非牵引床侧卧位PFNA手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

对22例老年股骨粗隆间骨折采用非牵引床侧卧位股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)手术治疗。术中掌握侧卧位透视技术,结合多种骨折闭合及有限切开复位技巧,可完成术中良好复位固定。术后随访3~12个月,X线片示骨折均完全愈合,无内固定失败。疗效根据Sanders评分标准评定,优良率为93%。非牵引床侧卧位下微创PFNA手术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效满意,适合在无骨科牵引床的基层医院应用推广。     

L形钢板加螺钉骨栓髂骨植骨治疗股骨髁部粉碎骨折

目的：股骨髁部粉碎骨折保守治疗效果差,采用手术复位内固定以利恢复膝关节功能。方法：2005～2009年采用L形钢板和螺钉骨栓髂骨植骨内固定治疗股骨髁粉碎骨折52例。术中先用螺丝固定内处髁,然后用L形钢板固定髁和股骨干。结果：所有骨折愈合,骨折解剖复位47例。随访1～3.5年,总优良率88.5%。结论：股骨髁部粉碎骨折应早期手术。采用L形钢板和螺钉内固定能达到解剖复位,坚强固定,早期功能锻炼,有利膝关节功能恢复。     

解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部骨折56例

目的:评价解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折的疗效及临床应用价值.方法:56例股骨髁部骨折患者均采用手术治疗,术中采用髁部解剖钢板固定,并用自体髂骨植骨;术后早期CPM仪进行功能训练,随访3个月～3年,评价治疗效果.结果:56例患者中,术后X 线片示骨折解剖复位48例,近解剖复位8例.切口Ⅰ期愈合53例,Ⅱ期愈合3例,无关节腔及深部感染;关节功能评分优22例,良24例,可7例,差3例,优良率为82.14%.结论:解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折具有明显的疗效及广阔的临床应用前景.     

关节镜下复位空心螺钉固定治疗股骨髁部B型骨折11例临床报道

目的:探讨关节镜引导下微创治疗股骨髁部B型骨折的临床效果及手术适应症。方法:自2009年3月～2011年3月,对11例(11膝)股骨髁部B型骨折患者进行关节镜引导下复位空心螺钉固定术,其中男7例,女4例,年龄平均34.5岁;将骨折依国际内固定研究会(AO)标准分类,B1型3例,B2型4例,B3型4例。清理关节腔后,在关节镜监视下牵引,用点式复位钳不断调整以复位骨折,镜下证实关节面分离<2 mm和骨折的软骨面平整后,打入导针,用空心螺钉固定。结果:全部11例患者均获得随访,平均17个月(10～27个月),术后复查X线片示骨折均解剖对位,术后6月骨折均达到骨性愈合,Lysholm膝关节评分平均为90分(83～95分),膝关节屈伸活动度平均为131°(120～140°)。结论:关节镜引导下复位空心螺钉固定股骨髁部B型骨折具有微创、可视、复位确切等优点,并对合并膝内损伤者具有明显诊治优势。     

解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部骨折46例临床观察

目的评价解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折的疗效及临床应用价值。方法46例股骨髁部骨折患者均采用手术治疗,术中采用髁部解剖钢板固定,并用自体髂骨植骨;术后早期CPM仪进行功能训练,随访3个月-3年,评价治疗效果。结果46例患者中,术后X线片示骨折解剖复位38例,近解剖复位8例。切口I期愈合40例,Ⅱ期愈合6例,无关节腔及深部感染;关节功能评分优18例,良20例,可5例,差3例,优良率为82．61％。结论解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折具有明显的疗效,值得推广应用。     

外侧小切口结合经皮撬拨复位有限内固定微创治疗跟骨关节内移位骨折的体会

外侧小切口结合经皮撬拨复位有限内固定手术治疗跟骨骨折18例,术前、术后及健侧跟骨X线片对比,Maryland评分法评价术后功能。术口均愈合,跟骨恢复满意。骨折平均于术后8周愈合,患者平均于术后4.3个月恢复正常生活,Maryland评分优良率77.8%。外侧小切口结合撬拨复位有限内固定可有效治疗移位的跟骨关节内骨折,手术微创,并发症少。     

微创内固定系统治疗老年股骨髁上骨折疗效观察

目的探讨闭合复位后微创内固定系统(Less Invasive Stabilization System,LISS)治疗老年股骨髁上骨折的临床疗效。方法对2004年1月-2014年10月秦皇岛市第一医院收治的37例老年股骨髁上骨折患者在闭合复位后行LISS治疗,术后予以预防感染、营养支持、早期康复等全身综合治疗,观察治疗效果。结果37例患者术后随访12~18个月,切口均一期愈合;根据最后1次随访结果进行HSS评分,其中优14例,良20例,可2例,差1例,优良率达91.9%。结论闭合复位后采用LISS治疗老年股骨髁上骨折,手术创伤小,术后并发症少,疗效显著。     

PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床体会

目的总结PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的经验与教训。方法56例各型股骨粗隆间骨折患者,采用持续硬膜外麻醉,在C型臂X线机监视下,通过调整牵引床闭合复位骨折后,小切口行PFNA内固定。结果术后均随访4-24个月,平均11．3个月,骨折愈合良好,髋关节功能恢复满意,优良率为94．6％。结论在c臂监视下利用牵引床闭合复位,采用PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折方法简单、创伤小、手术时间短、效果肯定,值得临床推广。     

微创固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折53例

目的 探讨微创固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)在股骨远端骨折手术中的技术要点. 方法2003年7月-2007年2月,采用LISS治疗53例股骨远端骨折.骨折按AO分型:33A1型2例,33A2型11例,33A3型10例,33C1型3例,33C2型15例,33C3型12例.手术方法:对股骨髁间的关节内骨折切开复位,而股骨干骺端骨折则闭合复位,再通过小切口插入LISS钢板,骨折复位满意、钢板位置适宜后,瞄准臂引导下分别在远、近骨折段钻入4～6枚锁定螺钉. 结果 51例患者随访平均25.9个月,术后平均14.2周X线片示骨痂明显形成.无内固定松动、断裂及深部感染.患膝平均活动度为伸直1°、屈曲115°.美同特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分平均为87.6分,优33例,良17例,中1例. 结论股骨远端骨折LISS微创手术应注意:用较长的LISS钢板;钢板应与股骨外髁贴附好;经近端小切口触摸确认钢板近段在股骨外侧中央;钻入股骨干螺钉前应摄X线片检查;骨质疏松、粉碎骨折患者应结合双皮质锁定螺钉固定.     

闭合复位交叉克氏针固定治疗Bennett骨折手术体会

在C型臂X线机下闭合复位交叉克氏针内固定方法治疗Bennett骨折36例,术后骨折全部愈合,按国际手外科联合会(TAM)系统评定法评定掌指关节功能,优良率100%。     

Which joint position puts the axillary nerve at lowest risk when performing arthroscopic capsular release in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder?

The success of arthroscopic capsular release of the glenohumeral joint depends on complete incision of the inferior capsule. This study determined the distance between capsule and the axillary nerve in different joint positions. In 14 human shoulder specimens the anterior joint capsule and axillary nerve were dissected, and the anterior joint capsule was incised between the 1 and 5 o'clock positions. The shortest distance between the insertion of the inferior capsule and the axillary nerve was measured at the glenoid and humeral insertions in abduction, adduction, internal, and external rotation. The axillary nerve is surrounded from soft connective tissue and is closer to the humeral than to the glenoidal attachment of the joint capsule. During abduction and external rotation the nerve stays in its position while the glenohumeral capsule tightens, which increases the distance between the two structures. This results in the following distances: to the glenoidal/humeral capsule insertion: in adduction and neutral rotation, 21.2+/-4.2/14.2+/-2.6 mm; in abduction and neutral rotation, 24.0+/-4.9/15.0+/-5.0 mm; in abduction and internal rotation, 21.1+/-6.6/14.6+/-3.7 mm; and in abduction and external rotation, 24.9+/-3.8/16.4+/-4.4 mm. Thus, when performing arthroscopic capsular release the incision of the glenohumeral joint capsule should be undertaken at the glenoidal insertion in the abducted and externally rotated shoulder.     

后侧入路微创全髋关节置换切口长度的临床研究

目的 探讨对于无选择患者微创全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)后侧入路缩短切口长度的合理性,并比较不同切口长度患者的临床效果.方法对2001年3月-2007年12月共256例单侧THA患者进行前瞻性研究.术前均不特意选择切口长度,采用后侧入路及微创手术技术,按照术后切口长度测量值分组:小切口组(＜10 cm)99例,中度切口组(10～14 cm)112例,标准切口组(＞14 cm)45例.收集住院期间患者相关资料包括年龄、性别、诊断、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、手术时间、术中出血量和总出血量、外旋肌保留和关节囊修复情况,分析术后X线平片,记录术中及术后并发症.术前及术后采用视觉模拟疼痛评分法(visual analog scale,VAS)来估测疼痛强度,Harris评分评定患髋功能.结果所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间6.1年(2.5～9.2年).有211例无选择THA患者可用较小的切口(＜14 cm)完成手术.小切口组体重指数低,术中出血量少,术后早期疼痛轻、对切口满意度高,但其髋臼假体外展角异常比例更高,与其余两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).中度切口组在关节囊解剖位修复及梨状肌保留例数、手术时间和术后6周Harris评分与小切口组相同,但与标准切口组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论对于无选择THA患者采用微创手术技术,较小的后侧切口可以获得安全满意的疗效.尽量缩短手术切口而非强求小切口,可最大限度减轻软组织损伤使手术顺利进行,并保证远期临床效果.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the reasonability of posterior approach incision length in an unselected patient cohort with minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) and compare the clinical results of different incision lengths. Methods A consecutive unselected 256 patients who underwent primary unilateral THA between March 2001 and December 2007 were studied prospectively. Prior to the operation, the incision length was not deliberately selected for the patients. A posterior approach was used for all procedures with minimally invasive surgical techniques. The patients were divided into three groups according to the incision length at the end of surgery: mini-incision group ( ＜ 10 cm, 99 patients) , moderate incision group (10-14 cm, 112 patients) and standard incision group ( ＞ 14 cm, 45 patients). The in-hospital data including age, sex, diagnosis,body mass index (BMI),operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, total blood loss, preservation of the external rotators, anatomic repair of the capsule as well as postoperative radiographs were collected for analysis of the intraoperative and postoperative complications. The pain was estimated by using the individual visual analog scale (VAS) and the functional outcome evaluated by Harris hip score preoperatively and postoperatively. Results All the patients were followed up for an average period of 6.1 years (2.5-9.2 years). The incision length was shortened and optimized ( ＜ 14 cm) in 211 patients. There showed decrease of BMI, less intraoperative blood loss, less pain, satisfactory outcome but higher proportion of abnormal abduction angle of the acetabular prosthesis in the early postoperative period in the mini-incision group, with statistical difference compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The preservation of the piriformis tendon, anatomic repair of the joint capsule, operation duration and Harris score at 6th postoperative week in the moderate incision group were similar to those in the mini incision group but showed statistical difference in comparison with the standard incision group ( P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Minimally invasive THA with a smaller posterior incision can attain safe and effective curative effect for the unselected patient cohort. A smaller but not necessarily miniincision may allow minimal soft tissue trauma for the surgeon to perform the procedure well and ensure a long-term clinical results.     

下伸肌支持带移位加强联合关节囊紧缩术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的疗效

 目的 探讨下伸肌支持带移位加强联合关节囊紧缩术治疗不同残余程度距腓前韧带损伤导致慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效。方法 选取2015-06至2019-08在武警特色医学中心骨科行下伸肌支持带移位加强联合关节囊紧缩术的58例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者,年龄18～50岁,平均(25.3±8.6)岁,随访12～26(18.1±5.5)个月,所有患者术前均对距腓前韧带残留物损伤程度进行超声、磁共振评估,术中进一步明确评估结果,术后采用足踝功能评分(foot and ankle outcome score, FAOS)随访,评估术后踝关节功能,比较不同残余程度距腓前韧带损伤的修复疗效差异。结果 58例中,术前超声检查48例可见距腓前韧带(auterjor tolofitular ligament,ATFL)残余,42例在MRI检查中可见ATFL残余,根据Cardone BW等按形态诊断ATFL损伤分级:19例韧带变薄,形态正常;10例韧带形态不规整; 29例断端萎缩或缺失。58例采用下伸肌支持带移位加强联合关节囊紧缩术治疗,术中见ATFL残余17例,缺失41例。58例均获得随访,术后患肢功能恢复满意,术后FAOS各独立分量中结果差异无统计学意义。结论 对于不同残余程度距腓前韧带损伤的慢性外踝关节不稳患者,中-短期临床随访结果表明,下伸肌支持带移位加强联合关节囊紧缩术临床疗效良好。     

伸直型膝关节僵直手术的各组织延长研究

目的　探讨延长膝关节局部组织对治疗伸直型膝关节僵直的可行性与价值。方法　术前 1个月行膝关节前方皮肤推拿、或扩张器扩张按摩 ;手术取膝关节外侧切口 ,切除部分挛缩的股中间肌、股内外侧肌纤维 ,皮瓣宽度要求在 15cm以上 ,将股直肌游离延长达 2 5～ 3 0cm ,凿除股骨干、股骨髁处骨痂隆起 ,髌骨外侧切开关节囊 ,股胫关节内粘连用长弯剪探入剪开 ,术后 2～ 3d固定 ,开始无痛锻炼。结果　 2 5例中2 3例一期愈合 ,2例功能稍差 ,膝关节活动范围 90～ 10 0°,其余膝关节伸直 0～ 5° ,屈曲 10 0～ 13 0°。结论　延长膝关节局部组织是治疗伸直型膝关节僵直可行和有效的治疗方法。     

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: diagnosis using magnetic resonance arthrography, with arthroscopic findings as the standard

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the glenohumeral joint in the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: MR arthrography of the glenohumeral joint was performed in 16 patients with arthroscopically proven adhesive capsulitis and 11 controls. Thickness of the joint capsule and synovium, filling ratio of the fluid-distended axillary recess to the posterior joint cavity, and a width of the rotator cuff interval were measured by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists. The measurements of those parameters for the patients with adhesive capsulitis and the controls were compared. Interobserver variability for the measurements of each parameter was calculated. RESULTS: The mean thickness of the joint capsule and synovium was 2.97 mm in patients with adhesive capsulitis and 1.86 mm in controls (P < 0.001). The mean filling ratio of the fluid-distended axillary to the posterior joint cavity was 0.51 in patients with adhesive capsulitis and 0.82 in controls (P = 0.004). The mean width of the rotator cuff interval was 7.45 mm in patients with adhesive capsulitis and 8.48 mm in controls (P > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficient for interobserver variability showed good agreement (95% CI; 0.72-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: On MR arthrography, thickening of the joint capsule and synovium and diminished filling ratio of the axillary recess to posterior joint cavity appeared to be useful diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.     

Obturator externus bursa: anatomic origin and MR imaging features of pathologic involvement

PURPOSE: To investigate the anatomy of the obturator externus bursa of the hip and describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of pathologic involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors dissected eight cadaver hemipelvises to assess for the presence of periarticular bursae of the hip and bursal communication with the fascial plane of the obturator externus muscle. In addition, 10 consecutive patients with obturator externus bursa enlargement were prospectively identified with MR imaging. A bursa was considered present when a fluid collection was seen extending along the obturator externus muscle, continuous with the posterior inferior hip joint. The direction, extent, contour, and thickness of the bursa and hip capsule were recorded. Surgical findings were available for eight of the 10 patients, with histopathologic correlation between the bursal lining and hip capsule. RESULTS: At cadaveric dissection, one specimen showed a bursa communicating with and extending from the posteroinferior aspect of the hip joint deep to the obturator externus tendon. In all 10 patients, MR images showed a hip joint effusion with a continuous bursa extending medially and displacing the obturator externus inferiorly. At surgery, a bursa was seen displacing the obturator externus muscle inferiorly and originating from the posteroinferior aspect of the hip joint in all eight patients. Results of pathologic analysis confirmed disease identical to the primary hip abnormality in all eight patients. CONCLUSION: The obturator externus bursa is a potential posteroinferior communication of the hip joint capsule, can be a site of disease spread from the hip joint, and can be accurately identified with MR imaging.     

Histologic evaluation of the glenohumeral joint capsule after the laser-assisted capsular shift procedure for glenohumeral instability

Glenohumeral joint capsule obtained from 42 patients who had undergone an arthroscopic laser-assisted capsular shift procedure was evaluated histologically. A total of 53 samples from the anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament of the joint capsule were collected before and at various times after the procedure (range, 0 to 38 months). Despite glenohumeral instability, joint capsule of the patients before the procedure showed no significant histologic lesions. Laser treatment significantly altered the histologic properties of the tissue as evidenced by hyalinization of collagen and necrotic cells (time 0). Tissues sampled during the short-term period (3 to 6 months) after the procedure demonstrated fibrous connective tissue with reactive cells and vasculature. Collagen and cell morphology returned to normal in the middle- to long-term period (7 to 38 months) after the procedure, while the number of fibroblasts remained elevated. Joint capsule collected from the shoulders of six patients who experienced stiffness after the procedure showed persistent synovial, cellular, and vascular reaction even after 1 year postoperatively, the cause of which is unclear. This study revealed histologic evidence of robust tissue healing and maturation after thermal treatment by the laser-assisted capsular shift procedure, although mechanical and biochemical characterization of the tissue was not evaluated. Correlation with clinical follow-up must be performed to further clarify the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure.     

Validation of a malnutrition screening tool for patients receiving radiotherapy

Nutrition screening identifies individuals who are malnourished or at risk of becoming malnourished and who may benefit from nutrition support. The aim of this study was to validate a new malnutrition screening tool (MST) in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. The MST was compared with the subjective global assessment (SGA) of nutritional status. One hundred and six patients attending two cancer care centres in Australia were independently rated as well nourished or malnourished using SGA and at risk or not at risk of malnutrition using the MST. Convergent validity of the MST was established by determining the ability of the MST to predict SGA. According to SGA, 89% of the patients were well nourished and 11% were moderately malnourished. According to the MST, 28% of patients were at risk of malnutrition. The MST had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 81%. The positive predictive value was 0.4 and the negative predictive value was 1.0. The MST is easy to use and is a strong predictor of nutritional status. The malnutrition screening tool is a simple, quick, valid tool that can be used to identify radiation oncology outpatients who are at risk of malnutrition.     

人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节重度骨性关节炎58例临床疗效

目的探讨人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节重度骨性关节炎临床疗效。方法对58例重度膝骨性关节炎行人工膝关节置换术,观察患者术后HSS评分、膝关节屈曲挛缩度及关节活动度情况。结果对58例患者随访9~36(15±2)个月,2例膝切口局部脂肪液化,经换药愈合。其余患者均无切口及关节内感染或关节松动。疗效优49例,良5例,优良率为93.1%,膝关节HSS评分从术前(36.5±2.8)分增加到术后(90.6±6.3)分,关节活动度由术前(32.2±11.8)°增加到术后(98.5±13.6)°,膝关节屈曲挛缩度由术前(18.5±1.3)°降低到术后(0.4±0.1)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人工膝关节置换术应用于严重骨性关节炎的治疗,能有效缓解疼痛,改善关节功能及生活质量。     

Open distal clavicle resection

Since 1941, resection of the distal clavicle has been a proven treatment for symptomatic acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology. Although arthroscopic techniques have been well developed, open distal clavicle resection remains the gold standard and in certain patients is the preferred technique for removal of the distal clavicle. A thorough understanding of the historical presentation, physical examination, and radiographic and MRI findings, as well as an appreciation for possible concomitant pathology, is necessary to properly select patients who will benefit from distal clavicle resection. Open distal clavicle resection may be performed expeditiously and at low cost through a cosmetically acceptable small saber-type incision, often in less time than it takes to set up arthroscopic equipment. Results of open distal clavicle resection demonstrate excellent symptomatic relief with low morbidity in properly selected patients. Attention to detail and knowledge of the anatomy of the AC joint is necessary to assure adequate but not excessive bone removal (usually 1 cm), and meticulous preservation of the superior capsule and deltotrapezial fascia allows for an anatomic closure of these stabilizing structures.