假性胰腺囊肿的外科手术治疗

目的对假性胰腺囊肿的外科手术治疗方式和效果进行评价。方法回顾性分析了我院1990年1月至2003年10月68例假性胰腺囊肿行手术治疗的方式、效果及并发症。结果行外科手术治疗的病人人数占同期假性胰腺囊肿治疗病人的48．9％(68／139)。手术方式包括：外引流术9例，死亡率11．1％(1／9)；囊肿胃吻合20例，术后消化道出血的发生率为35％(7／20)，死亡率5％(1／20)；囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合23例，术后消化道出血的发生率为13％(3／23)，死亡率4．3％o(1/23)；假性囊肿切除14例；囊肿十二指肠吻合1例；胰十二指肠切除1例。结论虽然目前假性胰腺囊肿的治疗可有多种选择，但仍有许多病人需要外科手术治疗。手术治疗应尽可能行内引流术，其中囊肿胃吻合术是一种简单合理的内引流术式，应作为首先。对于难以排除恶性的假性囊肿，应尽量手术切除。     

胰腺假性囊肿41例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的诊断及外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析行手术治疗的41例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术7例（17．1％）,单纯囊肿切除10例（24．4％）,囊肿及胰尾部切除＋脾切除术3例（7．3％）,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合18例（43．9％）,囊肿胃吻合3例（7．3％）。结果术后发生并发症8例（19．5％）,1例囊肿胃吻合术患者术后2d出现消化道出血,经非手术治疗而痊愈出院;2例患者（单纯囊肿外引流术1例,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合1例）早期出现不全性肠梗阻,经过保守治疗出院;2例单纯囊肿外引流术患者术后出现胰瘘,1例胰瘘经保守治疗治愈,另外1例因长期胰瘘而再行瘘管空肠吻合术而治愈;1例囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后出现逆行感染,经抗炎保守治疗后病情缓解;全组切口感染2例,1例保守换药,另1例换药后行二期缝合均获痊愈。无手术死亡病例。随访37例,时间6个月～5年,平均（3．3±1．9）年,2例单纯囊肿切除术患者于术后1年复发,经保守治疗症状缓解。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗渡过急性期后,应根据需要采取个体化的外科治疗方案。     

胰腺假性囊肿的治疗研究

目的评价胰腺假性囊肿不同治疗方式的效果。方法对1990年1月至2003年4月收治的128例胰腺假性囊肿不同处理方式的效果及并发症进行回顾性分析。结果128例患者中30例未行手术治疗,其中3例失访,27例在随访期间囊肿自行吸收。B超引导下经皮置管引流组22例,有效率60%。外科手术治疗76例,死亡率5.3%(4/76),手术方式包括:外引流10例,死亡率20%(2/10);囊肿胃吻合术14例,术后消化道出血的发生率为42.9%(6/14),死亡率7.1%(1/14);囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术28例,术后消化道出血的发生率10.7%(3/28),死亡率0%;囊肿十二指肠吻合术3例,死亡率33.3%(1/3);假性囊肿切除术21例。结论B超引导下经皮置管引流创伤小,操作相对简单,但尚未能完全取代传统手术。囊肿胃吻合术后消化道出血的发生率高于囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。对于怀疑为真性囊肿或囊腺癌者,应尽量手术切除。     

胰腺假性囊肿43例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析43例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术8例(18.6%),单纯囊肿切除10例(23.3%),囊肿切除、胰尾部+脾切除术3例(7.0%),囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合19例(44.2%),囊肿胃吻合3例(7.0%)。结果术后发生并发症6例:1例囊肿胃吻合患者术后出现消化道出血,2例单纯囊肿外引流患者发生胰漏,1例囊肿空肠吻合者术后发生逆行感染,切口感染2例。随访37例,复发急性胰腺炎1例。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗度过急性期后,应根据病情选择合适的术式治疗。     

巨大胰腺假性囊肿外科内引流术式的选择

目的探讨巨大胰腺假性囊肿内引流术治疗的术式选择。方法回顾性分析收治且行囊肿内引流的13例巨大胰腺假性囊肿(长径15 cm)的临床资料。结果均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的6例,其中术后囊肿感染2例。囊肿胃吻合术3例,术后囊肿感染2例,消化道出血1例,其中2例需二次干预。囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术4例,其中囊肿胃一期内、外引流术2例,术后1例囊肿感染,非手术治疗后痊愈;囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y一期内、外引流术2例,无术后并发症。全组无死亡病例。结论对部分巨大胰腺假性囊肿,囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术可能更为合适。对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的巨大胰腺假性囊肿,建议行囊肿胃一期内、外引流术。     

胰腺假性囊肿内引流术式的研究

目的：探讨胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的术式选择。
方法：回顾性分析13余年收治且行囊肿内引流治疗的胰腺假性囊肿62例的临床资料,着重探讨手术方法以及效果。
结果：全组均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的31例,术后囊肿感染发生率为9.7%（3/31）,消化道出血发生率为3.2%（1/31）,无死亡病例。行囊肿胃吻合术的16例,术后囊肿感染发生率为12.5%（2/16）,消化道出血发生率为37.5%（6/16）,病死率为6.25%（1/16）。行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术的15例,术后囊肿感染发生率为6.7%（1/15）,消化道出血发生率为13.3%（2/15）,无死亡者。
结论：囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术是安全有效的术式;对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的囊肿,建议行序贯式囊肿外、内引流术。     

胰腺假性囊肿的外科治疗体会

回顾性分析5年余收治的25例胰腺假性囊肿的病例资料。行囊肿空肠吻合术7例，囊肿胃吻合术1例，单纯囊肿外引流术9例，内引流+外引流术2例，外引流+脾切除术1例，外引流+半胃切除+胃空肠吻合术1例，囊肿切除术1例，经皮穿刺置管引流术1例，非手术治疗2例。外引流术后1例因胰瘘而再行瘘管空肠吻合术，1例因胰瘘而再行瘘管切除术，1例囊肿胃吻合术后并发消化道出血经非手术治疗而愈，其余病例术后均痊愈。提示胰腺假性囊肿应根据不同情况选择不同的治疗方式，大多能治愈。     

小儿胰腺假性囊肿36例诊疗体会

目的探讨小儿胰腺假性囊肿的临床特点及诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析本院近5年来收治的36例胰腺假性囊肿患儿的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、临床症状、治疗方式、治疗效果及有无并发症及复发等。结果男24例,女12例,年龄2岁5个月至12岁9个月,平均8岁2个月。保守治疗15例,其中1例术中发现为胆总管囊肿合并胰腺假性囊肿,行胆总管囊肿切除+空肠肝总管Roux-en-Y吻合术,胰腺假性囊肿保守治疗治愈,6例保守治疗效果不明显择期行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;直接行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术14例;囊肿外引流术6例;多发性囊肿1例行部分囊肿摘除+囊肿外引流术1例,所有病例均治愈,术后随访半年至两年未见复发。结论该病的治疗方法较多,应根据病程长短、囊肿大小、部位、与临近器官的关系及有无并发症采取个体化治疗。     

胰腺假性囊肿48例报告

目的 总结胰腺假性囊肿的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2012年12月收治的48例胰腺假性囊肿的临床资料.结果 非手术治疗8例,在随访期间均能自行吸收;手术治疗40例:包括胰腺假性囊肿胃吻合11例,术后有1例出现吻合口出血;囊肿十二指肠吻合1例;囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合23例,术后有2例出现吻合口出血;胰腺假性囊肿外引流术3例,术后有1例出现胰瘘;胰腺假性囊肿切除术2例,术后有1例出现胰瘘.结论 胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方法已趋于多样化,应根据患者的具体病情来选择适宜的治疗方式;手术治疗中囊肿内引流术仍是主要术式,根据囊肿的具体情况选择不同的吻合方式.     

胰腺假性囊肿治疗方式的临床分析

目的对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式和临床效果进行分析。方法对2002年1月至2008年6月收治的42例胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式、效果、并发症进行回顾性分析。结果非手术治疗4例,在随访期间均能自行吸收;手术治疗38例:包括胰腺假性囊肿-胃吻合9例,术后有1例出现吻合口出血;囊肿-十二指肠吻合2例;囊肿-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合21例,术后有2例出现吻合口出血;腹腔镜囊肿-胃内引流术1例;胰腺假性囊肿外引流术2例,术后有1例出现胰瘘;胰腺假性囊肿切除术3例,术后有1例出现胰漏。结论胰腺假性囊肿的治疗已趋于多样化,需根据患者的具体病情来选择不同的治疗方式;手术治疗中囊肿内引流术仍是主要术式,根据囊肿的具体情况选择不同的吻合方式;其中腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术,安全微创,疗效确切,值得推广。     

Are cystgastrostomy and cystjejunostomy equivalent operations for pancreatic pseudocysts?

To compare the effectiveness of cystgastrostomy and cystjejunostomy for treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts, 39 patients with cystgastrostomy were compared to 59 patients with cystjejunostomy. The groups were comparable in age, sex, cause of pancreatitis, pseudocyst location, symptoms, and preoperative serum amylase level. Cysts treated with cystgastrostomy were larger (mean diameter, 11.1 +/- 0.9 cm) than cysts treated by cystjejunostomy (mean diameter, 6.7 +/- 0.7 cm) (p less than 0.05). Mean duration of surgery was 148 +/- 11 minutes for cystgastrostomy versus 265 +/- 15 minutes for cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05). Mean blood loss was 397 +/- 82 ml for cystgastrostomy versus 703 +/- 80 ml for cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05) Mean intraoperative fluid requirements were 2640 +/- 313 ml for cystgastrostomy and 4403 +/- 362 ml for cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05). Cyst recurrence was 10% for cystgastrostomy versus 7% for cystgastrostomy. Postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 8% of patients with cystgastrostomy and in 2% of patients with cystjejunostomy. Infection problems with cystjejunostomy included two wound infections and one case of septicemia; infection problems with cystjejunostomy included five intraabdominal abscesses, two wound infections, and one case of pneumonia. Two patients died with cystgastrostomy (both from gastrointestinal bleeding); two patients died with cystjejunostomy (one from intraabdominal sepsis and one from pulmonary embolus). Cystgastrostomy was used for significantly larger pseudocysts and was associated with significantly less blood loss and operating time than cystjejunostomy (p less than 0.05). Morbidity and mortality from cystgastrostomy and cystjejunostomy were comparable, although gastrointestinal bleeding was more common with cystgastrostomy and intraabdominal abscess was more common with cystjejunostomy. Since cystgastrostomy can usually be performed more quickly and with less blood loss, it should be considered whenever anatomically feasible.     

Management of pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: This review analyses the outcome for patients with acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts managed in two major referral centres. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 1997, 33 patients were treated with either acute (n = 19) or chronic (n = 14) pseudocysts. Procedures performed included cystgastrostomy (64%), cystduodenostomy (6%), cystjejunostomy (3%), distal pancreatectomy with resection of pseudocyst (12%), laparotomy with external drainage (9%), endoscopic transpapillary stenting (3%) and endoscopic pancreatic duct sphincterotomy with percutaneous drainage of the pseudocyst (3%). RESULTS: All patients had resolution of their pseudocyst and no patient developed recurrence. There were no deaths in this series. There was a 9% incidence of major complications and a 21% incidence of minor complications. Outcome was excellent in 63% and good in 27% of patients. Two patients (6%) had persistent chronic pain and one patient (3%) had evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality provided patients are carefully selected and their medical management is optimized. Although minimally invasive techniques now offer a variety of treatment options, open surgical drainage is still indicated for a significant number of cases.     

Management of pancreatic pseudocysts

Between 1969 and 1987, 68 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were treated. The median cyst size was 10 cm (range 2-25 cm). Nine patients were managed conservatively with resolution of the pseudocyst occurring in eight patients. These patients had significantly smaller (median 4 cm) cysts compared with those in both percutaneously and surgically treated patients (P less than 0.01). In 22 patients the pseudocysts (median 9 cm) were punctured percutaneously under ultrasound guidance and the cyst fluid was aspirated or drained through a catheter. Complete resolution occurred in 13 patients after 1-4 (mean 1.8) punctures per patient, regression occurred in six patients after 1-4 (mean 2.0) puncture procedures per patient and three were unchanged. No complications were noted, except that two patients treated percutaneously required additional surgery. Thirty-seven patients were managed surgically (median cyst size 11 cm) with external drainage (12 patients), cystgastrostomy (17 patients), cystduodenostomy (three patients) cystjejunostomy (three patients) and pancreatic resection (two patients). Resolution of the cyst was noted in 29 patients, regression in five and three were unchanged. Five patients required additional surgery. Twelve complications were seen in ten patients (27 per cent), most frequently after external drainage. One patient died after surgical treatment. Mean hospital stay was 13 days among patients treated conservatively and 30 days in both percutaneously and surgically treated patients. Aspiration or catheter drainage of pseudocyst fluid guided by ultrasonography seems a safe and effective treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and should be considered as initial therapy. If surgery is required cystgastrostomy is preferred.     

Changing concepts in the surgical management of pancreatic pseudocysts.

A 27-year experience in the surgical management of 160 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts was reviewed. Sixty-eight patients treated from 1964 to 1981 (Group I) were compared to 92 patients managed from 1982 to 1990 (Group II). During the recent period, computed tomography (CT) scanning, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), selective visceral angiography, and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) techniques were available. The mean age of patients was similar in both groups (45 vs 44 years). Most pseudocysts in both periods represented complications of chronic pancreatitis due to alcohol abuse (82% vs 87%). Pancreatitis-associated complications occurring before management (fistula, obstruction, hemorrhage) were more frequent in Group II (19% vs 40%, P less than .05). There was a significant increase in the number of patients managed with external drainage in Group II (10% vs 52%) attributable to the use of PCD as definitive therapy in 46 per cent of patients in the recent period. Use of internal drainage procedures (cystgastrostomy, cystduodenostomy, cystjejunostomy) decreased in Group II (38% vs 16%, P less than .05). The use of lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) combined either with caudal resection or cyst drainage has remained constant in both periods (32% vs 24%, NS). Patient morbidity was similar (26% vs 28%, NS) and mortality improved in Group II (9% vs 1%, P less than .05). Internal or external drainage for pseudocyst is often not definitive because of the underlying ductal disease. The authors' current approach is to manage large symptomatic cysts either with internal drainage or PCD; they employ octreotide acetate in the management of persistent pancreatic fistula following external drainage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

CT引导下经皮穿刺引流术治疗重症急性胰腺炎坏死组织感染

目的探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺引流术在治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）合并胰腺坏死组织感染中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析41例SAP合并胰腺坏死组织感染患者的临床资料。对所有患者均进行CT引导下经皮穿刺引流胰腺感染坏死组织治疗,3天后评价引流效果,无明显改善则转为开腹手术引流。结果 CT引导下经皮穿刺引流治愈22例（22/41,53.66%）,穿刺引流后一次性开腹手术成功治愈18例（18/19,94.74%）,穿刺引流后二次开腹手术成功1例（1/19,5.26%）,穿刺后近期并发症发病率为21.95%（9/41）;残余脓肿的清除率100%,远期并发症发病率为2.44%（1/41）。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺引流术能有效减少开腹手术引流,并提高开腹手术引流成功率,减少并发症。     

非胰腺手术后胰腺假性囊肿的治疗

目的探讨非胰腺手术后胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方法。方法对近11年来治疗的28例非胰腺手术后胰腺假性囊肿进行回顾性临床分析。结果保守治疗4例。B超引导下经皮多次穿刺10例(其中穿刺后置管外引流3例)。手术行外引流6例,内引流8例。1例外引流无效后,改行内引流。28例均痊愈出院。结论手术后胰腺假性囊肿应采用个体化的治疗原则,早期应采取保守治疗、穿刺抽液或外引流,内引流可作为治疗的最后选择。