脱细胞异体真皮基质补片在新生儿及小儿腹壁重建中的应用

目的探讨使用脱细胞异体真皮基质生物补片重建腹壁的方式治疗新生儿、小儿巨型脐膨出等巨大腹壁缺损病例的可行性。方法作者近期采用脱细胞异体真皮基质生物补片重建腹壁的手术方式,治疗巨型脐膨出11例,医源性巨大腹壁缺损1例,巨大腹壁疝1例,通过生物补片修补腹壁组织缺损,扩大腹腔容积,避免直接缝合关闭腹腔术后腹压急剧升高。结果11例巨型脐膨出患儿中,除1例患儿家长放弃治疗外,其余10例效果良好,随访至今,无一例发生并发症。结论新生儿及小儿巨大腹壁缺损可使用脱细胞异体真皮基质补片重建腹壁,效果良好。     

小肠黏膜下层生物补片在腹裂修补术中的应用

目的 探讨小肠黏膜下层生物补片在腹裂修补术中的作用.方法 2010年6月至2015年5月,我们对20例腹裂患儿采用生物补片进行修复,其中12例采用小肠黏膜下层(SIS)生物补片一期修补腹壁缺损(SIS组),8例采用脱细胞真皮生物补片一期修补腹壁缺损(真皮组),与2006年6月至2010年5月收治的14例未用任何组织替代物、强行一期修补的腹裂患儿(对照组)的临床资料进行比较,观察胎龄、出生体重、出生至手术时间、缺损大小、暴露于腹腔外脏器情况、术后机械通气情况、术后开始进食时间、住院时间、切口感染、腹壁疝的发生率等指标.结果 三组患儿平均胎龄、出生体重、出生至手术时间、缺损大小、腹腔脏器脱出情况之间差异无统计学意义;SIS组12例患儿中仅2例患儿术后需机械通气,平均通气时间24 h,真皮组2例患儿需机械通气,平均通气时间19h,对照组10例患儿需机械通气,平均机械通气时间39 h,补片组机械通气的必要性和通气时长显著低于对照组,补片组中SIS组和真皮组机械通气的必要性和通气时长差异无统计学意义;SIS组和真皮组术后的开始进食时间分别是(186.5±37.7)h、(173.3±41.5)h,显著少于对照组开始进食时间(256.1±41.8)h;SIS组和真皮组的住院时间分别是(16.2±3.0)d、(15.1±2.2)d,显著少于对照组的住院时间(19.4±3.6)d;SIS组术后无切口感染发生,有2例术后3个月发生切口疝,1年后自行愈合,无需再次手术修补;真皮组术后3例发生切口感染、排异反应,经伤口换药、去除补片后瘢痕愈合,有2例术后5个月发生切口疝,2例约1年后逐渐自行愈合,无需再次手术修补;对照组5例发生切口感染,经换药后好转,3例切口裂开,蝶形胶布固定换药后瘢痕愈合,5例术后3个月发生切口疝,3例1年后逐渐愈合,2例2年后未愈合施行手术修补.结论 对腹壁缺损大、腹腔容积小的腹裂患儿可以采用一期补片修复的方式,以减少分期手术率、术后机械通气,降低术后腹腔压力,有利于肠道功能恢复;小肠黏膜下层(SIS)和脱细胞真皮组织补片均能用于修复腹壁缺损,但小肠黏膜下层在生物相容性、抗感染等方面优于脱细胞真皮组织.     

同种异体脱细胞真皮修补术治疗巨型脐膨出的疗效分析

目的总结采用同种异体脱细胞真皮修补术治疗巨型脐膨出的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2019年11月应用同种异体脱细胞真皮修补术治疗的31例巨型脐膨出患儿病例资料,其中男童18例,女童13例,体重1.8~3.5 kg,腹壁缺损均>5 cm,就诊时间1 h至1 d,手术均在就诊后3~12 h内完成,31例羊膜囊内均有小肠、结肠、肝脏。合并先天性心脏病12例(法洛四联症、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭),合并21-三体畸形1例,合并多指1例,合并肠闭锁1例,合并梅克尔憩室2例,合并肠旋转发育不良3例。术中切除羊膜囊,合并心脏畸形者先观察暂不予处理;合并多指者待患儿3个月再行手术切除;合并肠闭锁者直接行肠切除、肠吻合术;合并梅克尔憩室但肠道通畅者未作处理;合并肠旋转发育不良者行Ladd矫治术。分离脐部缺损周边肌肉组织,将生物补片与肌肉缝合修补缺损,行脐部成形术。术后呼吸机辅助通气2~5 d,7 d后慢慢开奶。出院后随访1年。结果31例患儿均治愈出院,1例发生补片排斥反应,反复发热、渗液,伤口裂开,对症治疗后慢慢好转。2例脐部伤口愈合欠佳,形成巨大瘢痕填充。1例出现腹壁疝,腹腔容积扩张不满意,脐部肿物突出明显,择期再次行手术治疗。2例术后肠梗阻,保守治疗后好转。结论对于巨型脐膨出,同种异体脱细胞真皮修补兼容性好,不良反应少,术后恢复可,并发症少,是一种理想的治疗巨型脐膨出的方法。     

用硅胶袋修复巨型脐膨出与腹裂13例报告

目的总结应用硅胶袋分期修复巨型脐膨出和腹裂的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2003年以来应用硅胶袋进行分期腹壁修补术的11例患儿病例资料。其中巨型脐膨出3例,腹裂8例。均于气管插管全身麻醉下手术,将无菌硅胶袋与腹壁缺损边缘缝合成囊袋状,包裹膨出的脏器,术后逐渐挤压囊袋至内脏还纳入腹腔后去除囊袋,分层关闭腹壁缺损。脐膨出患儿行脐部成形。全部患儿术后均予呼吸机支持2-24h。结果全组患儿膨出脏器均于术后7-10d还纳入腹腔．此时腹壁无明显张力．术后无腹壁切口裂开及腹腔继发感染,伤口恢复良好,生长发育正常。结论采用无菌硅胶袋替代涤纶补片行腹壁修补术,硅胶袋与腹壁缝合后反应小,费用低,是一种安全、疗效可靠的方法。     

一期手术治疗严重腹壁缺损及手术后腹腔压力变化探讨

目的探讨一期手术治疗先天性严重腹壁缺损及术后腹腔内压力的变化。方法对本中心2015年1月至2016年12月收治的15例一期手术治疗严重腹壁缺损的患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组患儿均采用一期修补术,术后24 h后腹腔压力开始明显下降,呼吸机支持时间22～364 h,肠功能恢复时间67～168 h。全组患儿术后均恢复到全肠内营养后出院,出院随访11～34个月。1例脐膨出患儿术后2个月患肺炎,因呕吐窒息死亡;1例29周早产腹裂患儿术后长期喂养不耐受,经反复肠内、外营养支持后恢复;1例脐膨出患儿术后3个月出现切口疝,其余病例均恢复良好。结论严重腹壁缺损一期手术虽然部分面临腹压过高,但通过全面的围术期处理,长时间的肌松和呼吸机支持,很快能度过术后高腹压期,达到一期修复。     

自体脐带片修补先天性腹裂

目的　报告用新生儿自体保留的脐带做成脐带片 ,修补先天性腹裂的临床观察。方法　自 1995年 5月～ 2 0 0 0年 6月 ,用自体脐带片修补新生儿腹裂 6例 ,患儿入院后立即清洗消毒 ,根据保留脐带的大小分别获得 3.0～ 3.5cm× 5 .0～ 8.0cm大小的脐带片 ,保留左侧基部 ,右侧脐片与裂开的腹壁边缘间断缝合。结果　 1例术后第 4周发生肠粘连、肠梗阻 ,家长放弃再手术而死亡 ,5例治愈出院。随访 4例 ,随访时间 3个月～ 3年 ,3例上皮覆盖后无切口疝 ,1例遗留小型腹壁疝 ,待Ⅱ期修补。患儿营养发育良好。结论　自体脐带片是患儿自身的生物活性组织 ,无毒性 ,无抗原性 ,并具有一定的弹性 ,修补腹裂后 ,能有效的减轻腹腔压力 ,并且取材容易     

涤纶布修补先天性腹壁缺损探讨

目的探讨巨型脐膨出和腹裂的手术方式，提高手术成功率。方法分析自2001年开始采用涤纶补片修补的15例腹壁缺损病例资料。结果15例腹壁缺损术中不能对合，行此术式全部成活，生长发育良好。结论此手术方法有效地增大了腹腔容积，避免了隔肌过于升高及腹腔内压力过高所致的一系列并发症，从而提高了患儿修补手术的成功率。     

T-1型脱落细胞异体组织补片代尿道治疗小儿重度尿道下裂的临床观察

目的观察T-1型脱落细胞异体组织补片代尿道治疗小儿重度尿道下裂的可行性及疗效。方法采用T-1型脱落细胞异体组织补片对11例重度尿道下裂患儿进行尿道修复手术，术后定期观察补片生长情况及术后并发症。结果所有补片术后均存活，阴茎外观满意，排尿正常，无尿道瘘发生，8例出现轻度尿道狭窄，经尿道扩张半年后均获改善。结论T-1型脱落细胞异体组织补片可用于修复尿道缺损，可一定程度上解决重度尿道下裂患儿修补尿道时取材困难的问题，长期疗效有待观察。     

先天性腹裂Ⅰ期修补的体会

目的探讨先天性腹裂急诊Ⅰ期修补术的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析4例先天性腹裂急诊Ⅰ期修补术的临床资料。结果4例Ⅰ期修补术后无1例死亡,均痊愈,随访生长发育正常。结论把握时机尽快手术,应用腹壁减张缝合术Ⅰ期修补治疗先天性腹裂是可行的。     

小儿先天性腰疝诊治分析

目的 探讨小儿先天性腰疝的诊断与治疗方法.方法 1980～2008年本院共收治先天性腰疝患儿7例.其中男4例,女3例,年龄3～18个月.7例中,单侧5例,双侧2例.单侧患者中,发生于腰上三角区(Grynfeld Lessshaft三角)3例,腰下三角区(Petit's三角)2例,双侧2例,表现为弥漫性侧腹壁薄弱.均行手术治疗,5例单侧患儿采用疝囊高位结扎术或缝扎术,直接缝合疝环及其周围肌肉筋膜组织,2例双侧弥漫型患儿采用缝扎疝囊并折叠,侧腹壁薄弱肌层及筋膜交错重叠缝合.结果 所有患儿经1～5年随访,效果良好,无一例复发.无并发症发生.结论 先天性腰疝诊断较为容易,重点在于了解其严重程度及伴发畸形;以早期手术治疗为宜,一般采取疝环一期缝合术,如腹壁缺损较大或为弥漫型腰疝行一期缝合有困难,则可采用疝囊折叠、侧腹壁肌层及筋膜折叠修补术,建议尽可能采用自身组织修补;效果良好.     

Long-term results following repair of neonatal abdominal wall defects with Gore-Tex

Animal studies and clinical experience in adults suggest that the Gore-Tex patch, because of its strength and lack of reactivity, is superior to other synthetic materials as a fascial replacement. We report our experience with Gore-Tex for the repair of neonatal abdominal wall defects when direct fascial closure was not possible. Between January 1985 and July 1992, 84 patients underwent repair of an omphalocele or gastroschisis. Ten of these were repaired with a Gore-Tex patch. Follow-up averaged 2.2 years (range 13–63 months). Data collected were graft life (time from insertion to removal), patch-related complications such as exteriorization (exposure of the patch due to dehiscence of the overlying skin), presence or absence of local and/or systemic infection, and patch separation (separation of the sutured edge of the patch from the fascia). The ease of removal as well as the appearance of the wound after patch removal was documented. Patch-related complications were divided into early (30 days postoperatively), and late (> 30 days). All ten patients required graft removal because of patch-related complications. The median time to removal was 90 days (range 20–540). There were a total of 12 complications in the ten patients. Three had early complications; three had exteriorized patches and two had concomitant local infections. Seven patients had late complications. Exteriorization was less common in this group, occurring in two cases. Local infections occurred in five of seven patients. Patch removal was necessary to clear the infection in all cases. No patient developed systemic sepsis or enteric fistulae. The patch was removed easily and there were no bowel-to-patch adhesions. Fascial closure was successfully accomplished in all patients regardless of the size of the initial defect. In no case did removal of the patch and secondary closure of the abdominal wall result in a ventral hernia. This study demonstrates that: (1) Gore-Tex patch closure of neonatal abdominal wall defects is associated in all cases with either early or late exteriorization and/or infection; (2) removal is easy and complication-free because it does not incorporate into the tissue and is relatively non-reactive; and (3) following removal of the patch it is possible to successfully close the abdominal wall defect. We conclude that Gore-Tex is a useful synthetic material for closure of neonatal abdominal wall defects, but should be considered a temporary bridge to subsequent fascial closure.     

Negative pressure wound therapy facilitates closure of large congenital abdominal wall defects

The degree of viscero-abdominal disproportion often makes single-stage reduction difficult in large abdominal wall defects, without risking respiratory or hemodynamic compromise. As a consequence, clinicians have adopted a number of different methods to control these defects. Repair may be in the neonatal period, or later in life. Delayed repairs require epithelialization of the gastroschisis or omphalocele. Definitive repair may be in single or multiple stages. This paper describes four children in whom negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was used to facilitate closure of these complex defects.     

异体真皮结合负压封闭引流技术治疗小儿感染性创面

目的探讨利用异体真皮结合负压封闭引流技术对小儿感染创面进行整形修复的效果。方法对本院自2011年7月到2012年4月共9例软组织外伤患儿11处创面,采用先行负压封闭引流（VSD）10～14d,拆除VSD后再行异体真皮加自体表皮联合移植的方法进行治疗,随访3个月至1年,观察皮片成活率及远期皮肤质量。结果9例患儿11处创面皮片平均成活面积80％左右,最高成活率为95％,最低成活率60％,成活后的皮片远期随访外观与周围皮肤色差小,表面平整,质地柔软,无明显挛缩,无需二期再次修复。结论应用异体真皮结合负压封闭引流技术对小儿感染创面进行治疗,成活率高,功能外观好,可达到整形意义上的修复,尤其适用于关节及外露部位。     

Use of amniotic grafts in the repair of gastroschisis

This article describes the use of amniotic grafts (AG) in the repair of large abdominal wall defects in newborns with gastroschisis. From 1988 to 1995, 22 newborns with gastroschisis underwent surgical repair. In 12 primary closure (PC) was performed; in 10 the abdominal wall defect was covered with an AG. A double layer of AG was used and the graft was additionally covered with a silastic silo in 8 cases. The overall mortality was 14%; 3 children died from necrotizing enterocolitis or sepsis after AG. However, the difference in mortality of newborns with PC versus AG was not statistically significant. Patient characteristics, the postoperative courses, nd the frequency of complications were similar after PC and AG. It is concluded that AG has no negative impact on the postoperative course and yields a low overall mortality. In our opinion there are several advantages in using the AG technique: it is an autoplastic material that is readily available without costs, reefing and removal is unnecessary, and there is a potentially low rate of adhesions.     

Review of the evidence on the closure of abdominal wall defects

Infants with congenital abdominal wall defects pose an interesting and challenging management issue for surgeons. We attempt to review the literature to define the current treatment modalities and their application in practice. In gastroschisis, the overall strategies for repair include immediate closure or delayed operative repair. The best level of data for gastroschisis is grade C and appears to support that there is no major difference in survival between immediate closure or delayed repair. In patients with omphalocele, the management techniques are more varied consisting of immediate closure, staged closure or delayed closure after epithelialization. The literature is less clear on when to use one technique over the other, consisting of mostly grade D and E data. In patients with omphalocele, a registry to collect information on patients with larger defects may help determine which of the management strategies is optimal.     

The use of Surgisis<Superscript><Emphasis Type="Bold">®</Emphasis></Superscript> for abdominal wall reconstruction in the separation of omphalopagus conjoined twins

Abdominal wall reconstruction in omphalopagus twins poses a difficult reconstructive challenge, as separation often results in a large abdominal wall defect. A number of options are available for closure, including tissue flaps, expanders and patches made of foreign material. Surgisis is a new biodegradable small intestine scaffolding substrate that permits tissue in-growth and results in a permanent durable scar. We describe its use in abdominal wall reconstruction after separation of a set of conjoined twins. A set of omphalopagus conjoined twins shared liver and abdominal wall. After separation at 6 months of age, Twin A's abdomen could be closed primarily, but Twin B could not. A 4-ply Surgisis mesh was used in the upper abdominal closure, and a skin flap was created, to completely cover the patch. Both twins survived the operation. A small portion of the skin flap over the Surgisis broke down, healing by secondary intention. In follow up of over 18 months post procedure, there have been no wound infections and the abdominal wall is intact with no evidence of a hernia. Surgisis can be successfully used for the reconstruction of complex abdominal wall defects in the pediatric patient, including reconstruction after separation of conjoined twins.