血管紧张素Ⅱ受体、p53和Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的：研究AT1受体、AT2受体、凋亡抑制基因p53、Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达情况,并探讨其相关性及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化方法（SP法）,对102例乳腺癌患者石蜡包埋切片中的AT1受体、AT2受体、Survivin及p53蛋白进行检测,采用χ^2检验对结果进行分析。结果：乳腺癌组织中AT1受体的阳性表达率为48%（49/102）,AT1受体表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、ER、PR无相关性,而与腋淋巴结转移呈正相关;乳腺癌组织中AT2受体的阳性表达率为59.8%（61/102）,AT2受体表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、ER、PR无相关性,而与腋淋巴结转移成呈负相关;AT1受体表达与p53、Survivin表达呈正相关,AT2受体表达与p53、Survivin表达呈负相关,AT1受体表达与AT2受体表达呈负相关。结论：血管紧张素Ⅱ受体参与乳腺癌肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1、VEGF和PTEN在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

[目的]研究AT1受体、VEGF和PTEN在乳腺癌中的表达,并探讨其相关性及临床意义。[方法]采用免疫组化方法（SP法）对102例乳腺癌患者石蜡包埋切片中的AT1受体、VEGF和PTEN进行检测。[结果]AT1受体在乳腺癌中阳性表达率为48%。在乳腺癌中有腋淋巴结转移组表达率为61.8%,无腋淋巴结转移组为31.9%,两者差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。AT1受体阴性表达组的VEGF阳性表达率为11.3%（6/53）,AT1受体阳性表达组的VEGF阳性表达为71.4%（35/49）。AT1受体阴性表达患者p53蛋白表达率为30.2%,AT1受体阳性表达患者p53表达率为51.1%。AT1受体表达与p53表达呈相关性（P〈0.05）。[结论]乳腺癌组织中AT1受体表达与VEGF表达、PTEN表达呈正相关,可能在乳腺癌发生发展中起重要的作用。     

ERβ在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与临床病理因素的关系

目的　探讨ERβ在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素的关系。 方法　采用免疫组化S -P法测定 97例原发性乳腺癌组织中ERα、ERβ和PR的表达 ,并与生化法测得的ER、PR及临床病理指标作对比分析。 结果　ERβ在原发性乳腺癌组织中阳性表达率为 62 .9% ( 61/ 97)。ERβ与ERα的表达无相关性 (P >0 .0 5 )。ERα、生化ER、PR及免疫组化PR均阴性表达的乳腺癌组织内ERβ阳性表达率为 83 .3 % ( 10 / 12 )。ERβ阳性表达与组织学分级呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。无腋淋巴结转移者的ERβ阳性表达率为 81.6% ( 3 1/ 3 8) ,有腋淋巴结转移者的ERβ阳性表达率为 5 0 .8% ( 3 0 / 5 9) ,两者具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,且ERβ阳性表达与腋淋巴结转移呈负相关。ERβ表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、临床分期、月经状况和病理类型无明显相关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　ERβ与ERα、PR一样也为细胞核受体。原发性乳腺癌组织内亦有ERβ表达。在原发性乳腺癌组织内ERβ阳性表达与组织学分级和腋淋巴结转移呈负相关。ERβ与ERα的表达无相关性 ,不能通过ER、PR及ERα联合测定来取代ERβ的检测。     

C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF在乳腺癌中的表达及相关性

目的探讨C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与乳腺癌临床病理特征之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测72例乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF表达情况,并结合临床病理特征进行相关性分析。结果乳腺癌患者C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF阳性表达率分别为47.2%、48.6%、56.9%、65.3%。C-erbB-2、p53表达与淋巴结转移、雌激素受体、孕激素受体相关(P<0.05);Ki-67、VEGF与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05);ER和PR呈正相关(P<0.05);C-erbB2与ER、PR呈负相关(P<0.05);p53与ER和PR呈负相关(P<0.05);p53、Ki-67、VEGF之间均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF检测对判断乳腺癌预后有重要意义。     

乳腺癌组织中c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床乳腺癌预后因素的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对1180例乳腺癌组织c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23的表达进行检测.结果 c-erbB-2表达与患者年龄(≥35岁)、肿瘤临床期别、腋淋巴结状态、组织学分级呈负相关,与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)呈正相关;p53蛋白表达与患者临床期别、组织学分级、病理类型呈负相关,与腋淋巴结状态呈正相关;PCNA表达与患者临床期别、腋淋巴结状况呈负相关,与ER、PR呈正相关;nm23蛋白表达与患者腋淋巴结状态呈负相关,与病理类型、ER、PR呈正相关.结论生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23与临床期别、组织学分级、腋淋巴结状态及病理类型等联合应用,有助于提高对乳腺癌预后评价的正确性.     

乳腺癌超声征象与雌激素受体、孕激素受体及C-erbB-2表达的相关性分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌超声征象与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)及C-erbB-2表达的相关性.方法 选取的82例乳腺癌患者均接受超声检查,观察肿瘤大小、分级、类型、淋巴结转移及脉管侵犯情况等;免疫组化法检测乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER、PR及C-erbB-2的阳性表达率,并分析不同超声征象与ER、PR及C-erbB-2阳性表达的相关性.结果 82例乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER、PR及C-erbB-2的阳性表达率分别为60.98％、58.54％和48.78％.不同边缘情况、恶性晕环情况、淋巴结转移情况和后方回声衰减情况乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).不同边缘情况、淋巴结转移情况乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中PR阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).不同微钙化情况、血流情况、淋巴结转移情况乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).肿瘤边缘毛刺征与ER、PR的阳性表达均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),恶性晕环、后方回声衰减与ER的阳性表达均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),肿瘤微钙化、血流丰富与C-erbB-2的阳性表达均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),腋窝淋巴结转移与ER、PR的阳性表达呈负相关(P﹤0.05),与C-erbB-2的阳性表达呈正相关(P﹤0.05).结论 乳腺癌患者超声征象与ER、PR及C-erbB-2阳性表达存在一定的相关性,在预测乳腺癌生物学特性中具有一定指导价值.     

乳腺癌组织中c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA和nm23蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床乳腺癌预后因素的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对1180例乳腺癌组织切片c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23的表达进行检测.结果 c-erbB-2表达与患者年龄(≥35岁)、临床期别、腋淋巴结状态、组织学分级呈负相关,与ER、PR受体呈正相关;p53蛋白的表达与患者临床期别、组织学分级、病理类型呈负相关,与腋淋巴结状态呈正相关;PCNA的表达与患者临床期别、腋淋巴结状况呈负相关,与ER、PR呈正相关;nm23蛋白的表达与患者腋淋巴结状态呈负相关,与病理类型、ER、PR呈正相关.结论生物学指标c-erbB-2、p53、PCNA、nm23应与临床预后因素(临床期别、组织学分级、腋淋巴结状态及病理类型等)联合应用,有助于提高对乳腺癌预后评价的正确性.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体在肺鳞癌、腺癌中的表达及与Survivin、p53相关性研究

目的:探讨在肺鳞癌、腺癌组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AngiotensinⅡtype-1 receptor,AT1R)的表达及临床意义,并探讨AT1R表达及与Survivin、p53之间的相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法(SP法)检测72例肺鳞癌、腺癌组织和12例癌旁正常组织中AT1R、Survivin、p53的表达。结果:AT1R在肺鳞癌、腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为48.6%,在正常组织中未检出阳性结果。AT1R阳性表达率与淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈正相关(P<0.05),与组织学类型、病理分级及是否吸烟无相关性(P>0.05)。AT1R阳性表达患者p53蛋白、Survivin阳性表达率分别为71.4%和74.3%,AT1R不表达患者p53蛋白及Survivin阳性表达率分别为29.7%和40.5%。AT1R表达与Survivin、p53蛋白表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:AT1R参与了肺鳞癌、腺癌的恶性增殖和侵袭,其表达能为肺癌诊断、治疗、判断预后提供新的依据。     

乳腺癌雌孕激素受体与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23基因表达及相关分析

目的观察乳腺癌组织中雌、孕激素受体(ER、PR)与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23基因表达及其相互关系,及乳腺癌淋巴结转移与基因表达关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对85例乳腺癌进行了ER、PR、CerbB-2、p53、nm23检测,结果作统计学分析.结果(1)ER、PR阳性表达率分别为63.52%和72.94%;(2)C-erbB-2、p53、nm23的表达率各为68.23%、32.94%、63.52%;(3)ER、PR阳性患者的C-erbB-2或p53的阳性表达明显低于ER、PR阴性患者(P＜0.05);(4)淋巴结有转移的乳腺癌患者nm23阳性表达明显低于无淋巴结转移的患者(P＜0.05),p53表达则在有淋巴结转移者的乳癌中表达高(P＜0.01).结论ER、PR与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23这两种不同特性产物在乳腺癌组织中有一定的内在联系,p53、nm23的阳性表达对判断乳癌的肿瘤转移及预后有重要意义.     

35岁以下乳腺癌C—erbB-2和p53癌基因与雌孕激素受体表达关系的研究

目的 探讨35岁以下乳腺癌C-erbB-2、p53 癌基因与雌激素(ER)、孕激素(PR)受体表达之间关系.方法 应用免疫组化对100例35岁以下乳腺癌的C-erbB-2、p53、ER、PR表达进行检测研究.结果 C-erbB-2、p53、ER、PR阳性表达率分别为78.0%、67.6%、54.0%和54.0%;C-erbB2、p53阳性表达与l临床分期、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移及ER状态无相关性.结论 35岁以下乳腺癌C-erbB-2、p53癌基因具有高表达,增加了转移潜能及侵袭性可能.     

Nongenomic oestrogen signalling in oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells: a role for the angiotensin II receptor AT1

Introduction  

Oestrogens can mediate some of their cell survival properties through a nongenomic mechanism that involves the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The mechanism of this rapid signalling and its dependence on a membrane bound oestrogen receptor (ER), however, remains controversial. The role of G-protein-coupled receptor and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in an ER-independent signalling pathway modulated by oestrogen was investigated.     

AT1 angiotensin II receptor subtype in the human larynx and squamous laryngeal carcinoma

The presence of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 Ang II-R) was investigated in normal and diseased human larynx using a specific monoclonal antibody (6313/G2). When tissue AT1 content was studied by SDS electrophoresis with immunoblotting, the receptor was detected in 10/10 laryngeal tumours, and in 7/10 samples of normal tissue from the same patients. Two immunostaining bands, approximately 75 kDa, were present in all cases. Immunocytochemistry performed on sections of 45 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded laryngeal tissue samples showed that the receptor was expressed in normal respiratory epithelium only in a perinuclear pattern, above the nucleus toward the cell apex. In addition, the antigen was invariably present in skeletal muscle cells and in the columnar duct epithelium of minor salivary glands. The secretory cells were negative, but the antibody stained the adjacent myoepithelial cell layer. As expected, smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls also expressed Ang II-R. In metaplastic epithelium deriving from respiratory epithelium, the receptors were distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm of basal and parabasal cells. In dysplastic epithelium, cells of all layers were strongly positive. Finally, squamous cell tumours showed varying numbers of immunoreactive cells, which stained in a diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous pattern. Computer-assisted image analysis of the stained sections showed that the positivity for Ang II-R dramatically increased in dysplastic and well-differentiated cancer cells (3- and 5.5-fold higher than in normal epithelium, respectively), but there was less in poorly and very poorly differentiated cancer. Receptor abundance was not correlated with tumour size nor lymph node involvement. These results suggest a possible role of Ang II in the growth or function of normal and neoplastic larynx tissue, which is especially significant in early neoplastic change.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1在小鼠肾脏输尿管芽的表达

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1(AngiotensinⅡreceptor type1,AT1R)在小鼠早期肾脏发育中输尿管芽的表达及其与肾脏发育的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测胚龄12、14、15、16、18天小鼠肾脏输尿管芽AT1R的含量。结果在胚龄12天,AT1R在输尿管芽有少量表达,胚龄15天到达高峰,胚龄16天AT1R在输尿管芽及其分支中仅有微量表达。结论输尿管芽在小鼠后肾发生发育中有AT1R表达,推测AT1R与诱导输尿管芽分支不断延长有关。     

激素受体ER与PR及AR在男性乳腺癌与良性病变组织中的表达

目的:探讨激素受体(ER、PR和AR)在男性乳腺癌的表达及三种受体之间表达的相关关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法对ER、PR、AR三种受体进行检测,并用SPSS软件分析各组差异。结果:ER、PR在23例男性乳腺癌患者组织中表达阳性率较良性病变低,分别为82.6%、56.5%与良性疾病相比有明显的统计学差异(OR分别为:4.32和5.25,P<0.05),AR表达与ER、PR之间表达不相关。结论:男性乳腺癌患者中ER、PR表达阳性率较良性病变低,AR表达与ER、PR之间表达不相关。     

Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in breast carcinomas

BACKGROUND:

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a rapid and accurate procedure for the detection of breast carcinomas. The evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is performed routinely on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded needle‐core (NC) or excision tissue block (TB) preparations, according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologist guidelines. In this retrospective study, the authors compared expression levels of ER, PR, and HER2 in ethanol‐fixed BC FNA cell block (CB) samples with expression levels in formalin‐fixed NC and TB samples.

METHODS:

Forty‐one breast carcinoma CB samples with concurrent or subsequent NC and TB samples were identified. Patients who had received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. CB samples initially were fixed in 50% ethanol (4‐12 hours), and this was followed by formalin fixation (minimum, 6 hours). NC samples were placed promptly in formalin for a minimum of 6 hours. Within 4 to 8 hours, TB samples were fixed in formalin for 6 to 48 hours. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results were also compared.

RESULTS:

IHC for ER on alcohol‐fixed CB samples had good correlation with NC and TB samples. PR results on TB samples had excellent agreement with NC samples. A higher discordance rate wais observed when PR results were compared between CB samples and NC samples. HER2 detection on ethanol‐fixed CB samples resulted in a higher rate of positive and equivocal staining than NC or TB samples. HER2 IHC on TB samples demonstrated better correlation with FISH results than CB or NC samples.

CONCLUSIONS:

Alcohol fixation did not affect ER results in breast carcinoma, but it may alter tumor cell PR antigenicity. The authors concluded that CB samples could be used to triage patients for tamoxifen therapy, but they are not reliable for the assessment of HER2 status; therefore, CB results should be correlated with results from NC or TB samples. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Correlations between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and patient characteristics in human breast cancer

The relationships between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and a variety of patient characteristics are described for 2,977 women with primary breast cancer. Older women were more likely to be estrogen-receptor positive than younger women. When patient age and menopausal status were analyzed together, age was found to be the primary determinant of increased estrogen-receptor concentrations. There appeared to be no relationship with progesterone receptor for either age or menopausal status when these variables were analyzed separately. But premenopausal women had higher progesterone receptor concentrations than postmenopausal women when patients of the same age were compared, perhaps reflecting greater estrogen-mediated synthesis of progesterone receptor. Tumor size was negatively related to steroid receptor concentrations, but no relationships were observed between steroid receptors and either the number of positive axillary lymph nodes or the location of the primary tumor.     

瘦素及瘦素受体与肿瘤

瘦素(LEP)是肥胖基因的表达产物,它与其受体结合可发挥生物学作用,是近几年来肥胖及相关疾病发病机制和防治研究的重点.现综述LEP及其受体在肿瘤发生发展过程中的研究进展.     

Fulvestrant,a selective estrogen receptor down-regulator,sensitizes estrogen receptor negative breast tumors to chemotherapy

Drug resistance frequently results in poor prognosis and high 5-year recurrence rate in estrogen receptor-negative (ER−) breast cancer patients. Herein, we examined the reversal effects of fulvestrant on multidrug resistance (MDR) in ER− breast cancer cells. Co-administration of fulvestrant significantly sensitized ER− MDR tumors to paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo. Further analyses indicated that fulvestrant did not affect P-gp expression, but could inhibit P-gp function and subsequently reverse P-gp mediated drug resistance in ER− breast cancer cells. These results showed that combination of fulvestrant and chemotherapeutic agents might provide an effective treatment for ER− MDR breast cancers.