大分割适形放疗在非小细胞肺癌患者中的临床研究

目的 探讨大分割适形放疗与常规分割适形放疗在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的临床效果.方法 选取68例NSCLC患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组34例.其中对照组患者给予常规分割适形放疗,研究组患者给予大分割适形放疗,观察对比两组患者的近期临床疗效、不良反应发生率及生存率.结果 研究组患者治疗总有效率为94.1%,高于对照组患者的73.5%(P﹤0.05);研究组患者3年、5年的生存率分别为88.2%、58.8%,均高于对照组患者的64.7%、32.4%(P﹤0.05);对两组Ⅰ、Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期患者进行分层分析,在早期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ期)患者中,研究组生存率优于对照组(P﹤0.05),而在局部中晚期(Ⅲ期)患者中差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);根据肿瘤体积进行分层分析,在肿瘤体积≤90 cm3的NSCLC患者中,研究组生存率优于对照组(P﹤0.05),而在肿瘤体积﹥90 cm3的NSCLC患者中,研究组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);研究组患者不良反应发生率为32.4%,与对照组患者的38.2%比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 大分割适形放疗治疗NSCLC的临床疗效较好,可有效提高患者生存率,减少不良反应,是一种值得在临床中推广应用的治疗方式.     

图像引导大分割调强放疗同步化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的探讨图像引导大分割调强放疗(IGIMHR)同步化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及对血清肿瘤标志物的影响。方法选取2014年3月至2016年1月间中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的136例局部晚期NSCLC患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,每组68例。两组患者均给予培美曲塞及顺铂的联合化疗,观察组患者给予IGIMHR,对照组患者给予常规分割的三维适形放疗,治疗12周后比较两组患者的疗效、血清肿瘤标志物水平、不良反应发生率及近期生存率。结果治疗12周后观察组总有效率为72.1%,高于对照组的51.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12周后观察组糖类抗原125(CA125)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CY211)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC)和糖链抗原199(CA199)水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组患者各项不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组患者6个月和1年生存率分别为95.6%和85.3%,分别高于对照组的83.8%和70.6%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论采用IGIMHR同步化疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC患者的疗效较好,可有效降低患者血清肿瘤标志物水平,提高患者生存率,值得推广。     

同步放化疗治疗复发性宫颈癌的疗效及安全性

目的探讨同步放化疗与单纯放疗治疗复发性宫颈癌的疗效及安全性。方法将260例复发性宫颈癌患者依据治疗方式不同分为同步放化疗组(150例)和单纯放疗组(110例),单纯放疗组予以放疗,同步放化疗组在单纯放疗组的治疗基础上予以同步化疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、血清肿瘤标志物[鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)]水平、不良反应及生存情况。结果同步放化疗组患者治疗有效率为90.00%(135/150),明显高于单纯放疗组的71.82%(79/110),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。治疗前,两组患者SCC-Ag、CEA及CA72-4水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后,两组患者SCC-Ag、CEA及CA72-4水平均降低(P﹤0.05),且同步放化疗组患者SCC-Ag、CEA及CA72-4水平均明显低于单纯放疗组(P﹤0.01)。两组患者3~4级不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。同步放化疗组患者3年生存率及5年生存率均明显高于单纯放疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论同步放化疗相较于单纯放疗治疗复发性宫颈癌具有更加显著的疗效,可降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,提高生存率,且不会明显增加不良反应。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌患者靶向治疗效果及血清肿瘤标志物变化分析

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CA211)与晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者靶向治疗效果及预后的关系.方法 选取晚期NSCLC患者82例,所有患者均接受靶向药物治疗,治疗结束后评价近期疗效,并在治疗前及治疗后2个月对患者血清CEA与CA211水平进行检测,比较不同组织学类型晚期NSCLC患者血清CEA、CA211水平,分析治疗前后不同疗效晚期NSCLC患者血清CEA、CA211水平,并分析血清CEA、CA211水平与晚期NSCLC患者生存期的关系.结果 82例患者靶向治疗的总有效率为43.90％;腺癌患者血清CEA水平明显高于鳞癌患者(P﹤0.01),CA211水平明显低于鳞癌患者(P﹤0.01);治疗后,PR组患者血清CEA、CA211水平均较治疗前降低(P﹤0.05);治疗后,PR组患者血清CEA、CA211水平均低于治疗后SD、PD组患者(P﹤0.05);治疗后,PD组患者血清CEA、CA211水平均较治疗前升高(P﹤0.05).血清CEA水平﹤15 ng/ml、血清CA211水平﹤5 ng/ml患者的PFS大于血清CEA水平≥15 ng/ml、血清CA211水平≥5 ng/mL的患者(P﹤0.05).结论 不同近期疗效晚期NSCLC患者血清CEA、CA211水平存在较大差异,血清CEA、CA211水平对预测晚期NSCLC患者靶向治疗效果及预后具有重要的参考价值.     

调强适形放疗同步化疗联合热疗治疗原发性上皮性卵巢癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨调强适形放疗(IMRT)同步化疗联合热疗对原发性上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析90例原发性EOC患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式分为观察组和对照组,每组45例,对照组给予IMRT同步化疗进行治疗,观察组在此基础上给予热疗.治疗3个月后,观察两组患者的治疗效果,比较两组患者治疗前后肿瘤标志物水平、生活质量和不良反应发生情况的差异.结果 观察组患者疗效优于对照组(P﹤0.05).治疗前两组患者肿瘤标志物水平差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后观察组患者的癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原15-3(CA15-3)和糖类抗原125(CA125)水平均明显低于对照组(P﹤0.01).治疗前两组患者生活质量评分差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后观察组患者生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P﹤0.01).两组患者恶心、呕吐,肝肾功能受损,骨髓抑制及血栓性静脉炎发生情况差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 IMRT同步化疗联合热疗对原发性EOC有较好的治疗效果,可提高患者的生活质量.     

克唑替尼联合化疗治疗间变性淋巴瘤激酶阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及安全性

目的 探讨克唑替尼联合化疗治疗间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 根据治疗方式的不同将90例ALK阳性晚期NSCLC患者分为对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组予以单纯化疗,观察组予以化疗联合克唑替尼靶向治疗,两组患者均定期随访2年.比较两组患者的临床疗效、血清肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)]水平、不良反应发生率及生存情况.结果 治疗后,观察组患者的疾病控制率为82.22％,高于对照组的57.78％,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);观察组患者的血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE水平均低于对照组(P﹤0.05).治疗期间观察组患者的不良反应总发生率为42.22％(19/45),与对照组患者的48.89％(22/45)比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).观察组患者的1年生存率和2年生存率均高于对照组(P﹤0.05).结论 克唑替尼联合化疗治疗ALK阳性晚期NSCLC的临床疗效显著,可降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,提高患者生存率,且安全性较高.     

调强放疗与同步吉西他滨化疗加吡柔比星热灌注化疗治疗老年晚期膀胱癌的近期疗效及预后分析

目的 探讨调强放疗与同步吉西他滨化疗加吡柔比星热灌注化疗治疗老年晚期膀胱癌的近期疗效及预后分析.方法 回顾性分析118例晚期膀胱癌患者的临床资料,根据治疗方案的不同将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组59例.对照组患者采取单用调强放疗方案进行治疗,观察组患者采取调强放疗与同步吉西他滨化疗加吡柔比星热灌注化疗进行治疗.比较并分析两组患者的近期疗效和不良反应发生情况,并分析其预后生存影响因素.结果 治疗结束后1个月,观察组患者的总有效率(RR)和疾病控制率(DCR)均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);两组患者的不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),且均未发生严重4级不良反应;观察组患者的中位总生存期(OS)为18.58个月(95%CI:16.55~20.59个月),对照组患者的中位OS为14.23个月(95%CI:12.16~16.29个月),观察组患者的中位OS长于对照组患者(P=0.042).Cox多元逐步回归分析结果显示:组织学分级为中低分化、有膀胱周围淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径大是影响老年晚期膀胱癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05).结论 调强放疗与同步吉西他滨化疗联合吡柔比星热灌注化疗治疗老年晚期膀胱癌患者的疗效较好,可有效提高患者的近期疗效,且未发生严重4级不良反应,可为治疗老年晚期膀胱癌提供新的治疗方案.     

新辅助化疗在局部晚期宫颈癌患者中的疗效观察

目的 探讨新辅助化疗在局部晚期宫颈癌患者中的疗效.方法 根据术前是否接受新辅助化疗将108例局部晚期宫颈癌患者分为对照组(n=53)和观察组(n=55),对照组患者不给予新辅助化疗而直接进行开腹根治性手术治疗,观察组患者术前给予新辅助化疗.比较两组患者一般手术指标、血清肿瘤标志物[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)]水平、病理学结果、生命质量和观察组不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组患者手术时间明显短于对照组(P﹤0.01),术中出血量明显低于对照组(P﹤0.01).术后,两组患者血清VEGF、CEA、SCC-Ag水平均低于本组术前(P﹤0.05),且观察组患者血清VEGF、CEA、SCC-Ag水平均低于对照组(P﹤0.05).观察组患者淋巴结转移阳性率、阴道切缘阳性率和宫旁累及阳性率均明显低于对照组(P﹤0.01).术后,两组患者欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)评分均高于本组术前(P﹤0.05),且观察组患者EORTC QLQ-C30评分高于对照组(P﹤0.05).观察组新辅助化疗过程中发生胃肠道反应9例、轻度骨髓抑制1例、皮疹2例,不良反应总发生率为21.82％(12/55),对症治疗后均好转,未影响正常手术时间.结论 术前进行新辅助化疗有助于缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,有效控制肿瘤转移,提高术后生活质量.     

EGFR-TKI治疗对NSCLC患者血清CEA的影响

目的 探讨表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)治疗对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)的影响.方法 选取NSCLC患者81例,均接受EGFR-TKI治疗,监测患者治疗前后的CEA水平.结果 完全缓解(CR)+部分缓解(PR)患者治疗后的CEA水平低于治疗前(P﹤0.05);进展(PD)患者治疗后的CEA水平高于治疗前(P﹤0.05);稳定(SD)患者治疗前后的CEA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);CR+PR患者治疗前的CEA水平高于SD和PD患者(P﹤0.05);不同年龄、性别、吸烟史、组织类型、临床分期和治疗药物的NSCLC患者的近期疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);基线CEA≥5 ng/ml患者的近期疗效优于基线CEA﹤5 ng/ml的患者(P﹤0.05);基线CEA≥5 ng/ml组患者的中位无疾病进展时间为16.61个月(95%CI:12.22~20.43个月),长于基线CEA﹤5 ng/ml组患者的9.82个月(95%CI:5.21~14.40个月)(P﹤0.05).结论 血清CEA监测有助于判断NSCLC患者EGFR-TKI治疗效果,CEA治疗前高水平可能预示靶向药物治疗效果好.     

同期放化疗模式下不同放疗剂量对局部晚期食管癌患者的疗效及安全性

目的探讨同期放化疗模式下不同放疗剂量对局部晚期食管癌患者的疗效及安全性。方法依据放疗剂量的不同将120例接受同期放化疗的局部晚期食管癌患者分为常规剂量组(n=68)和高剂量组(n=52),常规剂量组放疗剂量为50.4~54.0 Gy,高剂量组放疗剂量为60.0 Gy。比较两组患者的近期疗效、血清肿瘤标志物[血小板应答蛋白1(TSP1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)]水平、远期疗效(3年、5年局部控制率和生存率)及不良反应发生情况。采用Cox回归模型分析食管癌患者预后的影响因素。结果常规剂量组患者的总有效率为51.47%,与高剂量组的55.77%比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。治疗前及治疗后,两组患者的血清TSP1、VEGF水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。高剂量组患者的3年、5年局部控制率和生存率均高于常规剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。两组患者2级及以上放射性食管炎、放射性肺炎、恶心呕吐的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。Cox回归分析结果显示,同期放化疗模式下,放疗剂量、肿瘤部位、贫血程度均是食管癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P﹤0.05)。结论与常规剂量放疗联合同步化疗相比,高剂量(60.0 Gy)放疗联合同步化疗能够提高患者的远期疗效,且未增加不可逆致死性不良反应。     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Tracheobronchial aspergillosis in a patient with AIDS treated with aerosolized amphotericin B combined with itraconazole

Summary. The clinical features of a tracheobronchial infection due to Aspergillus flavus in an AIDS patient with a normal neutrophil count is described. Diagnosis was made by culture and microscopic examination of biopsies obtained from bronchial vegetations seen at bronchoscopy. Radiographic examination of the neck revealed the presence of large endoluminal fungal masses. Initially the patient was treated with a combination of itraconazole, flucytosine and aerosolized amphotericin B, then only with itraconazole plus aerosolized amphotericin B. A good therapeutic response was observed.
Zusammenfassung. Das klinische Bild einer tracheobronchialen Infektion, verursacht durch Aspergillus flavus bei einem AIDS-Patienten mit normaler Leukozytenzahl, wird vorgestellt. Die Diagnose wurde mikroskopisch und kulturell aus Biopsiematerial von Bronchialbelägen gestellt. Im Nacken-Röntgenbild waren endoluminale Pilzmassen nachweisbar. Der Patient wurde anfänglich mit einer Kombination von Itraconazol. Flucytosin und Amphotericin B-Aerosol behandelt, später nur mit Itraconazol und Amphotericin B-Aerosol. Der Patient sprach gut auf diese Therapie an.     

Improved survival in patients with breast rhabdoid tumors with multi-agent adjuvant chemotherapy combined with irradiation

Purpose  Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) have poor prognoses. Breast MRT is extremely rare; only three cases have been documented, with a mean prognosis of 7 months. Multi-agent chemotherapy with mastectomy and irradiation, as used in this case, may extend survival in breast MRT. Patient and methods  A 68-year-old woman who underwent a standard mastectomy was diagnosed with breast MRT. Postoperatively she received six cycles of cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil followed by oral administration of doxifluridine and anastrozole, after which no metastasis was detected. About 8 months postoperative, magnetic resonance imaging revealed cervical bone metastasis, and local irradiation and nine doses of “basic chemotherapy” consisting of biweekly paclitaxel and anastrozole were administered. About 4 months later, multiple lung metastases were revealed, and four doses of “basic chemotherapy” with added pirarubicin hydrochloride were administered. Four months after that, multiple large liver metastases were discovered, and five doses of “basic chemotherapy” with added carboplatin were administered. Results  The 19-month survival period of our case was almost three times that of reported breast MRT patients. Conclusion  Multi-agent chemotherapy combined with irradiation may be associated with the relatively long survival of the present case.     

手助腹腔镜诊治不明来源腹部巨大肿瘤临床体会

[目的]探讨手助腹腔镜诊治不明来源腹部巨大肿瘤的可行性和优越性。[方法]回顾性分析2例手助腹腔镜诊治不明来源腹部巨大肿瘤病例的临床资料。[结果]2例成功手术。术后病理诊断分别为十二指肠间质瘤和肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤，肿瘤大小分别为25．Ocm×20．0cm×l5．Ocm及15．5cm×12cm×10cm，无严重并发症，均治愈出院。[结论]术前准备充分，遵守肿瘤手术原则，手助腹腔镜诊治部分不明来源的腹部巨大肿瘤应是安全可行的，并保留了微创外科的优点。