肝硬化患者血浆、腹水中ANP、ALD水平分析

本文应用放射免疫测定法检测了36例肝硬化患者血浆心钠素(ANP),醛固酮(ALD)及腹水中ANP、ALD含量,并设ANP正常人对照组。结果表明:肝硬化患者血浆ANP含量明显高于正常对照组(P均<0.001)。其中肝硬化无腹水组明显高于腹水组(P均<0.01)。肝硬化腹水组血浆ANP、ALD含量均明显高于腹水中ANP、ALD含量(P均<0.01)。本文结果提示:肝硬化腹水形成与ANP、ALD有一定关系,推测ANP可用于治疗肝硬化腹水。根据腹水中测到一定浓度ANP、ALD推测:肝性腹水,不仅口服抗醛固酮药物,应注意静脉及腹腔内抗醛固酮治疗。     

心钠素与肝硬化

心钠素是由心房分泌的激素。它具有强大的利尿、利钠、扩血管及对抗肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮的作用。肝硬化患者血浆心钠素水平明显增高,有腹水的患者增高更加明显。心钠素与肝硬化腹水的关系有待进一步阐明。临床应用心钠素治疗肝硬化腹水效果明显。     

肝硬化顽固性腹水病人血浆心钠素水平变化

作者应用放免方法测定8例肝硬化顽固性腹水病人血浆心钠素水平变化,并对心钠素水平与尿钠关系进行初步分析。结果表明,①肝硬化顽固性腹水组(RA)血浆心钠素水平(99±48pg/ml)与正常对照组(102±40pg/ml)比较虽无明显差异(q=0.2,P>0.05),但较肝硬化非顽固性腹水组(NRA,176±32pg/ml)已有显著降低(q=5.1,P<0.01)。②NRA组尿钠与血浆心钠素水平呈明显正相关(r=0.67,P<0.05),但于RA组则否,二者无明显相关(r=-0.11,P>0.05)。提示,肝硬化晚期血浆心钠素水平降低及利钠效应衰败可能系顽固性腹水形成的一个重要因素。     

晚期血吸虫病患者血浆心钠素检测的意义及与中医辩证分型…

本文应用放射免疫分析法检测３３例晚期血吸虫病患者血浆心钠素含量。结果晚期血吸虫病患者中，巨脾型患者血浆心钠素含量显著高于腹水型及健康人。单纯血瘀气滞型患者血浆心钠素含量显著高于血瘀气滞偏阳虚型和血瘀气滞偏阴虚型。表明：心钠素在晚期血吸虫病患者水，钠代谢中起一定作用，血浆心钠素含量与晚期血吸虫病中医辩证分型有一定关系。     

慢性心力衰竭患者心钠素、脑钠素浓度改变及卡维地洛对其影响

目的观察慢性心力衰竭患者心钠素、脑钠素浓度改变及卡维地洛对其影响.方法选择观察组慢性心力衰竭患者42例和对照组20例,采用放射免疫法测定治疗前后血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度;彩色超声心动图测定左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径;临床慢性心力衰竭采用NYHA心功能分级;将观察组随机分为常规治疗者21例和加用卡维地洛治疗者21例,满2周复查心钠素和脑钠素;满3个月复查彩色超声心动图.结果观察组血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度均高于对照组(P均＜0.001);临床慢性心力衰竭程度越重,血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度越高(P均＜0.001);卡维地洛治疗者与常规治疗者治疗满2周后均有血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度下降,卡维地洛治疗者血浆心钠素、脑钠素浓度下降更明显(P＜0.05);而满3个月时卡维地洛治疗者左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径均比常规治疗者明显改善(P均＜0.05).结论心钠素、脑钠素浓度可以反映心功能状态;卡维地洛可以降低心钠素、脑钠素浓度及改善心脏重构及心功能.     

肝硬化大量放腹水前后血浆肾素活性、醛固酮及心钠素的变化

肝硬化大量放腹水前后血浆肾素活性、醛固酮及心钠素的变化陈文生，周子成，刘为纹大量放腹水（ＬＶＰ）治疗肝硬化腹水尚存争议。我们观察１７例肝硬化腹水病人单次ＬＶＰ前后血浆肾素活性（ＰＲＡ）、醛固酮（ＡＬ０）、心钠素（ＡＮｎ及肾功能的动态变化，以评价其近期...     

肝癌、肝硬化病人血浆、腹水中ANP、RA、AT-Ⅱ、ALD浓度测定的临床意义

本文报道28例肝癌腹水(其中15例有门脉血栓)、37例肝硬化腹水。25例肝硬化无腹水病人,血浆、腹水中心钠素(ANP)、肾素(RA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT—Ⅱ)、醛固酮(ALD)的浓度测定。腹水组比无腹水组的血浓度降低(P<0.05～0.01);肝癌腹水组比肝硬化腹水组血浆中浓度降低,腹水中浓度升高,P均<0.05～0.01;有门脉血栓肝癌组比无门脉血栓肝癌组血浆中浓度降低,腹水中浓度升高,P均<0.05～0.01。     

肝硬化患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮水平及与肾功能状态的关系

测定不同阶段肝硬化患者血浆的NO、ET水平，探索它们对肝硬化腹水形成和肾功能损害所起的作用及其相互关系。测血浆NO的代谢产物NO2^-浓度（Griess法），ET-1浓度（放免法）及肾功能。1.血浆NO浓度在肝硬化各组均明显高于正常对照组，在肾衰组明显高于有腹水、无肾衰组。血浆ET浓度在肝硬化各组均明显高于正常对照组，肾衰组明显高于有腹水、无肾衰组。2.肝硬化患者血浆ET浓度与血肌酐呈正相关，与肌酐清除率、血钠、尿钠呈负相关。3.肝硬化患者血浆NO与ET水平呈正相关。血浆NO和ET升高可能在肝硬化病程进展中起了重要作用，是形成腹水和引起肾功损害的重要因素，二者相互依赖、相互影响的协同作用是肝硬化进展及出现并发症的重要机制之一。     

晚期血吸虫病患者血浆心钠素检测的意义及与中医辨证分型的关系

本文应用放射免疫分析法检测33例晚期血吸虫病患者血浆心钠素含量。结果晚期血吸虫病患者中,巨脾型患者血浆心钠素含量显著高于腹水型及健康人。单纯血瘀气滞型患者血浆心钠素含量显著高于血瘀气滞偏阳虚型和血瘀气滞偏阴虚型。表明:心钠素在晚期血吸虫病患者水,钠代谢中起一定作用。血浆心钠素含量与晚期血吸虫病中医辨证分型有一定关系。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术患者血浆心钠素和血管加压素水平的改变

选择１６例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者进行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术。术后心功能改善Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。术前，左右心房血浆心钠素水平明显高于外周静脉。研究发现，心房心钠素分泌增加可分为两型：右房分泌为主型者（ｎ＝５）；左房分泌为主型者（ｎ＝１１）。前一型的左心房平均压和右心房平均压均明显高于后一型。两型的外周血浆心钠素水平均无显著差异。术后５ｍｉｎ、２０ｍｉｎ、１ｈ、２４ｈ等时点，左右心腔和外周血浆心钠素水平均较术前显著下降。１６例患者术后２０ｍｉｎ时的左心腔血浆心钠素水平的降低幅度与二尖瓣跨瓣压差降低幅度显著相关（ｒ＝０．５０２，Ｐ＜０．０５）。术后血管加压素水平也显著下降，术后２４ｈ下降达７７．９±２．９％。这提示，成功地经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术可使风湿性心脏病患者血浆心钠素和血管加压素水平显著下降。     

Effects of autogenous reinfusion of ascitic fluid on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and renin activity in cirrhotic patients]

Acute volume loading produced by autogenous reinfusion of ascitic fluid provides an ideal volume expansion model for studying hormonal regulation and it was carried out in 10 cirrhotic patients with massive ascites. The basal plasma ANP level in the cirrhotic patients with ascites was 1776.00 +/- 160.72 ng/L, which was significantly elevated as compared with the level in normal controls (378.36 +/- 39.58 ng/L, P less than 0.01), PRA was significantly higher in patients with ascites (5.13 +/- 0.18 micrograms/l/h) than in healthy volunteers (1.46 +/- 0.31 micrograms/l/h, P less than 0.01). During reinfusion of ascitic fluid there was a significant natriuresis and diuresis; ANP rose from a basal mean value to a peak value of 2166.00 +/- 195.70 ng/l (P less than 0.05) at periinfusion. Subsequently, ANP dropped at 1 hour after infusion (1819.00 +/- 165.92ng/L, P less than 0.05), PRA dropped progressively from a mean basal level to that of 2.48 +/- 0.58 micrograms/l/h (P less than 0.05) at periinfusion. These data demonstrate that there is no evidence for absolute deficiency of ANP in cirrhosis with ascites. The immediate diuresis and natriuresis were associated with a rise in ANP, but the sustained renal consequences may be possibly connected with suppression of RAAS.     

肝硬化患者的内毒素和脂多糖结合蛋白水平及其与预后的关系

背景脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)是介导脂多糖(LPS)活化单核/巨噬细胞的关键因子。尽管内毒素在慢性肝病和肝硬化中具有重要作用,但其结合蛋白在肝硬化中的意义尚不清楚。目的了解肝硬化患者的内毒素和LBP水平,并探讨其与预后的关系。方法分别以基质显色法鲎试验和酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测肝硬化患者的血浆内毒素和LBP水平;伴腹水患者同时测定腹水内毒素和LBP水平,并进行2个月的短期随访,记录存活情况。结果肝硬化患者的血浆内毒素和LBP水平均显著高于健康对照者(P<0.05),其中伴腹水患者的血浆内毒素水平显著高于无腹水患者(P<0.05)。Child鄄PughC级肝硬化伴腹水患者的腹水内毒素水平显著高于B级患者(P<0.05),而B级患者的血浆LBP水平显著高于C级患者(P<0.05)。短期随访显示肝硬化伴腹水死亡患者的腹水内毒素水平显著高于存活者(P<0.05)。结论肝硬化患者的血浆内毒素和LBP水平均升高,LBP水平升高可能是对肝硬化肠源性内毒素血症的一种持续的慢性炎症应答。腹水内毒素水平可以作为肝硬化伴腹水患者短期生存的一个预测指标。     

癌相关抗原125对慢性肝病合并腹水的诊断价值

检测慢性肝病合并腹水形成患者血浆及腹水中CA12 5水平 ,探讨其临床意义。采用ELISA法检测 141例慢性肝病患者血浆CA12 5值 ,对 40例合并腹水的慢性肝病同时测腹水CA12 5值。结果显示 ( 1)慢性肝病合并腹水形成者血浆CA12 5值显著高于无腹水形成者 (P <0 0 1) ;( 2 )腹水中CA12 5值显著高于血浆中值 (P <0 0 1) ,且二者呈正相关 (r=0 965 ,P <0 0 1) ;( 3 )大量放腹水后 ,血浆中及腹水中CA12 5值显著下降 ,且腹水CA12 5值下降的幅度大于血浆CA12 5值下降的幅度 (P <0 0 1)。提示CA12 5是诊断慢性肝病合并腹水形成的一项敏感指标     

血浆精氨酸加压素,心钠素在血液透析中动态变化及意义

采用放射免疫法对１６例终末期肾衰（ＥＳＲＦ）患者血浆精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）、心钠素（ＡＮＰ）水平进行观察。研究发现ＥＳＲＦ患者血浆ＡＶＰ和ＡＮＰ水平明显增高。血透后血压正常组病例ＡＶＰ降至正常，但高血压组血浆ＡＶＰ水平逐渐升高，且与血钠浓度升高密切相关，可能与该组患者对钠浓度改变处于高敏状态有关。透析后两组患者血浆ＡＮＰ水平明显下降，并与超滤脱水有关。因此，测定ＡＶＰ，ＡＮＰ水平可作为推测透析患者体内水、钠负荷状态，制定个体化透析的灵敏指标。     

Bactericidal and opsonic activity of ascitic fluid from cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients

Cirrhotic patients with ascites are highly susceptible to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Patients with ascites due to causes other than cirrhosis very seldom develop peritonitis. The antibacterial activity of these ascitic fluids is not known. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the bactericidal and opsonic activity in ascitic fluid from patients with and without cirrhosis and in normal (nonascitic) peritoneal fluid. Normal peritoneal fluids of 20 control subjects and ascitic fluids of 22 patients with noncirrhotic ascites all had normal bactericidal activity. The bactericidal activity of ascitic fluid was diminished in all 25 patients with cirrhosis (P less than 0.00005 by Fisher's exact test). Similar results were found when opsonic activity was evaluated. Complement and immunoglobulin concentrations in cirrhotic ascites were significantly lower than those in the other two groups. The present study demonstrates that noncirrhotic ascitic fluid has antibacterial activity similar to normal peritoneal fluid, whereas cirrhotic ascitic fluid has a marked reduction of both bactericidal and opsonic activities. These defects may explain the high incidence of peritonitis in cirrhotic patients.     

Impaired functions of normal peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes in cirrhotic ascitic fluid.

The function of normal polymorphonuclear cells in the ascitic fluid of 32 patients with cirrhotic ascites and 17 patients with malignant ascites was studied independently of ascitic fluid heat-labile factors. Polymorphonuclear (PMN) function was assessed by a chemiluminescence method using preopsonized zymosan as stimuli. The chemiluminescence response was higher in malignant ascitic fluid than in cirrhotic ascitic fluid (0.84 and 0.15, respectively, p < 0.001). These results were confirmed by a microbiological assessment of phagocytosis. Suppressive factors were evidenced by making ascitic fluid dilutions and using cell-free chemiluminescence measurements. Addition of malignant ascitic fluid to cirrhotic ascitic fluid showed that there is also a deficiency in supportive factors other than C3. The impaired PMN production of oxidative metabolites we observed in cirrhotic ascitic fluid can partly explain the high susceptibility of cirrhotic patients to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis independently of C3 levels.     

Atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity, plasma volume, systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output in patients with cirrhosis

The present study aimed to assess relationships between plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and plasma volume, systemic vascular resistances, cardiac output and plasma renin activity in patients with cirrhosis. Thirty patients were included: eight with no history of liver disease were used as controls; 22 patients had biopsy-proven alcoholic cirrhosis without ascites (n = 11) and with ascites (n = 11). Mean ANP plasma level was significantly higher in both groups of cirrhotic patients than in controls (P less than 0.05). In the control group, ANP and plasma renin activity were inversely correlated (P less than 0.05) but no correlation was found in cirrhotic patients. In the group of patients with ascites, ANP plasma levels were inversely correlated to plasma volume (P less than 0.05) and to cardiac output (P less than 0.01) and directly correlated to systemic vascular resistances (P less than 0.01). Using multiple regression analysis, ANP remained correlated only with systemic vascular resistances (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that cirrhotic patients have high plasma levels of ANP whether or not they have ascites. In the light of current knowledge of ANP actions, the relationships between ANP plasma levels and plasma volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistances are paradoxical in cirrhotic patients with ascites. ANP does not seem to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sodium and water retention observed in these patients.     

Cardiac ascites: a characterization

In a prospective study, there were 13 patients with cardiac ascites among a group of 262 ascites patients (5% of the total). I compared the characteristics of 20 ascitic fluid samples from these patients with heart failure to those of 20 patients with cirrhotic ascites. The serum-ascites albumin concentration gradient was greater than or equal to 1.1 g/dl in all patients in both groups. The ascitic fluid total protein concentration was greater than or equal to 2.5 g/dl in all patients with cardiac ascites whereas only 10% of patients with cirrhotic ascites had such high values. The ascitic fluid lactate dehydrogenase and red cell counts were significantly higher in cardiac ascites than in cirrhotic ascites--although cardiac ascites was not visibly bloody. The peripheral hematocrit of patients with cardiac ascites was also significantly higher than that of patients with cirrhotic ascites. The ascitic fluid analysis in patients with cardiac ascites is characteristic and may assist in the differential diagnosis of ascites.     

Dynamics of albumin in plasma and ascitic fluid in patients with cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determine dynamics of albumin in plasma and ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Forty-seven patients were classified in four groups: I--patients without fluid retention; II--patients with ascites not resistant to subsequent diuretic treatment; III--recompensated patients during diuretic treatment; and IV--patients with diuretic-resistant ascites. Transvascular and transperitoneal albumin transports were quantified by 131I-/125I-labelled human albumin. RESULTS: TER(P) (i.e. the fraction of intravascular albumin (IVM) passing from plasma into the interstitial space per hour) was increased in all groups. In group IV patients the transport rate of albumin from plasma into the ascitic fluid (TER(PA)) was significantly higher than the transport rate from the ascitic fluid back into the plasma: TER(AP) (0.45 vs. 0.26% IVM/h, P < 0.002). In group II patients TER(PA) was similar to TER(AP) (0.27 vs. 0.25% IVM/h, ns). A direct correlation was found between TER(PA) and TER(AP) in both groups of patients (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In non-resistant ascites, there is a steady state between the transport of albumin into the peritoneal cavity and back into the plasma, but in resistant ascites the former transport is elevated. Thus, local factors may be important to treatment of ascites.     

心钠素和精氨酸加压素对血液透析患者高血压的影响

采用放射免疫学方法测定血液透析患者和正常人血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）及精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）的浓度。结果：慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）患者血浆ＡＮＰ和ＡＶＰ水平明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血透后血压正常组随着透析、超滤，血浆ＡＮＰ和ＡＶＰ浓度下降，但高血压组ＡＶＰ水平明显增高，并与血压上升、血钠改变呈显著正相关（分别为ｒ＝０．７８，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．６３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示血透患者高血压发病除与Ｃ