单侧与双侧入路椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的有限元分析及临床应用

目的探讨单、双侧经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的生物力学特点及临床疗效。方法建立有限元模型模拟分析单、双侧椎弓根入路PVP术后椎体的应变及应力变化。回顾性研究接受单、双侧椎弓根入路PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者85例,分析两组间手术时间、术中透视次数、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏率以及所有阶段视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。结果有限元分析表明,单侧入路模型最大应变、应力分别是双侧入路模型的1.18倍、1.15倍;临床研究发现,单侧入路组手术时间、术中透视次数均明显少于双侧入路组(P0.001)。两组骨水泥注射量、骨水泥渗漏率以及所有阶段VAS评分比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单侧入路椎体成形术生物力学效果与双侧入路接近;利用穿刺针定位单侧PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折与双侧入路PVP相比具有手术时间短、X线暴露次数少的特点。     

高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床价值研究

目的 探讨高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床价值.方法 选取2017年11月～2020年10月我院收治的80例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者作为研究对象,根据术式不同分为对照组(传统骨水泥经皮椎体成形术)和实验组(高粘度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术),每组各40例.术后比较两组患者手术情况及VAS、OD...     

经皮椎体成形术/后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的:评估经皮椎体成形术治疗多节段骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效.方法:采用经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)或经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗多节段骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者17例;比较手术前后椎体前柱及中柱高度以及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分,根据Nakai标准分析手术疗效.结果:本组手术顺利,手术后椎体前柱及中柱高度均大于手术前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后随访6～42个月.手术前后ODI和VAS评分较术前明显降低(P＜0.01),按Nakai标准评价:优9例,良5例,可2例,差1例,优良率82.35%(14/17).结论:经皮椎体后凸成形术或经皮椎体成形术治疗多节段骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折创伤小,疗效满意.     

单侧与双侧入路PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的近期临床疗效观察

目的比较单侧与双侧经椎弓根入路经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年5月于我院行PVP治疗的78例单个椎体骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者资料,根据手术入路不同分为两组:单侧组33例,男6例,女27例,年龄56～100岁,平均(74.2±9.6)岁;双侧组45例,男6例,女39例,年龄57～94岁,平均(75.0±8.3)岁。统计分析两组患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏率、手术前后骨折椎体压缩程度、手术前后骨折椎体后凸Cobb角、术后骨折椎体前缘高度恢复率及后凸Cobb角恢复率。结果两组患者术后疼痛症状均较术前明显改善,组内术后VAS评分均明显低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组间术后VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单侧入路组平均手术时间(56.9±29.7) min较双侧入路组(71.1±25.7) min短,骨水泥平均注入量(2.6±1.0) mL较双侧入路组(4.1±1.1) mL少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单侧入路组骨水泥渗漏率18.2%(6/33)略高于双侧入路组15.6%(7/45),但两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后椎体压缩程度及后凸Cobb角均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组间术后椎体高度恢复率及后凸Cobb角恢复率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用单侧与双侧经椎弓根入路PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,均能取得良好的治疗效果,但单侧入路组手术时间短、穿刺损伤小。     

改良椎体成形术的临床探讨

目的 采用改良侧卧位单侧椎弓根入路椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折,探讨其治疗效果.方法 选取骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者25例,均采用改良侧卧位单侧椎弓根入路实施椎体成形术,观察患者术前、术后VAS疼痛评分变化,记录患者术后并发症发生情况.结果 所有患者术后疼痛均明显缓解,VAS评分术前、术后1天、术后1周及术后3月分别为8.8±0.6、2.2±0.4、2.1±0.5及1.9±0.4.所用患者均获得随访,未发现与手术相关的并发症出现.结论 改良侧卧位单侧椎弓根入路椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折是安全有效的,值得临床推广.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗中老年性椎体骨折所致疼痛的临床探讨

目的:观察经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗中老年性骨质疏松性多个胸、腰椎骨折所致疼痛的疗效,探讨其治疗方法和止痛机制。方法:以自固化磷酸钙人工骨为充填材料,在CT监视定位下,经单侧椎弓根穿刺行经皮椎体成形术治疗31例椎体压缩性骨折的患者。结果:31例52个压缩性骨折椎体只需治疗35个,PMMA平均充填量为2.6ml,术中PMMA渗出者3例3个椎体,无并发症。术后所有患者疼痛明显减轻或消失,总有效率100%,显效率为77.4%。结论:少充填量,单侧椎弓根穿刺单椎体的PVP治疗能有效地缓解骨质疏松性胸、腰椎压缩性骨折引起的疼痛。     

侧推椎体内注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体隐匿性骨折的应用研究

目的 探讨侧推椎体内注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体隐匿性骨折的临床治疗效果。方法 选择民航总医院2016年3月至2019年9月采用经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty, PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体隐匿性骨折患者68例,侧推组40例,对照组28例,两组患者在年龄、性别、病情分级上无统计学差异。通过对比两组患者的骨水泥注入量以及骨水泥分布情况评价侧推的临床效果;采用术后随访的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue, VAS)评价手术效果;测量对比Cobb角以及椎体前缘的椎体高度(vertebral height, VH)评价脊柱畸形的矫正效果。结果 骨水泥注入量和分布侧推组与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。侧推组术后3 d与对照组VAS比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),侧推组和对照组术前和术后6个月、术后12个月VAS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。VH侧推组和对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Cobb角术后12个月侧推组和对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05...     

骨质疏松性压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术治疗后非手术椎体再骨折发生情况及影响因素分析

目的探讨骨质疏松性压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形术治疗后非手术椎体再骨折发生情况及影响因素分析。方法选取我院治疗的138例骨质疏松压缩性骨折病例进行回顾性分析,据术后随访结果,将患者分为是否发生非手术椎体骨折分为非骨折组71例、骨折组67例。对可能会导致经皮椎体成形术治疗后非手术椎体再骨折情况的相关资料进行单因素比较,对造成影响的单因素进行多因素回归分析。结果 138例骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后有67例患者发生非手术椎体再骨折,发生率占据总人数的48.55%;经多因素分析显示,骨密度、骨折椎体部位(胸腰段)均是影响骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生非手术椎体骨折的独立危险因素(P0.001)。结论骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生非手术椎体再骨折的机率高,骨密度、骨折椎体部位是影响骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者经皮椎体成形术治疗后发生非手术椎体骨折的危险因素。     

单双侧穿刺PKP治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的比较研究

目的探讨单侧与双侧穿刺经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折在疗效和安全性上的差异。方法 40例患者随机分为单侧组和双侧组。单侧组24例,双侧组16例,记录VAS评分、椎体Cobb角、椎体前缘及中部高度变化、手术时间及X线暴露时间,比较组间差异。结果 40例患者均未发现神经损伤等并发症,患者术前术后VAS评分、椎体Cobb角、椎体前缘及中部高度恢复差异有统计学意义(<0.05),组间差异无统计学意义(>0.05);两组手术时间和透视次数比较,差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论单双侧穿刺经皮椎体椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折手术效果无显著差异,单侧穿刺能明显减少手术和放射暴露的时间。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效和对疼痛的影响分析

目的经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效和对疼痛的影响分析。方法选取本院2015年2月至2017年12月收治的50例骨质疏松性腰椎压缩性骨折患者作为研究对象,共58个椎体,随机分成实验组和对照组。实验组患者有28个椎体采取经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗,对照组患者有30个椎体采用经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果及对疼痛的影响。结果术后实验组患者椎体高度恢复情况明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组患者VAS评分均明显下降,且实验组患者VAS评分降低程度比对照组更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术作为脊柱外科常用的微创技术,在恢复椎体高度及缓解脊柱疼痛感上有着良好的临床疗效。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.