66例胆道闭锁Kasai术后近期疗效分析

目的探讨胆道闭锁Kasai术后的近期疗效及影响生存的因素。方法对2007～2009年本院收治的66例胆道闭锁行Kasai手术的患儿进行回顾性分析。男55例,女11例。手术时年龄30～180d,其中〈60d29例;60—90d20例;〉90d17例。术后3～5d内先后静脉滴注甲基强的松龙20mg、15mg、10mg、5mg,每剂量连用3d后递减,疗程结束后口服强的松每日5mg;熊去氧胆酸每日15mg／kg,口服抗菌素1年。每月检测血总胆红素1次,随访胆管炎是否发作,将是否生存及存活时间、年龄、术后总胆红素水平、胆管炎发作例次等数据录入计算机,进行Kaplan-meier生存分析、Cox regression分析及χ^2检验。结果66例均获随访,随访时间2～24个月。存活46例,死亡20例。Kaplan-meier生存分析显示2年生存率为67．3％,中位生存时间为17．9个月;Coxregressin分析提示血总胆红素为影响生存的因素;Kaplan-meier生存分析显示,术后长期血总胆红素〈34．2μmol／L者2年内生存率最高（P〈0．05）,全组胆汁排出率85％,黄疸完全消退率62％,手术年龄〈60d者术后黄疸消退率为86％,较其他年龄组高（P〈0．05）,胆管炎发生率为30．3％（20／66）。结论影响胆道闭锁Kasai术后近期疗效的主要因素在于术后血总胆红素水平,保持术后血总胆红素〈34．2μmol/L者预后较好。     

手术年龄对胆道闭锁Kasai手术后预后影响的研究

目的 探讨胆道闭锁患儿接受Kasai手术时的年龄对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2001年1月-2005年2月我院85例行Kasai手术的胆道闭锁患儿病例资料。按手术年龄分为〈60d组32例,60-90d组40例,〉90d组13例。至2007年2月,获随访且术后存活时间超过2年的患儿27例。结果〈60d组中,56．25％的患儿术后1个月血清胆红素较术前下降三分之一：40．63％的患儿术后3个月血清胆红素降至正常;46．88％的患儿术后6个月血清胆红素降至正常。60．90d组中．术后1个月血清胆红素下降三分之一、术后3个月及6个月降至正常率分别为65％、37．5％和50％。〉90d组患儿中则分别为46．15％、23．08％和23．08％。术后1个月、3个月血清胆红素下降率3组差异无统计学意义;〉90d组患儿术后6个月黄疽消退率较其他两组降低,P〈0．05。获随访的27例存活2年以上患儿中．〈60d组、60～90d组和〉90d组分别为15例、9例和3例,各占60％、32．14％和30％,P〈O．05。结论胆道闭锁患儿早期手术（出生后1～3个月）血清胆红素下降快,黄疸消退率及2年以上存活率均明显高于晚期手术者;2年无黄疸生存预示长期生存和生活质量提高。     

肝门肠吻合术治疗胆道闭锁112例报告

目的 评价肝门肠吻合术(Kasai手术)治疗胆道闭锁的效果并总结治疗经验.方法 对2007年1月至2011年12月集中收治并采用统一的治疗方案进行Kasai手术的Ⅲ型胆道闭锁病例进行回顾性分析.结果 进行Kasai手术的126例有112例(89.7％)获得完整随访.术后有70例黄疸清除,总黄疸清除率为62.5％,黄疸清除率在手术年龄≤60 d、60～90 d(包含90d)、90～120 d、＞120 d组分别为72.0％、80.5％、60.0％和19.0％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).总胆管炎发生率为30.4％(34/112),黄疸清除组(15例)的胆管炎发生率(21.4％)低于未清除组(19例,45.2),组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后68例(60.7％)出现持续肝纤维化,在各因素中分组中手术年龄＞90 d、黄疸未清除和胆管炎发作的病例,出现持续肝纤维化的比率较高(分别为93.5％,100％和50％),组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).本组1年和2年自体肝生存率分别为64.9％和61.8％.单因素生存分析发现,患儿手术年龄、术后黄疸消退与否、胆管炎发作与否以及肝纤维化活动情况是影响自体肝生存的相关因素(P＜0.05).结论 术后黄疸清除和胆管炎发作与否以及自体肝生存时间是胆道闭锁Kasai手术的评价指标,手术年龄≤90d,术后黄疸清除和较少的胆管炎发作有利于术后自体肝生存.     

78例胆道闭锁患儿诊疗与近期随访分析

目的 回顾性分析本院78例胆道闭锁患儿的诊疗经验,探讨胆道闭锁患儿的近期预后及影响近期预后的因素.方法 2003年1月至2008年12月本院共收治胆道闭锁患儿78例,对其诊疗过程及随访情况进行分析,影响预后的因素采用卡方检验、秩和检验等进行分析,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 黄疸平均发生日龄为（13.00±18.36）d,其中48例行Kasai手术,平均手术日龄为（84.50±34.48）d.中位随访时间为（12.82±11.65）个月.Kasai术后黄疸消退率为45.83%,手术时间＜60d、60～90d、＞90 d的患儿黄疽消退率分别为60.00%、56.67%和15.38%,差异有统计学意义.Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胆道闭锁患儿术后黄疸消退率为66.67%,Ⅲ型胆道闭锁术后黄疸消退率为41.03%,差异无统计学意义.Kasai术后有无胆管炎发生者黄疸消退率分别为40.91%、50.00%,差异无统计学意义.病毒感染、先天性畸形及术前应用中药退黄治疗对预后无显著影响.结论 提高胆道闭锁的疗效是小儿外科的一大难题,手术日龄是决定Kasai手术短期预后的关键因素.     

胆道闭锁Kasai术后肝脏纤维化及生化指标变化趋势的横断面研究

目的 研究胆道闭锁患儿Kasai术后肝脏纤维化及生化指标的变化趋势.方法 采用横断面研究方法,对2013年1月至2013年12月于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院普外科随访的胆道闭锁Kasai术后患儿进行复查资料收集,术后随访时间6个月以上,资料完整的121例纳入研究.按照Kasai术后胆红素降至正常的时间,以术后3个月、6个月为界分为优、良、差三组,获取患儿术时年龄、术前和术后Fibroscan肝脏硬度测量值及生化结果,绘制趋势图并进行统计学分析研究各组患儿Kasai术后肝脏纤维化及生化指标的变化趋势.结果 纳入本研究胆道闭锁患儿共121例,男69例(57.0％),女52例(43.0％);其中优组63例(52.1％),良组34例(28.1％),差组24例(19.8％).三组患儿术时年龄差异无统计学意义.三组患儿Fibroscan肝脏硬度测量值在术后1年内波动进展,1年后趋于稳定;单因素方差分析及秩和检验结果显示优良组差异无统计学意义,优良组与差组患儿Fibroscan肝脏硬度测量值在术后1年内差异均有统计学意义.优良组患儿总胆红素在术后前3个月下降较快,随后缓慢下降,至术后6个月稳定于正常值,而差组患儿总胆红素术后前2个月下降较快,但随后出现较大波动.三组患儿ALT趋势图均在术后1个月出现波峰,优良组术后1～6个月有所下降,但之后持续波动不能稳定,差组持续波动;三组患儿AST术后6个月内有所下降,但之后波动较大不能稳定.三组患儿CGT术后1个月达到最高峰,至术后6个月下降较快,随后逐渐趋于稳定小幅波动.结论 ①胆道闭锁患儿Kasai术后1年内肝脏纤维化波动性进展,自肝存活超过1年者肝纤维化情况进展缓慢趋于稳定,优组患儿在2年后更加稳定;②Kasai术后1个月内胆红素下降最快,3～6个月胆红素可降至正常的患儿,其胆红素水平可维持长期正常;③肝脏炎症、胆管反应、功能损害在术后仍继续进展,术后1个月开始减轻,术后6个月趋于稳定.     

胆道闭锁Kasai术后自肝生存患儿体格发育Z评分

目的 本研究旨在对胆道闭锁Kasai术后自肝生存患儿的体格发育进行评价,了解胆道闭锁Kasai术后自肝生存患儿营养状况.方法 本研究采用横断面调查方式,于2014年10月至2015年1月对首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院普外科胆道闭锁Kasai术后自肝生存定期门诊复查的96例患儿进行体格测量(身高/身长、体重).采用WHO Anthro Plus 2007软件,计算年龄别身高/身长Z评分(Height for Age Z-score,HAZ)、年龄别体重Z评分(Weight for Age Z-score,WAZ)、身高别体重Z评分(Weight for Height Z-score,WHZ).统计我中心Ksasi术后自肝生存患儿生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦的患病率.采用方差分析或t检验,描述不同分组Z评分结果差异.结果 ①纳入研究的96例Kasai术后自肝生存患儿HAZ、WAZ、WHZ均值分别为-0.38±0.17、0.33±0.17、0.88±0.17;②生长迟缓(HAZ＜-2)患病率为14.58％(14/96),低体重(WAZ＜-2)患病率为5.21％(5/96),消瘦(WHZ＜-2)患病率为3.13％(3/96);③以年龄(月)分组,6～12个月组患儿HAZ、WAZ、WHZ均值均为负值,分别为-0.27±0.12、-0.55±0.37、-0.30±0.25;④以术时年龄(d)分组,＜60 d、60～90 d组患儿的WHZ均值均为正值,分别为1.08±0.27、0.85±0.25,＞90 d组患儿WHZ均值为负值,-0.26±0.24.结论①胆道闭锁Kasai术后自肝生存患儿存在营养不良问题,其中生长迟缓问题更为突出;②6～12个月组患儿HAZ、WAZ、WHZ均值均低于国际标准值(0),并且6～12个月组患儿WAZ、WHZ明显低于13～24个月组和≥25个月组,因此Kasai术后自肝生存患儿婴儿期营养状况尤其值得关注;③术时年龄＞90d组患儿WHZ明显低于＜60d组和60～90d组,所以尽早手术对于提升患儿术后营养状况有帮助.     

胆道闭锁患儿早期胆红素变化

目的：比较胆道闭锁及婴儿肝炎综合征（以下简称为婴肝）患儿出生后2个月内胆红素水平,分析胆道闭锁和婴肝患儿胆红素变化的规律,探讨胆道闭锁患儿胆红素水平与年龄的内在联系。方法选择2000年1月至2009年4月因黄疸于出生后60 d 内行血清胆红素检查的胆道闭锁患儿68例,为胆道闭锁组;2005年1月至2009年4月因婴儿肝炎综合征于出生后60 d 内行血清胆红素检查的患儿72例,为婴肝组;正常对照组为近1年内非肝脏疾病于出生60 d 内行胆红素检查的54例患儿。分析各组血清胆红素水平随年龄变化的特点,并计算检查时年龄、直接胆红素与总胆红素的比例。将上述结果分组进行对比分析,研究各组血清胆红素与年龄之间的关系。结果胆道闭锁患儿血清总胆红素、直接胆红素水平明显高于婴肝组患儿（P ＜0.05）。胆道闭锁组患儿出生后10 d 内血清总胆红素、直接胆红素水平明显高于婴肝组和正常对照组。胆道闭锁组患儿直接胆红素水平、直接胆红素与总胆红素比值随年龄增长缓慢升高,而婴肝组患儿直接胆红素水平、直接胆红素与总胆红素比值在出生20 d后变化甚微。结论胆道闭锁患儿总胆红素水平在新生儿期逐渐下降,1个月后再缓慢升高;且并不是一开始就表现为以直接胆红素升高为主的高胆红素血症,出生后20 d 内其与婴肝相似,均表现为以间接胆红素升高为主的黄疸。年龄小于2个月的婴儿,直接胆红素占总胆红素的水平超过0．7可以作为诊断胆道闭锁的线索。     

胆道闭锁Kasai术后近中期疗效及部分影响因素分析

目的 探讨胆道闭锁Kasai术后的近中期疗效及其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2005年10月至2010年9月在本院行Kasai手术并获得随访的152例胆道闭锁患儿,男68例,女84例,手术时的中位日龄为75 d(31～528 d),平均(82.36±45.17)d,定期门诊复诊并电话随访,平均随访时间(20.11±16.11)个月(2～62个月),对其诊疗过程及随访情况进行分析,对黄疸消退情况、生存率及影响因素采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析、Cox regression分析及x2检验.结果 Kasai术后黄疸消退率为50％(74/149),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型患儿的黄疸消退率分别为67％、67％、47％,差异无统计学意义(P=0.306);≤60 d、60～≤90d、91～120 d手术组患儿的黄疸消退率分别为54％、53％、46％,≥120 d手术组患儿的黄疸消退率明显降低(25％),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.310);胆管炎发生率57％(85/149),有无胆管炎发作的黄疸消退率分别为31％、75％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Kaplan-Meier生存分析Kasai术后2、4年的自体肝存活率分别为56％、49％,有胆管炎组和无胆管炎组的2年自体肝存活率分别为43％、77％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 Kasai手术是目前我国治疗胆道闭锁的首要方法,手术年龄和分型与Kasai术后的近中期效果无明显相关,胆管炎是影响Kasai术后效果的重要因素.     

腹腔镜Kasai手术治疗胆道闭锁合并肝右动脉变异北大核心CSCD

目的探讨腹腔镜Kasai手术治疗小儿胆道闭锁合并肝右动脉变异的治疗效果。方法收集2014年1月至2021年8月在淮安妇幼保健院行腹腔镜Kasai手术的8例胆道闭锁合并肝右动脉变异的Ⅲ型胆道闭锁患儿的临床资料,其中男5例,女3例;入院时平均年龄78.1 d;平均体重5.9 kg。手术采用四孔法,在变异肝右动脉和门静脉右支之间游离胆总管,牵拉至肝门。游离并切除肝门纤维块,完成腹腔镜Kasai手术。随访并观察患儿治疗效果。结果所有患儿均经腹腔镜手术,无特殊手术并发症。平均手术时间为235 min,平均出血量为12.8 ml,术后平均随访时间为32.1个月。6例患儿术后4个月内总胆红素降至正常。另外2例患儿胆红素术后显著下降,但由于并发胆管炎再次升高,持续观察中并使用抗生素、熊去氧胆酸和激素治疗。结论对于胆道闭锁合并肝右动脉变异患儿,腹腔镜Kasai手术可安全实施,应注意在变异肝右动脉和右门静脉支之间充分游离胆总管。     

胆道闭锁患儿亲体肝移植术后急性肺损伤风险因素分析

目的 分析胆道闭锁患儿亲体肝移植术后急性肺损伤的风险因素.方法 收集天津市第一中心医院2012年5月至2016年3月实施的112例胆道闭锁患儿亲体肝移植术临床资料,回顾性分析临床因素对患儿术后急性肺损伤的影响.结果 112例胆道闭锁患儿亲体肝移植患儿术后23例发生急性肺损伤,发生率为20.5％.单因素logistic回归分析显示肺部并发症组与对照组间年龄(P=0.010)、术前白蛋白(P=0.012)、术前总胆红素(P=0.001)、术前血清肌酐(P＜0.001)、术后1周内总胆红素峰值(P=0.035)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,术前白蛋白(P=0.010,OR=0.830,可信区间为0.720～0.957)、术前总胆红素(P=0.001,OR=1.010,可信区间为1.004～1.016)及术前血清肌酐(P=0.001,OR=1.237,可信区间为1.104～1.387)是术后急性肺损伤发生的高危因素.结论 急性肺损伤是胆道闭锁患儿亲体肝移植术后的严重并发症,术前血清白蛋白、总胆红素及肌酐水平是患儿急性肺损伤发生的高危风险因素.     

Early predictors of success of Kasai operation in children with biliary atresia.

AIM: Aim of the study was the evaluation of early predictive parameters of event-free survival (not listed for liver transplantation, not transplanted, no death) in children suffering from biliary atresia after hepatoportoenterostomy (Kasai procedure) in order to optimize pretransplant management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven infants were treated with the Kasai operation at our institution over a 20-year period from 1978 until 1998. Median age at time of operation was 51 days after birth (range 19 - 180 days). Of these 67 infants, 24 children with complete datasets and an observation time of at least one year were evaluated retrospectively using a Cox regression model. The response variable was event-free survival after a median observation time of 4.9 years (1.11- 10.37 years). Six variables were entered as covariates: alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), cholinesterase activity, bilirubin, age at the time of Kasai operation and tracer excretion and uptake during hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBSS). All variables were evaluated six weeks after operation. For subsequent cut-off determination, a receiver operating analysis (ROC analysis) was carried out. RESULTS: Tracer excretion shown by HBSS showed the highest prognostic power to predict event-free survival after Kasai operation (log rank 18.68, p < 0.0001) followed by bilirubin and ALAT as further significant parameters in the first univariate step of the Cox regression model. In the subsequent multivariate step, the prognostic power of HBSS was improved only by bilirubin (log rank 24.6, p < 0.0001). The ROC analysis determined a cut-off for bilirubin concentrations of 57 micromol/l for event-free survival with a sensitivity of 80 % and a specificity of 78.6 %. The five-year event-free survival-rate was 100 % in the group with good tracer excretion and a bilirubin concentration of 57 micromol/l and 27 % for the other group (log rank test, p < 0. 0001). CONCLUSION: Early predictors of success of the Kasai operation in children with biliary atresia are free tracer excretion as shown by HBSS and a serum bilirubin concentration < 57 micromol/l six weeks after the operation. Thus, children with bilirubin concentrations above this level should be carefully and frequently monitored with regard to a transplantation requirement in order to optimize pretransplant management.     

胆道闭锁术中胆汁流量及胆汁成分的观察分析

目的 探讨胆道闭锁术中胆汁流量及成分变化与预后的关系.方法 本组对27例BA患儿行Kasai手术时,采用5 ml气体采样管收集和测量从肝门流出的胆汁.以17例胆总管囊肿患儿术中收集的胆汁作为对照组,其中测胆汁流量者7例.采用全自动生化仪检测胆汁中磷脂、总蛋白(TP)、胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆固醇(TC)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰胺转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的浓度.术后随访1～6个月,随访内容有黄疸消退时间、术后血生化、术后胆管炎发生情况.结果 BA组胆汁流量显著低于对照组(P<0.05).手术日龄>60 d的BA患儿及术前血ALT>150 U/L的BA患儿术中胆汁流量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).术中胆汁流量≥0.19 ml/min的BA患儿术后3个月退黄率显著高于术中胆汁流量<0.19 ml/min的BA患儿(P<0.05).BA组的胆汁磷脂、TBA及DBIL浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);BA组的胆汁ALT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01).术后3个月黄疸消除者的胆汁AST及TC浓度均显著低于未消除者(P<0.05).结论 BA术中胆汁流量与预后有明显的关系,患儿术中胆汁流量越好,术后的预后越好,提示术中胆汁流量可以更早地预测患儿的远期效果.BA胆汁成分的变化说明BA患儿的肝功能较差,胆汁中磷脂、TBA和DBIL浓度较低可能是肝脏分泌功能较差的表现.胆汁中的AST和TC浓度与预后有关,胆汁AST和TC浓度较低的BA患儿术后预后较好,可能是由于肝功能较好和胆汁粘度较低利于引流所致.     

Retinal neurodevelopmental assessment with electroretinogram in patients with biliary atresia

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency on the development of retinal function in children with biliary atresia (BA), we examined serum fatty acid levels and performed electororetinogram (ERG) in patients with BA. METHODS: The study group was composed of one male and four female BA patients (8-14 years) with serum bilirubin levels ranging from 0.40 to 1.48 mg/dL. All of the subjects were born as full-term infants. The fatty acid composition of total lipids in serum was analyzed by gas chromatography before the Kasai operation, approximately 10 months after the Kasai operation, and at the time of the ERG study. The ERG was recorded using corneal contact lens electrodes. RESULTS: Two of the five patients showed decreased levels of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) before and after the operation, but no abnormal findings on ERG were detected in these patients. The other three patients had decreased levels of alpha-linolenic acid or DHA after the operation, but again, no abnormalities were found on ERG. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that insufficiencies of DHA and other n-3 PUFA in full-term infants might not have an influence on later ERG results.     

Biliary atresia in Turkish children

AIM: To evaluate surgical success, survival rate and relationship of outcome parameters with time at diagnosis and operation of extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) patients in Izmir, Turkey. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed from case reports of 27 EHBA patients. Twenty-five patients were operated on using Kasai procedure and two cases received liver transplants without portoenterostomy due to decompansated liver cirrhosis on diagnosis. Post operational success was defined as clearance of jaundice (bilirubine level <2 mg/dL). Patients were studied in two groups: I (jaundice free and/or compensated liver disease with liver transplant if needed after 3 years of age) and II (progressive liver disease with death or liver transplant if needed before 3 years of age). Kasai success, age at diagnosis and operation, survival and correlation of outcome with age, preoperative liver functions were evaluated. Eight patients received liver transplants. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 63.5 days (21-212) and portoenterostomy was performed at median age of 67.5 days (25-220). Kasai operation was successful in two cases (8%) and the operation was performed at 35 and 42 days. Age at diagnosis (P = 0.13) and operation (P = 0.2) was not different between the two groups. Group I and II consisted of seven (28%) and 18 (72%) infants. Pre-existing ascites, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and globulin levels were significantly higher in group II patients (P = 0.008, P = 0.04, P = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that general practitioners should pay close attention to the evaluation of infants with prolonged jaundice in Turkey. Because of frequent late diagnosis presenting with cirrhosis at admission and also because of the low organ donation rates in Turkey, living related liver transplantation is an option and is currently undergoing detailed ethical consideration.     

Biliary atresia and liver transplantation: results and thoughts for primary liver transplantation in select patients

Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the most common indications for liver transplantation in children. Despite advances in biliary atresia surgical techniques, most children will ultimately require liver transplantation. Possible pre-operative predictors of outcome after the Kasai operation are: 1. Age at operation 2. Presence of the biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome (BASM) 3. Center specific factors 4. Liver histology and 5. Anatomic pattern of bile ducts found at surgery.Age at surgery is considered a strong predictor of success after portoenterostomy. In a recent study, age of 75 days or more at surgery was associated with less frequent resolution of jaundice and decreased transplant free survival. Similarly, the Ohi type II or III anatomy was associated with a higher risk of transplantation or death than type I. Inflammatory findings on pre-operative biopsy predicted a pooreroutcome after a Kasai procedure than obstructive changes. Nodularity of the liver at surgery as well as ascites was associated with a poorer prognosis.Primary transplantation is rarely done despite excellent outcome. Deaths on the waiting list also have improved with routine use of split and live donor transplantation. The Kasai operation has the highest failure rate in its stated objective than any other operation in pediatric surgery. Failure to achieve any improvement in jaundice occurs in over 30% of all cases, even in the best of hands, and transplantation or listing for transplantation occurs in over half the children with type II and III BA by one year of age in countries where liver transplantation is readily available.There are almost no studies in children with BA that compare the outcome after liver transplantation for BA with or without a prior Kasai procedure. It is postulated that a prospective trial in children predicted to have a poor prognosis after the Kasai procedure based on anatomic pattern, liver histology and presence of BASM, would yield improved care, spare some infants needless surgery, and quite possibly result in diminished morbidity and mortality following liver transplant.     

Long-term prognosis of patients with biliary atresia: a 25 year summary

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to delineate the long-term prognosis of biliary atresia (BA) in Taiwan. STUDY DESIGN: From 1976 to 2000, 185 children were diagnosed with BA, 22 underwent exploratory laparotomy without Kasai operation, and 163 underwent Kasai operation, of which 141 cases had long-term follow-up and formed the basis of this study. The outcome was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 141 BA children studied who underwent Kasai operation, 115 (81.6%) had recoloration of stools, and 86 (61.0%) became jaundice-free (bilirubin <34 micromol/L) [corrected]. The resolution of jaundice and the absence of repeated cholangitis contributed to better outcome. Five and 10 year survival rates with native liver were 35% and 31%, respectively. Liver transplantation was performed in 19 patients (all but 2 with a living-related donor), and 15 (79%) survived. Five and 10 year overall survival rates for BA patients were 41.9% and 40.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study delineated the long-term outcome of BA in an Asian country other than Japan. Survival with native liver after a Kasai operation in Taiwan was similar to that in the American and European series. Limited donors for liver transplantation in the years of the study accounted for the poor overall prognosis of BA patients in this series.     

胆道闭锁Kasai术后早期并发症的分析

目的 分析胆道闭锁Kasai术后早期并发症与激素抗生素治疗方案、生存预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析1994年8月至2008年8月Ⅲ型胆道闭锁Kasai术后281例临床资料.根据治疗方案分为一般治疗A组和术后大剂量激素和抗生素治疗B组.随访术后2年生存,分析早期并发症与手术日龄、术前胆红素、术后激素抗生素治疗方案、生存预后之间的关系.结果 术后共93例(33.1%)发生早期并发症,急性胆管炎最常见.无并发症与并发症相比,术前总胆红素及手术日龄无差异;危险因素分析,急性胆管炎、上消化道出血分别与术前胆红素及手术日龄无明显相关.B组并发症较A组明显降低(25.7%比63.6%,P＜0.01),其中反流性胆管炎较A组明显降低(23.9%比56.4%,P＜0.01),但术后早期消化道出血无统计学差异.2年随访率92.5%,术后2年以上存活率51.2%,早期并发症2年生存率较无早期并发症明显降低(34.4%比59.6%,P＜0.01).急性胆管炎2年生存率亦明显降低(32.9%比59.2%,P＜0.01).B组2年生存率高于A组(54.0%比40.0%,P=0.043＜0.05).结论 胆道闭锁Kasai术后早期急性胆管炎是影响术后生存的危险因素;术后大剂量应用激素和抗生素疗法明显降低早期急性胆管炎发生率,提高术后2年生存率.

Abstract：

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between early complications of Kasai operation and high-dose steroids and antibiotics and to demonstrate the prognosis of biliary atresia(BA). Methods 281 patients diagnosed with biliary atresia(BA) type Ⅲ,admitted from Aug. 1994 to Aug 2008 were retrospectively reviewed and followed up for two years. The patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group A were controls while patients in Group B were treated with high-dose steroids and antibiotics. We evaluated the relation between early complications and age at operation (days), baseline bilirubin, different treatments and 2 year survival. Results 93 patients had early complications,and cholangitis is the most common, There is no statistics difference of complications in age at operation and baseline bilirubin. The complication rate was 63. 6% in group A, and 25. 7% in group B(P＜0. 01). The cholangitis rate was 56. 4% in group A and 23. 9% in group B (P＜0. 01). Two groups showed no significant difference in digestive tract bleeding. The visit frequency rate was 92. 5%, while 2 year survival rate was 51. 2%. Patients with early complications or cholangitis have a 34. 4% or 32. 9% 2 year survival rate, while those without have a 59. 6% or 59. 2%(P＜ 0. 01). Patients with high-dose treatment in group B have a better 2 year survival rate (54. 0% vs 40. 0% ,P＜0. 05). Conclusions Early cholangitis was the risk factor of outcome after Kasai operation. These data implied that the use of high-dose steroids and antibiotics can lower the occurrence of cholangitis and elevate 2 year survival rate.     

Evaluation of a standardized protocol in the use of steroids after Kasai operation

Although the Kasai operation is still the treatment of choice for infants with biliary atresia, the long-term success rate, as defined by survival without transplantation, is only about 25-40%. It has been proposed that post-operative inflammatory changes affect the bile flow and eventually lead to cholangitis and liver failure. Recent case reports have suggested that the administration of steroids post-operatively can improve outcomes. Since 2004, our unit has adopted a strict protocol for the use of post-operative steroids for patients who undergo Kasai operation. The aim of this study is to access the early outcomes of these patients. A retrospective analysis was carried out for all patients who received Kasai operation between 1996 and 2006. For the treatment group, patients all received prednisolone at 4 mg/kg 1 week after operation as guided by protocol. The demographics and outcomes, including post operative bilirubin level, episodes of cholangitic attack, the need for early liver transplantation (transplant within 1 year of Kasai), and transplantation-free survival, were noted. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact test and unpaired t-test when appropriate. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Kasai operation was performed in 30 patients (11 boys and 19 girls) during the study period. Thirteen patients received post-operative prednisolone according to protocol. The average age at operation and the mean preoperative bilirubin levels for the steroid and non-steroid group were not significantly different. A normal post-operative bilirubin (defined as bilirubin level less than 20 mumol/L) was achieved at 6 months in 7 (53.9%) patients who received steroid and 8 (47.0%) patients who did not (P = 0.71). A statistically significant reduction in the post-operative bilirubin level was also seen at 3 and 6 months in the steroid group. Early liver transplantation was required in 5 (38.5%) patients with steroid and 5 (29.4%) patients without it (P = 0.60). No significant difference in terms of cholangitic attack was observed. There was also no steroid-associated complication reported. We conclude that lower post-operative bilirubin level can be achieved with the routine use of prednisolone. However, there is no statistical improvement in terms of early liver transplantation and cholangitis. This may be attributed to the small sample size of our study population. Based on this pilot study, a multi-centre randomized trial is needed.