards of care, major recent advances, common beliefs that have been contradicted by recent trials, areas of uncertainty, and clinical studies that need to be performed over the next decade and their expected outcomes with regard to Candida and Aspergillus infections in non-neutropenic patients in the ICU setting.Methods
A systematic review of the medical literature taking account of national and international guidelines and expert opinion.Results
Severe invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are becoming increasingly frequent in critically ill patients. Approximately 80% of IFIs are due to Candida spp. and 0.3–19% to Aspergillus spp. Recent observations emphasize the necessity of building a worldwide sentinel network to monitor the emergence of new fungal species and changes in susceptibility. Robust data on the attributable mortality are essential for the design of clinical studies with mortality endpoints. Although early antifungal therapy for Candida has been recommended in patients with risk factors, sepsis of unknown cause, and positive Candida serum biomarkers [β-1 → 3-d-glucan (BDG) and Candida albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA)], its usefulness and influence on outcome need to be confirmed. Future studies may specifically address the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with abdominal candidiasis. Better knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of antifungal molecules and tissue penetration is a key issue for intensivists. Regarding invasive aspergillosis, further investigation is needed to determine its incidence in the ICU, its relationship with influenza outbreaks, the clinical impact of rapid diagnosis, and the significance of combination treatment.Conclusions
Fundamental questions regarding IFI have to be addressed over the next decade. The clinical studies described in this research agenda should provide a template and set priorities for the clinical investigations that need to be performed.6.
Lorenzo Fagotti Jakub Tatka Mauro Jose Costa Salles Marcelo C. Queiroz 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(3):420-427
Purpose of Review
Although a two-stage exchange revision is reported to have a high success rate, this strategy may fail as a treatment for prosthetic joint infection (PJI). When it does, resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, amputation, and chronic antibiotic suppression may play a role. The purpose of this review is to determine which are the main risk factors for a two-stage exchange failure and to analyze the indications and results of resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, amputation, and antibiotic chronic suppression for PJI.Recent Findings
Recent literature demonstrates that the main risk factors for a two-stage exchange failure are as follows: hemodialysis, obesity, multiple previous procedures, diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid therapy, hypoalbuminemia, immunosuppression, rheumatological conditions, coagulation disorders, and infection due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria or fungal species. Regarding microorganisms, besides Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae species such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Acinetobacter baumannii, and fungus including Candida sp. are also considered risk factors for a two-stage exchange failure. Resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and amputation have a limited role. Chronic suppression is an option for high-risk patients or unfeasible reconstruction.Summary
In summary, we report the main risk factors for a two-stage exchange failure and alternative procedures when it occurs. Future research on patient-specific risk factors for a two-stage exchange may aid surgical decision-making and optimization of outcomes.7.
Laura Bronsart Linh Nguyen Aida Habtezion Christopher Contag 《Molecular imaging and biology》2016,18(4):473-478
Purpose
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributors to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, there are insufficient tools for their in vivo evaluation.Procedures
To determine if a chemiluminescent ROS reporter, coelenterazine, would be a useful tool for the detection of immune cell activation, the macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) was treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Additionally, coelenterazine was used to monitor the changes in ROS production over time in a mouse model of IBD.Results
In vitro, coelenterazine enabled the dynamic monitoring of the RAW 264.7 cell oxidative burst. In vivo, there were early, preclinical, changes in the localization and magnitude of coelenterazine chemiluminescent foci.Conclusions
Coelenterazine offers a high-throughput method for assessing immune cell activation in culture and provides a means for the in vivo detection and localization of ROS during IBD disease progression.8.
Xiwen Wang Zhiping Li Bo Li Hang Chi Jiakuan Li Hongchao Fan Ruizhi Yao Qianxue Li Xiaolin Dong Man Chen Han Qu Yuanyuan Wang Weicun Gao Yutian Wang Yu Sun Rui Sun Jun Qian Zhiping Xia 《Molecular imaging and biology》2016,18(4):519-526
Purpose
The goal of this study was to develop a plasmid-based lux bio-reporter for use to obtain in vivo images of Brucella suis vaccine strain 2 (B.suis S2) infection with high resolution and good definition.Procedures
The pBBR-lux (pBBR1MCS-2-lxCDABE) plasmid that carries the luxCDABE operon was introduced into B. suis S2 by electroporation yielding B. suis S2-lux. The spatial and temporal transit of B. suis S2 in mice and guinea pigs was monitored by bioluminescence imaging.Results
The plasmid pBBR-lux is stable in vivo and does not appear to impact the virulence or growth of bacteria. This sensitive luciferase reporter could represent B. suis S2 survival in real time. B. suis S2 mainly colonized the lungs, liver, spleen, and uterus in mice and guinea pigs as demonstrated by bioluminescence imaging.Conclusion
The plasmid-based lux bioreporter strategy can be used to obtain high resolution in vivo images of B. suis S2 infection in mice and guinea pigs.9.
Background
Phytochemicals are natural bioactive compounds that protect plants against the stress. These phytochemicals may also have other biological activities like, antibacterial activity.Objective
The objective of this work is to study the antibacterial effect of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts prepared from Thymus vulgaris, Aloysia triphylla, Pistacia lentiscus, Olea europaea leaves and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds on some pathogenic bacteria responsible for gastroenteritis.Result
The results obtained from the antibacterial effect showed a moderate activity against the strains studied with a diameters of inhibition zones ranging from 07.00 ± 0.8 to 16.00 ± 1.0 mm for aqueous extracts and vary between 07.00 ± 0.9 and 13.00 ± 1.0 mm for hydro-alcoholic extracts.Conclusion
This study confirms the possibility of using these plants or components in the prevention of several diseases like, gastroenteritis.10.
Giselle A. Suero-Abreu Orlando Aristizábal Benjamin B. Bartelle Eugenia Volkova Joe J. Rodríguez Daniel H. Turnbull 《Molecular imaging and biology》2017,19(2):203-214
Purpose
In this study, we evaluated a genetic approach for in vivo multimodal molecular imaging of vasculature in a mouse model of melanoma.Procedures
We used a novel transgenic mouse, Ts-Biotag, that genetically biotinylates vascular endothelial cells. After inoculating these mice with B16 melanoma cells, we selectively targeted endothelial cells with (strept)avidinated contrast agents to achieve multimodal contrast enhancement of Tie2-expressing blood vessels during tumor progression.Results
This genetic targeting system provided selective labeling of tumor vasculature and showed in vivo binding of avidinated probes with high specificity and sensitivity using microscopy, near infrared, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. We further demonstrated the feasibility of conducting longitudinal three-dimensional (3D) targeted imaging studies to dynamically assess changes in vascular Tie2 from early to advanced tumor stages.Conclusions
Our results validated the Ts-Biotag mouse as a multimodal targeted imaging system with the potential to provide spatio-temporal information about dynamic changes in vasculature during tumor progression.11.
Kajal Gokal Deborah Wallis Samreen Ahmed Ion Boiangiu Kiran Kancherla Fehmidah Munir 《Supportive care in cancer》2016,24(3):1139-1166
Purpose
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a self-managed home-based moderate intensity walking intervention on psychosocial health outcomes among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods
The randomised controlled trial compared a self-managed, home-based walking intervention to usual care alone among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Outcome measures included changes in self-report measures of anxiety, depression, fatigue, self-esteem, mood and physical activity. Fifty participants were randomised to either the intervention group (n?=?25), who received 12 weeks of moderate intensity walking, or the control group (n?=?25) mid-way through chemotherapy. Participants in the intervention group were provided with a pedometer and were asked to set goals and keep weekly diaries outlining the duration, intensity and exertion of their walking. Levels of psychosocial functioning and physical activity were assessed pre- and post-intervention in both groups.Results
The intervention had positive effects on fatigue (F?=?5.77, p?=?0.02), self-esteem (F?=?8.93, p?≤?0.001), mood (F?=?4.73, p?=?0.03) and levels of physical activity (x 2?=?17.15, p?=?0.0011) but not anxiety (F?=?0.90, p?=?0.35) and depression (F?=?0.26, p?=?0.60) as assessed using the HADS. We found an 80 % adherence rate to completing the 12-week intervention and recording weekly logs.Conclusion
This self-managed, home-based intervention was beneficial for improving psychosocial well-being and levels of physical activity among breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN50709297.12.
Matteo Bassetti Elda Righi Filippo Ansaldi Maria Merelli Claudio Scarparo Massimo Antonelli Jose Garnacho-Montero Ana Diaz-Martin Inmaculada Palacios-Garcia Roberto Luzzati Chiara Rosin Leonel Lagunes Jordi Rello Benito Almirante Pier Giorgio Scotton Gianmaria Baldin George Dimopoulos Marcio Nucci Patricia Munoz Antonio Vena Emilio Bouza Viviana de Egea Arnaldo Lopes Colombo Carlo Tascini Francesco Menichetti Enrico Tagliaferri Pierluigi Brugnaro Maurizio Sanguinetti Alessio Mesini Gabriele Sganga Claudio Viscoli Mario Tumbarello 《Intensive care medicine》2015,41(9):1601-1610
Purpose
Clinical data on patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) is still scarce.Methods
We collected data from 13 hospitals in Italy, Spain, Brazil, and Greece over a 3-year period (2011–2013) including patients from ICU, medical, and surgical wards.Results
A total of 481 patients were included in the study. Of these, 27 % were hospitalized in ICU. Mean age was 63 years and 57 % of patients were male. IAC mainly consisted of secondary peritonitis (41 %) and abdominal abscesses (30 %); 68 (14 %) cases were also candidemic and 331 (69 %) had concomitant bacterial infections. The most commonly isolated Candida species were C. albicans (n = 308 isolates, 64 %) and C. glabrata (n = 76, 16 %). Antifungal treatment included echinocandins (64 %), azoles (32 %), and amphotericin B (4 %). Septic shock was documented in 40.5 % of patients. Overall 30-day hospital mortality was 27 % with 38.9 % mortality in ICU. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (OR 1.05, 95 % CI 1.03–1.07, P < 0.001), increments in 1-point APACHE II scores (OR 1.05, 95 % CI 1.01–1.08, P = 0.028), secondary peritonitis (OR 1.72, 95 % CI 1.02–2.89, P = 0.019), septic shock (OR 3.29, 95 % CI 1.88–5.86, P < 0.001), and absence of adequate abdominal source control (OR 3.35, 95 % CI 2.01–5.63, P < 0.001) were associated with mortality. In patients with septic shock, absence of source control correlated with mortality rates above 60 % irrespective of administration of an adequate antifungal therapy.Conclusions
Low percentages of concomitant candidemia and high mortality rates are documented in IAC. In patients presenting with septic shock, source control is fundamental.13.
Yifang Hu Jie Liu Chengcai Leng Yu An Shuang Zhang Kun Wang 《Molecular imaging and biology》2016,18(6):830-837
Purpose
Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a promising in vivo optical imaging technique in preclinical research at cellular and molecular levels. The problem of BLT reconstruction is quite ill-posed and ill-conditioned. In order to achieve high accuracy and efficiency for its inverse reconstruction, we proposed a novel approach based on L p regularization with the Split Bregman method.Procedures
The diffusion equation was used as the forward model. Then, we defined the objective function of L p regularization and developed a Split Bregman iteration algorithm to optimize this function. After that, we conducted numerical simulations and in vivo experiments to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.Results
The results of the simulations indicated that compared with the conjugate gradient and iterative shrinkage methods, the proposed method is more accurate and faster for multisource reconstructions. Furthermore, in vivo imaging suggested that it could clearly distinguish the viable and apoptotic tumor regions.Conclusions
The Split Bregman iteration method is able to minimize the L p regularization problem and achieve fast and accurate reconstruction in BLT.14.
Damien Cressier Martine Dhilly Thang T. Cao Pham Fabien Fillesoye Fabienne Gourand Auriane Maïza André F. Martins Jean-François Morfin Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes Éva Tóth Louisa Barré 《Molecular imaging and biology》2016,18(3):334-343
Purpose
The aim of this work is to develop an efficient and fully automated radiosynthesis of three derivatives of the Pittsburgh compound B labeled with gallium-68 for the detection of amyloid plaques.Procedures
The radiolabeling of the precursors and purification of the radiolabeled agents by high pressure liquid chromatography has been studied prior to their in vitro and in vivo evaluations.Results
The complete process led, in 50 min, to pure Ga-68 products in a 12–38 % yield and with appreciable specific radioactivity (SRA, 85–168 GBq/μmol) which enabled us to demonstrate a considerable in vivo stability of the products. Unfortunately, this result was associated with a poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and a limited uptake of our compounds by amyloid deposits was observed by in vitro autoradiography.Conclusion
Although we have not yet identified a compound able to significantly mark cerebral amyloidosis, this present investigation will likely contribute to the development of more successful Ga-68 radiotracers.15.
Benjamin F. Ricciardi Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Elysia Masters Mark Ninomiya Charles C. Lee Edward M. Schwarz 《Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine》2018,11(3):389-400
Purpose of Review
The incidence of complications from prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is increasing, and treatment failure remains high. We review the current literature with a focus on Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis and biofilm, as well as treatment challenges, and novel therapeutic strategies.Recent Findings
S. aureus biofilm creates a favorable environment that increases antibiotic resistance, impairs host immunity, and increases tolerance to nutritional deprivation. Secreted proteins from bacterial cells within the biofilm and the quorum-sensing agr system contribute to immune evasion. Additional immunoevasive properties of S. aureus include the formation of staphylococcal abscess communities (SACs) and canalicular invasion. Novel approaches to target biofilm and increase resistance to implant colonization include novel antibiotic therapy, immunotherapy, and local implant treatments.Summary
Challenges remain given the diverse mechanisms developed by S. aureus to alter the host immune responses. Further understanding of these processes should provide novel therapeutic mechanisms to enhance eradication after PJI.16.
Background
Aim was to determine the predictive factors for polypharmacy among inpatient children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.Methods
Blinded, case-note review of children and adolescents with ICD 10 diagnosis of psychiatric disorders on psychotropic medication was conducted. Data on demography, illness, and treatment was analyzed with univariate and multivariate techniques.Results
Proscribing non-pharmacological interventions (OR = 4.7) and pro re nata medication (OR = 3.3), increased the risk of polypharmacy. Prescribing physical restraint reduced the risk of receiving multiple medications (OR = 0.3).Conclusion
Proscribing non-pharmacological interventions, pro re nata medication and physical restraints increased polypharmacy.17.
Masashi Hirooka Yohei Koizumi Yusuke Imai Atsushi Yukimoto Takao Watanabe Osamu Yoshida Masanori Abe Yoichi Hiasa 《Journal of Medical Ultrasonics》2018,45(4):555-564
Purpose
The aim of this study was to clarify whether ultrasound quantitative methods were positively correlated with volume of ascites evaluated by whole abdominopelvic CT.Methods
Sixty-eight patients with cirrhotic ascites were retrospectively analyzed. First, to confirm that virtual ultrasonography (VUS) is an alternative method to conventional ultrasound, 22 patients underwent both conventional ultrasonography and VUS. Second, the efficacy of US quantitative methods (3-point method, 4-point method, 5-point method, and Matsumoto’s method) was confirmed by VUS in 68 patients. We assessed whether the ascites volume predicted by VUS corresponded with that calculated by 3D-CT. Of the 68 patients, 23 patients were analyzed before and after administration of tolvaptan.Results
The predictive volumes calculated by VUS were remarkably relative to those yielded by conventional US. Correlations between exact volume and those measured by VUS were significantly high (3-point method: r?=?0.882, p?<?0.001; 4-point method: r?=?0.797, p?<?0.001; 5-point method: r?=?0.836, p?<?0.001; Matsumoto’s method: r?=?0.453, p?<?0.001). Correlations between decreasing volume on 3D-CT and that measured by VUS were also significantly high in patients with administration of tolvaptan.Conclusion
Ascites volume measured by ultrasound was effective, especially the 3-point and 5-point methods. It was useful to assess the efficacy of diuretics in cirrhotic patients.18.
Ralph Kickuth Hanno Hoppe Bettina Saar Daniel Inderbitzin Jürgen Triller Susanne Raessler Jürgen Gschossmann 《Abdominal imaging》2016,41(9):1782-1792
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of superselective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in the treatment of acute peripancreatic bleeding complications.Methods
During a 9-year period, 44 patients with acute bleeding of the peripancreatic arteries underwent TAE in our institution. Thirty-eight patients were treated using microcatheters and 6 patients with a diagnostic catheter. Embolic agents included coils (n = 38), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles (n = 2), isobutyl cyanoacrylate (n = 2), coils plus PVA particles (n = 1), and coils plus isobutyl cyanoacrylate (n = 1). Outcome measures included technical success, clinical success, and the rate of complications.Results
Identified bleeding sources included gastroduodenal artery (n = 14), splenic artery (n = 9), pancreaticoduodenal artery (n = 6), common hepatic artery (n = 5), superior mesenteric artery branches (n = 4), proper hepatic artery (n = 3), and dorsal/transverse pancreatic artery (n = 3). Technical success with effective control of active bleeding was achieved in 41/44 patients (93 %). Clinical success attributed to TAE alone was documented in 40/44 patients (91 %). The rate of major complications was 2 % including death in one patient.Conclusions
Superselective TAE allows effective, minimally invasive control of acute peripancreatic bleeding complications with a low rate of therapeutically relevant complications.19.
Purpose
Sensitivity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to microvascular flow modifications can be limited by intra-injection variability (injected dose, rate, volume).Procedures
To evaluate the effect of injection variability on microvascular flow evaluation, CEUS was compared between controlled and manual injections where enhancement was assessed in vitro within a flow phantom, in normal murine kidney (N?=?12) and in murine ectopic tumors (N?=?10).Results
For both in vitro and in vivo measurements in the renal cortex, controlled injections significantly improved reproducibility of functional parameter estimation. Their coefficient of variation (CV) in the renal cortex ranged from 4 to 19 % for controlled injection vs. 5 to 43 % for manual injections. For measurements in tumors, controlled injection only decreased the CV significantly for the mean transit time. In tumors, multiple injections of contrast agent with a 15-min delay between each were shown to strongly modify contrast uptake by facilitating penetration of microbubbles.Conclusion
Improved reproducibility of CEUS assessments in murine models should provide more robust quantification of flow parameters and more sensitive evaluation of tumor modifications in therapeutic models.20.
Federico Franchi Karen M. Peterson Ramasamy Paulmurugan Clifford Folmes Ian R. Lanza Amir Lerman Martin Rodriguez-Porcel 《Molecular imaging and biology》2016,18(4):510-518