空腹甘油三酯水平正常的2型糖尿病患者脂肪餐负荷试验的临床研究

目的 研究空腹甘油三酯水平（ＴＧ）正常的２型糖尿病患者餐后脂代谢的改变。方法 采用发言奶脂肪餐负荷试验对３３例空腹ＴＧ正常（观察组）和１０例空腹ＴＧ增高（高脂组）的２型糖尿病患者以及１０名健康对照者（对照组）进行餐后脂代研究。前者依据餐后４小时ＴＧ（ＴＧ４ｈ）再分为餐后正常组和餐后增高组。结果 脂餐后受试者２～８小时ＴＧ水平均有所增高，高密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）都有一个轻微的低谷改变，其中     

维生素C对高脂餐后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的保护作用

目的探讨维生素C对高脂餐后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能变化的影响。方法74例冠心病患者被随机分为两组,分别在禁食12h后进食高脂餐与维生素C2g（A组,n＝37）或单纯的高脂餐（B组,n＝37）。分别采集餐前及餐后2、4、5、7h静脉血标本,用以测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）浓度。采用高分辨血管外超声法检测餐前及餐后4h肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果冠心病患者空腹状态的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能显著受损。服用维生素C2g（A组）餐后4h内皮依赖性血管舒张功能较餐前无显著变化［（3.63±0.59）%∶（4.51±0.49）%,P=0.064］;未服用维生素C2g（B组）餐后4h内皮依赖性血管舒张功能较餐前相比严重受损［（3.58±0.63）%∶（0.58±0.40）%,P<0.001］。高脂餐后硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能的变化无统计学意义［A组（19.48±1.38）%∶（20.25±1.21）%,P=0.498;B组（18.71±1.53）%∶（16.36±1.53）%,P=0.135］。两组受试者餐后2～7h血清TG浓度均显著升高。经相关分析结果显示B组受试者的餐后2h血清TG浓度增高值与餐后4h内皮依赖性血管舒张功能下降值显著正相关（r=0.395,P<0.02）。结论高脂餐后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能显著受损,大剂量维生素C对其有保护作用。     

1089例老年及老年前期男性血脂现状分析

目的 研究本市１０８９例老年和老年前期男性的血脂现状。方法 采用标准化方法测定血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）水平。结果 ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ在６０￣６４岁时达到高峰。８０岁以上高龄男性ＴＧ下降,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ增高。老年前期和老年期男性ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ均值分别为４．８２和４．９８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１．５５和１．５０     

脂餐后血清甘油三酯代谢异常作为冠心病独立危险因素的探讨

目的 为探讨血清富含甘油三酯脂蛋白（ＴＧＲＬ）代谢异常与ＣＨＤ的关系。本研究以脂肪餐负荷后血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）的反应水平作为反映血清ＴＧＲＬ代谢状况的敏感指标，进行独立危险因素的探讨。方法 ４６例冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者（ＣＨＤ组）及３４例健康人（对照组）禁食１２￣１４小时后，均接受标准胆肪餐负荷试验。分别于餐前（０小时）及餐后２、４、６、８小时采血测定血清ＴＧ浓度及空腹表总胆固醇（ＴＧ）、高     

血脂康对高脂饮食家兔血管内皮细胞功能的保护作用

目的探讨血脂康对高胆固醇饮食家兔血管内皮细胞功能的保护作用。方法健康纯种新西兰白兔３０只，随机分层分组法分为对照组（普通饲料），高脂组（普通饲料＋１５％胆固醇），治疗组（普通饲料＋１５％胆固醇＋血脂康０８ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１），在实验不同阶段，观察各组家兔血清脂质、一氧化氮及血浆内皮素、前列环素、血栓素含量及血管内皮细胞病理形态学改变。结果实验前各组血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）、血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）１、血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、血浆血栓素（ＴＸ）Ｂ２及６酮前列腺素（ＰＧ）Ｆ１α等无明显差异。实验１２周，高脂组、血脂康治疗组血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬＣ及血浆ＥＴ１、ＴＸＢ２及ＴＸＢ２／６酮ＰＧＦ１α比值明显高于对照组，但治疗组明显低于高脂组（Ｐ值均＜０．０５）；血浆ＮＯ低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），但治疗组高于高脂组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。病理结果显示：血脂康治疗组主动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化病变及血管内皮细胞损伤明显轻于高脂组。结论血脂康具有明显的调整脂质代谢及保护血管内皮细胞功能的作用。     

黑加仑油对大鼠血脂的影响

目的 研究在高脂血症形成过程中黑加仑油的调节血脂作用。方法 在高脂饲料中加入６％的黑加仑油喂饲Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠３ｗ，观察其对大鼠血脂的早衰亲高脂血症大鼠血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）含量、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）比值（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）和ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值降低，而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅱ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ）水平、Ｈ     

力平脂治疗高脂血症的临床观察

报告对１５３例高脂血症患者以力平脂治疗１００例，潘特生治疗５３例。于服力平脂４和８周后分别检测有关指标，总胆固醇（ＴＣ）分别下降２０％、２３％；甘油三酯（ＴＧ）下降５５％、５９％；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）下降２０％、２３％；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）升高２８％、３８％；ＴＣＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值下降３１％。前后对比差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。其中１５例重度高ＴＧ血症（ＴＧ≥５．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），服力平脂８周后，ＴＧ值下降７．２±３．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ下降率为７４．０％，显示其降ＴＧ尤为显著。服药前ＴＧ值越高，治疗后下降越显著。力平脂还可使载脂蛋白Ａ（ａｐｏ－Ａ１）升高，为１５％（４周）、１８％（８周）；ａｐｏ－Ａ１／ａｐｏ－Ｂ比值分别上升４６％、４８％；ａｐｏ－８分别下降１５％、１７％。力平脂组部分病例的ＡＬＴ轻度升高，但为可逆性，其余尚未发现明显副作用。     

绝经后女性冠心病性激素与血脂,载脂蛋白的关系

测定３６例绝经后女性冠心病病人和２４例对照者的血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、睾酮（Ｔ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白ＡⅠ（ＡｐｏＡⅠ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ１００（ＡｐｏＢ１００）水平。结果显示：ＣＨＤ组Ｅ２、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡⅠ显著低于对照组。ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ１００显著高于对照组。Ｅ２和Ｔ与ＡｐｏＡⅠ呈显著正相关。表明绝经后女性ＣＨＤ存在性激素环境失衡，Ｅ２水平不足，引起血脂、脂蛋白代谢紊乱，支持Ｅ２对女性ＣＨＤ有直接保护作用。     

老年2型糖尿病患者脂代谢的测定及临床意义

目的 探讨老年２型糖尿病与血脂、载脂蛋白、脂蛋白之间的关系及其临床测定的意义。方法 对９７例老年２型糖尿病患者及６５例老年对照组进行了血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白ＡＩ、载脂蛋白Ｂ及脂蛋白（ａ）「Ｌｐ（ａ）」的测定。结果 老年２型糖尿病患者血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ＡｐｏＢ及Ｌｐ（ａ）水平均显著高于老年对照组。而血     

血脂康对高脂饮食家兔血症内皮细胞功能的保护作用

目的 探讨血脂康对高胆固醇饮食家兔血管内皮细胞功能的保护作用。方法 健康纯种新西兰白兔３０只，随机分层分组法分为对照组，高脂组，治疗组，在实验不同阶段，观察各组家兔血清脂质、一经氮及血浆内皮素、前列环素、血栓素含量及血管内皮细胞病理形态学改变。结果有各组血清总胆固醇、甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）－１、血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、血浆血栓素（ＴＸ）Ｂ２及６－酮－前列腺素（ＰＥ     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.