肠癌细胞系SW-620中肿瘤干细胞相关SP亚群分析

背景:在某些恶性肿瘤中,SP细胞具有肿瘤干细胞的特性,如人脑瘤、乳腺癌等肿瘤干细胞的研究就是采用了这种方法。目前关于肠癌干细胞的研究尚处于探索阶段,国内外尚无肠癌干细胞分离、鉴定成功的报道。目的:分析肠癌细胞系SW-620中是否包含肿瘤干细胞相关的SP亚群。方法:制备SW-620细胞悬液,经Hoechst33342和PI染色,实验组加入Hoechst33342至终浓度为5mg/L,维拉帕米组同时加入维拉帕米至终浓度5mg/L,流式细胞仪分析SP亚群,共选取3次实验的结果。结果与结论:通过Hoechest33342蓝光和红光双参图,实验组SP细胞亚群位于左下角两种荧光均阴性或很弱的区域,经3次检测,肠癌细胞株SW620中SP比例分别为0.1%,1.0%和0.5%,经维拉帕米阻断后SP细胞比例均为0。提示人肠癌细胞系SW620中存在SP亚群细胞,即提示肠癌干细胞存在的可能;维拉帕米可抑制染料外从排而明显减少SP细胞的比例。     

新生小鼠肠侧群细胞的体外分离(英文)

背景:目前分离干细胞的方法主要基于其细胞标志,近年来发展一种非基于细胞标志的干细胞分离方法,即利用荧光激活细胞分类法将组织中干细胞和成熟细胞分离。目的:分离新生小鼠小肠黏膜来源的侧群细胞,探讨利用荧光活化细胞分选系统构建鼠肠干细胞群的可行性。方法:取新生小鼠小肠全长,制作小肠黏膜的类器官片段并制备成单细胞悬液。使用Hoechst33342和碘化丙啶染色后用流式细胞仪分选侧群细胞。提取细胞总RNA和蛋白,RT-PCR及Western-blot方法分别检测其中MSI-1 mRNA及MSI-1蛋白的表达水平。结果与结论:新生小鼠来源的小肠黏膜单细胞悬液中包含一个特定的细胞群体即侧群细胞,染色液中加入维拉帕米后,侧群细胞被阻断后消失。侧群细胞中显示有MSI-1 mRNA及蛋白的表达。提示新生小鼠的小肠黏膜侧群细胞富集小肠黏膜干细胞,荧光活化细胞分选系统可用于构建鼠肠干细胞群。     

血液肿瘤细胞株中侧群细胞的检测和分选

背景:侧群细胞广泛分布在多种成体组织,胚胎和某些肿瘤细胞系中,在不同的成体组织中含量不尽相同。血液肿瘤是危害人类的主要疾病之一,在血液肿瘤进行侧群细胞分布和方法研究对认识侧群细胞有重要的意义。目的:鉴定血液肿瘤的4个细胞株中是否存在侧群细胞,并掌握稳定的检测和分选侧群细胞的方法。方法:利用干细胞高效能将Hoechst33342荧光染料泵出细胞的特性,采用流式细胞仪检测在NB4、Raji、K562/ADM和K562细胞株中是否存在侧群细胞;对分选后K562两亚群细胞进行侧群细胞检测,以检测分选细胞的纯度。结果与结论:经Hoechst33342染色,流式细胞仪分析结果显示在4个血液肿瘤细胞株NB4、Raji、K562/ADM和K562细胞株中均存在侧群细胞,这群细胞比例均少,分别为0.8%、2.7%、1.3%和2.7%,能被Verapamil完全抑制。分选K562细胞侧群和非侧群细胞再次检测发现分选细胞纯度高。     

Let-7维持乳腺癌干细胞的特性及机制的研究

目的:研究let-7在乳腺癌干细胞中的表达,探索let-7影响乳腺癌干细胞的特性及机制。方法:采用SP分选法,分选乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中的SP及NSP细胞亚群;运用实时定量PCR法检测MCF-7细胞系中SP、NSP亚群let-7a/b/c的表达;通过Western blot法检测Ras、ERK蛋白在MCF-7细胞系中SP、NSP亚群中的表达,探索let-7维持乳腺癌干细胞特性的机制。结果:SP侧群细胞占MCF-7细胞的3.3%,加入维拉帕米抑制干细胞外排荧光染料Hoechst33342的功能后,SP侧群细胞占乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的比例下降至0.4%。Let-7miRNA在SP细胞中的表达低于NSP细胞,其中let-7b/c在SP及NSP亚群中表达差异最大;p-Ras、p-ERK在SP细胞中的表达高于NSP细胞,t-Ras及t-ERK的表达无明显差异。结论:SP法是一种可有效分离干细胞的方法,乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中存在肿瘤干细胞亚群;let-7在乳腺癌干细胞中的表达低于普通肿瘤细胞,而p-Ras、p-ERK在乳腺癌干细胞中的表达高于普通肿瘤细胞,let-7的低表达失去了对Ras mRNA的抑制,使Ras信号转导通路激活,进而磷酸化的p-Ras和p-ERK表达升高,维持乳腺癌干细胞的功能。     

K562细胞株侧群细胞中部分白细胞分化抗原的表达

背景：白血病侧群细胞表型的研究对于理解肿瘤细胞的异质性和起源、分子标记和靶向治疗等都有积极意义。 目的：鉴定人慢性粒细胞白血病细胞株K562中是否存在侧群细胞,并观察侧群细胞亚群与非侧群细胞亚群中部分白细胞分化抗原的表达差异。 方法：采用流式细胞术检测K562细胞株中是否存在侧群细胞;并进一步分析K562侧群细胞和非侧群细胞两亚群间CD34+、CD34+CD38-、CD34+CD38+、HLA-DR+细胞的表达情况。 结果与结论：经Hoechst33342染色,流式细胞仪分析结果显示在K562中存在侧群细胞,这部分细胞比例少,为(2.7±0.5)%;统计学分析侧群细胞和非侧群细胞亚群中CD34⁺、CD34⁺CD38^-细胞表达率差异有显著性意义,而CD34⁺CD38⁺细胞表达率和HLA-DR+细胞表达率差异均无显著性意义;侧群细胞和非侧群细胞相比在分化抗原表达上有异质性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

人上皮性卵巢癌细胞系侧群细胞的肿瘤干细胞样细胞生物学特性及膜蛋白差异表达的鉴定

目的 鉴定上皮性卵巢癌细胞侧群细胞(SP细胞)肿瘤干细胞样细胞生物学特性,并检测侧群细胞内差异蛋白质的表达.方法 流式分选上皮性卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3和A2780具有外泌Hochest33342染料生物学特性的侧群细胞,鉴定其肿瘤干细胞样细胞相关生物学特性.运用细胞培养稳定同位素标记(SILAC)的定量蛋白质组学技术,...     

miRNA-20a促进卵巢癌细胞OVCAR3的转移

目的 检测miRNA-20a对卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR3转移能力的影响.方法 通过实时定量RT-PCR验证反义寡核苷酸与小干扰RNA封闭与过表达的效果,然后利用MTT、软琼脂集落形成和transwell 侵袭实验检测封闭和过表达miRNA-20a对OVCAR3细胞增殖及转移能力的影响.结果 封闭内源性miRNA-20a后,细胞活性基本不受影响,但集落形成能力和细胞的转移能力明显降低.过表达miRNA-20a后,细胞活性基本不受影响,但集落形成能力和细胞的转移能力明显升高.结论 miRNA-20a可能参与了卵巢癌细胞OVCAR3的转移.     

K562细胞株侧群细胞分离及耐药蛋白和细胞周期的表达

背景：血液肿瘤细胞中的侧群细胞能够逃避细胞周期化疗药物的作用,可能与白血病复发有关。 目的：鉴定人慢性粒细胞白血病细胞株K562中是否存在侧群细胞,并观察侧群细胞亚群与非侧群细胞亚群耐药蛋白、细胞周期表达的差异。 方法：采用流式细胞术检测K562细胞株中是否存在侧群细胞;并分析K562侧群细胞和非侧群细胞两亚群间耐药蛋白P-gp、ABCG2以及细胞周期的表达情况。 结果与结论：K562细胞株中均存在侧群细胞,这群细胞比例均少。侧群细胞亚群耐药蛋白ABCG2表达高于非侧群细胞亚群(P < 0.05),两亚群耐药蛋白P-gp中表达差异无显著性意义;侧群细胞亚群中G0/G1期细胞占80%,非侧群细胞亚群中G0/G1期细胞占43.7%。证实K562细胞株中确实存在较少比例的侧群细胞,其和主群细胞在耐药蛋白表达上有异质性,大部分处于静止期,可能富含和肿瘤耐药有关的白血病干细胞。     

乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7/ADM中肿瘤干细胞的研究

目的： 通过对阿霉素耐药乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7/ADM中乳腺癌干细胞（breast cancer stem cells,BCSCs）成分分析，观察化疗耐药处理的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株是否可高效富集乳腺癌干细胞，为研究乳腺癌的发病机制提供思路。方法: MTT法分别测定阿霉素耐药乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7/ADM及其亲本细胞株MCF-7对阿霉素的IC50，计算其耐药倍数。通过细胞侧群（side population,SP）分析、球囊培养、流式细胞仪检测MCF-7/ADM及MCF-7中CD+44CD-24细胞比例三方面鉴定MCF-7/ADM和MCF-7中乳腺癌干细胞比例。结果: 阿霉素耐药乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7/ADM相对于MCF-7对阿霉素的耐药倍数为37.1；MCF-7/ADM中SP细胞比例为（9.60±0.66）%，MCF-7细胞的SP细胞比例为（0.39±0.11）%；两者球囊形成率分别为 （10.27±0.64）%和（1.03±0.15）%；两者的CD+44CD-24细胞比例分别为（64.87±3.87）%和（3.70±0.53）%,差异显著（P<0.05）。结论: 阿霉素耐药乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7/ADM中乳腺癌干细胞比例明显高于MCF-7细胞。化疗耐药处理的MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株可高效富集乳腺癌干细胞，这对于乳腺癌发病机制的研究具有重要意义。     

应用荧光原位杂交技术检测卵巢浆液性囊腺癌中ZNF217基因拷贝数

目的探讨锌指蛋白217（zinc finger protein 217，ZNF217）基因在卵巢浆液性囊腺癌中20号染色体基因拷贝数改变情况及其临床意义。方法应用荧光原位杂交技术及LSI ZNF217探针对2种卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3、HO-8910和23例卵巢浆液性囊腺癌、10例浆液性囊腺瘤及7份正常卵巢组织进行检测。结果两种卵巢癌细胞株及12例卵巢癌出现ZNF217基因扩增，浆液性囊腺瘤有1例发生了基因的扩增，其余的及正常卵巢组织未出现基因扩增，卵巢癌与卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤、正常卵巢细胞相比较，ZNF217基因拷贝数改变差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而低分化的卵巢癌比高分化发生ZNF217基因扩增的几率明显增高（P〈0．05），Ⅲ～Ⅳ期比Ⅰ期的卵巢癌ZNF217基因拷贝数明显增多（P〈0．05）。结论ZNF217基因很可能是卵巢癌发生的促进因子之一，并与卵巢癌分化及预后不良有关。     

Establishment of pancreatic cancer stem cells by flow cytometry and their biological characteristics

To investigate the method of separating human pancreatic cancer stem cells by Hoechst 33342 labeled flow cytometry and to analyze the biological properties of pancreatic cancer stem cells. The human pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3 was divided into SP and non-SP cells by flow cytometry. The number of two cell clone spheres and nude mice tumor formation rates were compared by cultivating in serum-free medium; The expression of CD133, Nestin mRNA and protein was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot; The expression of two cell drug resistance genes (MDR1, ABCG2, ABCA2 and MRP1) was analyzed by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The number of the cloned spheres in SP cells in serum-free medium was significantly higher than that of non-SP cells (P<0.05). The incidence of SP cells in the tumor of immunodeficiency nude mice was significantly higher than that of non-SP cells, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of CD133 and Nestin mRNA in SP cells was significantly higher than those of non-SP cells, and the expression of CD133 and Nestin protein in SP cells was also significantly higher than those of non-SP cells (P<0.05). In conclusion, SP side population pancreatic cancer cells by Hoechst 33342 separation have the stem cell characteristics, higher tumor formation rate and higher drug resistance, which may be related to chemotherapy resistance.     

Side populations of gastrointestinal cancers are not enriched in stem cells

The side population (SP) phenotype, defined as the reserpine-blockable ability to efflux the nucleic acid dye Hoechst 33342, has been claimed to be enriched for stem cells in several human normal tissues, cancers and cell lines, and thus may be useful for the identification and isolation of cancer stem cells. We demonstrated the presence of SP fractions in all of seven tested gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Four cell lines were selected (HT29, HGT101, Caco2 and HRA19a1.1) for detailed phenotypic and behavioural analysis with respect to stem cell characteristics. Cell surface marker analysis showed that, contrary to non-SP cells, the SPs entirely lack the expression of CD34. This difference, however, disappeared when the cells were cultured, rendering both populations CD34-positive. Expression of other putative stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, Hes-1, beta-catenin, Musashi-1, Oct-4 and CD117) was identical on SP and non-SPs before and after culturing. Sorted SP and non-SP cells were similarly clonogenic in vitro, tumourigenic in vivo, and displayed similar multipotential differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, culturing cytometrically-sorted SP and non-SP cells showed that the populations are interconvertible, each giving rise to the other. Expression of ABCG2 and Mdr-1, two membrane transporter proteins that have been suggested to be responsible for the drug-effluxing capacities of SP cells, including Hoechst 33342, was identical in non-SP and SP cells, indicating that there may be additional factors responsible for the Hoechst effluxing property in gastrointestinal cancer SP cells. Here, we show that the SP and non-SP fractions, albeit phenotypically distinct populations, do not differ with respect to stem cell-like cell number or behaviour. We thus conclude that the concept of the SP phenotype as a universal marker for stem cells does not apply to gastrointestinal cancer cells. These findings stand in contrast to the observations made in many other tissues and harbour important implications for the future search for intestinal cancer stem cell markers.     

Isolation and identification of cancer stem-like cells in esophageal carcinoma cell lines

Side population (SP) cells may play an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. We isolate and identify the cancer stem-like cells in human esophageal carcinoma (EC) cell lines, EC9706 and EC109 cells labeled with Hoechst 33342. Both the cell lines contained SP cells, and the cells that had the strongest dye efflux activity ("Tip"-SP cell) in EC9706 had higher clone formation efficiency than non-SP cells. When transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, "Tip"-SP cells showed at least 50 times higher tumorigenicity than non-SP cells. Microarray analysis discriminated a differential gene expression profile between "Tip"-SP and non-SP cells, which is further tested using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. It is ascertained that several important stem cell-related genes (including OCT-4, SOX-2, BMI-1, and ZFX), two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes (ABCG2 and ABCA5), and three Wnt and two Notch signal pathway-related genes (such as FZD10, PTGS2, KLF5, TTK, and RBM15) were upregulated in "Tip"-SP cells. Western blot showed a higher expression of beta-catenin protein in "Tip"-SP cells. All these indicated that the minority population described as "Tip"-SP cells possessed cancer stem cell character. Further understanding of tumor stem cell-specific traits will offer insights on the early stages of tumorigenesis for prevention and enhanced selectivity of antitumor therapeutics.     

MAGE-A3 is highly expressed in a cancer stem cell-like side population of bladder cancer cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the abilities of tumor-initiating, self-renewal and differentiation, are thought to cause post-therapeutic recurrence and the progression of cancer. However, CSCs are commonly resistant to current cancer therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study, we isolated cancer stem celllike side population (SP) cells from human bladder cancer cell line SW780 by a flow cytometry-based SP technique. SP cells were only about 3.6% of SW780 cells and showed higher expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) and CD133. In vitro assay of tumor sphere growth as well as in vivo assay of xenograft transplantation confirmed the higher tumorigenicity of isolated SP cells. These data indicated that SP cells were enriched with CSCs of bladder cancer. Furthermore, we determined the expression of melanoma antigen family A, 3 (MAGEA3), one of the most studied cancer testis (CT) antigens, in these SP and main population (MP) cells derived from SW780 cells. SW780 SP cells representing CSCs of bladder cancer showed an up-regulated expression of MAGE-A3 and a positive coexpression of MAGE-A3 and CD133, indicating that MAGE-A3 was a novel CT antigen preferentially expressed in the CSCs of bladder cancer. In summary, our findings confirmed the existence of cancer stem cell-like SP cells in bladder cancer cells, and further indicated that MAGE-A3 is a novel CSC antigen and therefore may serve as an immunotherapeutic target for CSCs of bladder cancer.     

Characterisation of Human Limbal Side Population Cells Isolated Using an Optimised Protocol From an Immortalised Epithelial Cell Line and Primary Limbal Cultures

The challenges in limbal stem cell biology largely remain in the process of identification, isolation and expansion of these adult corneal epithelial stem cells of the eye. Due to the absence of specific limbal stem cell markers, identification and isolation of putative limbal stem cells is a complicated task. The side population assay is an isolation method that utilises the ability of stem cells to efflux the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 (or other vital dyes) combined with dual wavelength flow cytometry and is a valuable strategy to enrich for limbal stem cells. This assay has been used to successfully identify stem/ progenitor cell populations in a variety of tissues and cell lines. Here we optimise this assay to identify SP cell populations in both primary human limbal epithelial cultures and in an established human corneal epithelial cell line. The limbal SP fraction showed higher expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), ΔNp63—a common limbal stem cell marker and the stem cell marker Sox2 compared to non-SP cells (NSP).     

Limbal epithelial side-population cells have stem cell-like properties, including quiescent state

Corneal epithelial (CE) stem cells are believed to reside in the basal layer of the limbal epithelium but remain poorly understood due to the lack of an accepted in vivo reconstitution assay as well as definitive markers for epithelial stem cells. It has been reported that side-population (SP) cells with the ability to efflux the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 have stem cell-like properties and that the SP phenotype accurately represents a quiescent and immature stem cell population in the adult bone marrow. In the present study, we investigated whether SP cells isolated from the limbal epithelium have stem cell-like properties. SP cells, separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, comprise approximately 0.4% of all limbal epithelial cells and have markedly higher expression of the stem cell markers ABCG2, Bmi-1, and nestin but no expression of markers for differentiated CE cells compared with non-SP cells. Cell-cycle and telomerase activity analyses revealed that SP cells are growth arrested and reside in the quiescent state. Moreover, limbal epithelial SP cells did not demonstrate proliferative capabilities under typical in vitro epithelial cell culture conditions using 3T3 feeder layers. These findings present the possibility that quiescent limbal epithelial SP cells may represent an extremely immature stem cell population compared with currently defined epithelial stem or progenitor cells.     

人淋巴瘤Raji细胞系中的边缘细胞：淋巴瘤干细胞存在之可能

背景：已有研究提示急性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤中肿瘤干细胞富集于SP细胞中,且免疫表型及生物学特性相比于主群细胞存在明显的异质性。而关于淋巴瘤淋巴瘤干细胞的研究报道甚少。 目的：检测人淋巴瘤Raji细胞系中是否存在SP细胞,分选该群细胞后观察其与非SP细胞在分化抗原和P-糖蛋白表达以及细胞周期方面的差异,探讨淋巴瘤干细胞存在的可能性。 方法：Hoechst-33342染色细胞后运用带紫外激发光的流式细胞仪进行Raji细胞系SP细胞的检测及分选。观察不同质量浓度维拉帕米对SP细胞抑制的程度,选择最佳抑制浓度。分选后分别检测SP和非SP细胞P-糖蛋白、分化抗原CD34,CD19,CD20,CD5表达以及细胞周期,并进行对比。 结果与结论：Raji细胞系中存在SP细胞,比例在2%左右,当维拉帕米质量浓度为50 mg/L时能被完全抑制。SP和非SP细胞CD20阳性表达率分别为18.2%和93.6%,CD5阳性表达率分别为78.0%和22.2%;P-糖蛋白表达差异无显著性意义,但SP中阳性细胞的平均荧光强度强于非SP细胞。提示Raji细胞系中SP与非SP细胞在分化程度、多药耐药性方面具有明显的差异,SP细胞是具有明显“异质性”的细胞亚群。据此可初步推测,Raji细胞系的构成也类似肿瘤干细胞分级组成模式,而淋巴瘤干细胞则有可能富集于SP亚群中。