鼓室硬化症的手术治疗(附136例病例分析)

目的介绍我们对鼓室硬化症的手术方法，分析不同手术治疗方法与效果的关系。方法136例鼓室硬化症病人按Wielinga等的分类方法分成四型：Ⅰ型4l例，Ⅱ型49例，Ⅲ型36例，Ⅳ型10例。鼓膜完整者56例，鼓膜干性穿孔者54例，鼓膜穿孔伴耳流脓者26例。手术前常规进行纯音测听和中耳分析，得出各型不同情况下的气骨导差均值。硬化灶的手术处理分为：（1）对Ⅰ型病例适度剔除鼓膜上的硬化灶；（2）对Ⅱ型病例多数采用单纯剔除硬化灶＋撼动听骨链的方法。少数病人切除砧骨和锤骨头，用人工听骨重建听骨链；（3）Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型病例，一律将砧骨和锤骨头切除，清除上鼓室病灶，采用PORP或TORP重建听骨链。对镫骨底板不活动的病例，采用特氟隆活塞型人工镫骨重建听骨连接；对于镫骨底板不活动而炎症尚未控制者。行二期镫骨小窗手术。结果由于术后流脓以及听骨赝复物脱出等原因，总失败率为10．29％。剔除失败病例后，术后1年的纯音测听结果与术前比较有明显改善：Ⅰ型病例气骨导差平均改善13．75dB，Ⅱ型平均改善22．93dB，Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型平均改善29．14dB，所有病例听力均恢复到实用水平。结论手术处理是治疗鼓室硬化症的主要手段，手术方式则根据病变累及的范围和程度决定。根据我们的资料，对Ⅱ型以上的鼓室硬化症均可采用听骨赝复物重建听骨链，且采用人工听骨赝复的远期效果较好。     

鼓室成形术治疗不同类型鼓室硬化患者的近期疗效分析

目的探讨鼓室成形术治疗不同类型鼓室硬化患者的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年2月至2011年2月间有完整资料且随访半年以上、经鼓室成形术治疗的33例鼓室硬化患者(I型8例,II型9例,III型2例,IV型14例)的临床资料,其中8例行鼓室探查+鼓膜成形术,25例行开放式乳突根治+鼓室成形术,以言语频率气导平均听力改善15dB以上或达应用听力水平为手术成功标准,评估其疗效。结果 33例患者术前言语频率气导平均听阈为54.09±9.76dB HL;术后半年随访时平均听阈为38.85±8.42dB HL,总手术成功率为63.64%(21/33),其中鼓室探查+鼓膜成形术8例中4例(50%)手术成功,开放式乳突根治+鼓室成形术25例中17例(68%)手术成功。结论鼓室成形术是治疗鼓室硬化的有效手术方法,开放式乳突根治+鼓室成形术能有效清除听骨链周围不同范围的硬化灶。     

手术治疗鼓室硬化症

目的　介绍鼓室硬化症的手术方法及手术体会。方法　回顾性分析152耳鼓室硬化症患者的临床资料,152耳均清除全部或部分硬化灶,并进行听骨链重建,出院 3个月后复查1次,6个月～1年内复查第2次,以最后1次作为随访结果（取0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz语言频率均数）。结果  以术后气导听力提高15 dB且气骨导差小于20 dB视为成功,以术后气导听力提高15 dB视为有效,成功率为46.7%,有效率为71.1%。结论　手术治疗鼓室硬化症的疗效可靠,应成为主要治疗手段。同期听骨链重建的患者采用切除砧骨、锤骨头、听小骨植入的III型鼓室成形术,二期采用镫骨底板切除、全人工听骨植入术后听力优于底板打孔、人工镫骨植入术后听力。     

闭合式鼓室成形术

目的 探讨闭合式鼓室成形术的应用价值。方法 保留外耳道后壁，在外耳道后壁后方，经乳突筛区进入鼓窦，向后扩大乳突气房创口，然后从外耳道后壁的前上方，进入并扩大鼓窦人口角取出砧骨和槌骨，彻底清除中耳鼓室人口角，乳突腔及中鼓室病灶，重建听骨链和鼓膜。结果 在34耳中有32耳鼓膜获Ⅰ期愈合，2耳获次期愈合。听力提高总有效率达82．4％。经3～6年的追踪观察，有8例出现鼓室牯连，听力下降至术前水平，仍有58．8％的患者听力较术前提高。结论 此法对病灶仅局限于中耳、上鼓室或鼓窦的慢性中耳乳突炎是可取的。手术必须在显微镜下操作，才能彻底清除病灶。术中探通咽鼓管、术后暂时性保留乳突腔的引流口很重要。     

上鼓室胆脂瘤的临床治疗分析

目的分析胆脂瘤型中耳炎局限于上鼓室的临床表现与治疗方法。方法对186例(186耳)局限性上鼓室胆脂瘤型中耳炎行上鼓室开放术,据胆脂瘤侵蚀范围和听骨链受累情况分别进行处理。胆脂瘤未累及锤、砧关节,单纯去除胆脂瘤,保留听骨链完整性共89例。胆脂瘤侵蚀锤、砧关节共97例,清除胆脂瘤后,还要切除病变的锤骨头或砧骨,用人工听小骨架桥于锤骨柄与镫骨头之间重建听骨链。97例患者均用乳突皮质骨重建上鼓室外侧壁,颞筋膜修复鼓膜松弛部穿孔。结果 186例患者随诊1～3年,所有病例上鼓室外侧壁及鼓膜松弛部愈合良好。术后气骨导差<10 dB者32例,<20 dB者108例,<30 dB者39例,30 dB以上5例。该组病例声音传导功能基本保留或恢复,术后随访听力基本稳定,无胆脂瘤复发。结论上鼓室胆脂瘤在早期治疗的同时,据听骨链的受损情况进行听骨链重建手术,既可彻底清除病灶,又能保留和恢复听觉功能。     

鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎术式的选择

目的：探讨鼓室成形术不同术式治疗各理亏是性化脓性中耳炎（ＣＳＯＭ）的手术疗效。方法：对１８９耳ＣＳＯＭ患者分别单纯鼓膜修补术、病灶清除＋听骨链成形＋鼓膜修补术。结果：鼓膜穿孔愈合率达９９％以上，听力有不同程度提高。结论：对不同类型的ＣＳＯＭ应采用不同术式的鼓室成形术，病变愈单纯，术后呼力改善愈佳，能适应较简单手术者，效果较佳。凡鼓室成形术，均应行鼓室探查。     

HRCT对鼓室硬化术前诊断的价值

目的探讨高分辨率CT(HRCT)对鼓室硬化术前诊断的价值。方法将确诊的62例鼓室硬化患者的HRCT表现与术中所见实际情况对比。结果 33例HRCT表现为鼓窦及入口、上中鼓室的异常硬化灶或密度不均的高密度影,听骨链结构紊乱或被硬化灶包裹为主,10例仅表现为穿孔鼓膜的增厚钙化,鼓室内未发现钙化灶,这43例HRCT表现与术中探查情况和术前诊断一致;8例诊断为其他疾病(误诊),其中胆脂瘤合并硬化4例,粘连性中耳炎合并硬化3例,慢性分泌性中耳炎合并硬化1例,影像学表现均以软组织影或听骨链及骨质破坏为主;漏诊11例,其中9例因传导性聋行手术探查,2例为单纯鼓膜钙化,这11例HRCT均无明显异常。结论颞骨HRCT对明确鼓室硬化的术前诊断及病变范围很有价值的同时也存在一定局限性。     

改良乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建与鼓室成形

目的 探讨改良乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建与鼓室成形的可行性.方法 37例(37耳)已行改良乳突根治术且听力为传导聋的患者,采用耳甲腔或耳甲艇软骨和带血管蒂的颞肌筋膜瓣重建外耳道后壁,同期耳屏软骨软骨膜复合物连同听骨链重建鼓室成形.结果 37耳均获得接近正常解剖生理的外耳道,术后3～4周干耳,用耳屏软骨软骨膜复合物修补的鼓膜愈合佳,形态正常.行听力重建的32耳术后听力骨气导差较术前平均缩小了27 dB(500、1000、2000、4000 kz的均值).其中获得完整资料的病例有27耳,随访1～3年,听力结果 稳定.结论对镫骨底板未固定、鼓室未上皮化、耳咽管功能良好的改良乳突根治术后患者,手术重建外耳道后壁及鼓室成形可获得较好的临床效果.     

改良乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建与鼓室成形

目的 探讨改良乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建与鼓室成形的可行性.方法 37例(37耳)已行改良乳突根治术且听力为传导聋的患者,采用耳甲腔或耳甲艇软骨和带血管蒂的颞肌筋膜瓣重建外耳道后壁,同期耳屏软骨软骨膜复合物连同听骨链重建鼓室成形.结果 37耳均获得接近正常解剖生理的外耳道,术后3～4周干耳,用耳屏软骨软骨膜复合物修补的鼓膜愈合佳,形态正常.行听力重建的32耳术后听力骨气导差较术前平均缩小了27 dB(500、1000、2000、4000 kz的均值).其中获得完整资料的病例有27耳,随访1～3年,听力结果 稳定.结论对镫骨底板未固定、鼓室未上皮化、耳咽管功能良好的改良乳突根治术后患者,手术重建外耳道后壁及鼓室成形可获得较好的临床效果.     

改良乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建与鼓室成形

目的 探讨改良乳突根治术后外耳道后壁重建与鼓室成形的可行性.方法 37例(37耳)已行改良乳突根治术且听力为传导聋的患者,采用耳甲腔或耳甲艇软骨和带血管蒂的颞肌筋膜瓣重建外耳道后壁,同期耳屏软骨软骨膜复合物连同听骨链重建鼓室成形.结果 37耳均获得接近正常解剖生理的外耳道,术后3～4周干耳,用耳屏软骨软骨膜复合物修补的鼓膜愈合佳,形态正常.行听力重建的32耳术后听力骨气导差较术前平均缩小了27 dB(500、1000、2000、4000 kz的均值).其中获得完整资料的病例有27耳,随访1～3年,听力结果 稳定.结论对镫骨底板未固定、鼓室未上皮化、耳咽管功能良好的改良乳突根治术后患者,手术重建外耳道后壁及鼓室成形可获得较好的临床效果.     

Tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain: mobility of the stapes in association with hearing results

CONCLUSION: The preoperative bone conduction level provides not only prognostic information but also information on the mobility of the stapes in tympanosclerosis. The surgical results depend upon the stapes mobility. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate operative findings and hearing results of tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain, in order to understand the pathophysiology and to establish better surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and March 2004, 29 patients (29 ears) with tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain underwent tympanoplasty at our hospital. Patients with myringosclerosis only, or with an associated cholesteatoma, were excluded from this study. The clinical and operational records and pre- and postoperative pure tone audiograms were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Intact canal wall tympanoplasty was applied to all 29 patients. A non-staged operation was performed on 21 patients, and a staged operation was performed on the remaining 8 patients. In 25 patients (86.2%), the sclerotic lesion of the ossicles was located in the epitympanum. In the remaining four, the sclerotic lamella coated only the ossicular chain. On average, the preoperative air conduction hearing level of 57.9 dB was significantly improved to 46.3 dB after tympanoplasty. The success rate of middle ear surgery was 65.5% (19 of 29 patients), according to the criteria of the Otological Society of Japan. In 16 patients (55.2%), the mobility of the stapes was preserved (group A), while in the remaining 13 patients (44.8%), the stapes was fixed (group B). The mean preoperative bone conduction of 25.5 dB in group A was significantly better than that of 37.2 dB in group B. The hearing result significantly improved in group A but not in group B. The success rates were 75% (12 of 16 patients) in group A and 53.8% (7 of 13 patients) in group B.     

鼓室硬化病变程度与影像学及听力学相关性分析

目的探讨高分辨cT影像、术前听力在鼓室硬化的诊断、术前评估听骨链完整性及镫骨活动度中的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术证实的81例鼓室硬化患者术前颞骨高分辨CT影像资料、术前听力平均气骨导差、术中硬化灶分布及听骨链完整性、镫骨活动度等数据,进行Spearson秩相关分析及Logistic回归分析。结果高分辨CT影像与术中所见符合率87.7％,平均气骨导差与听骨链完整性相关系数r=-0．407,P〈0．01：镫骨病灶与镫骨活动度r=-0．287,P〈0．01;镫骨显影与镫骨活动度r=0．480,P〈0．01：平均气骨导差与镫骨活动度r=-0．265,P〈0．05;Logistic回归分析提示在调整混杂因素后,平均气骨导差在镫骨周围病灶、听骨链完整性、镫骨活动度、硬化灶与听骨粘连中仍有明显差异,有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论颞骨高分辨CT影像可以清晰显示鼓膜和鼓室内的硬化斑块,平均气骨导差可以大致判断听骨链完整性、镫骨活动度情况,为术前评估病变程度、制定手术方案具有指导意义。     

Tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain: mobility of the stapes in association with hearing results

Conclusion. The preoperative bone conduction level provides not only prognostic information but also information on the mobility of the stapes in tympanosclerosis. The surgical results depend upon the stapes mobility.

Objectives. We aimed to evaluate operative findings and hearing results of tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain, in order to understand the pathophysiology and to establish better surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis.

Patients and methods. Between January 1998 and March 2004, 29 patients (29 ears) with tympanosclerosis involving the ossicular chain underwent tympanoplasty at our hospital. Patients with myringosclerosis only, or with an associated cholesteatoma, were excluded from this study. The clinical and operational records and pre- and postoperative pure tone audiograms were reviewed retrospectively.

Results. Intact canal wall tympanoplasty was applied to all 29 patients. A non-staged operation was performed on 21 patients, and a staged operation was performed on the remaining 8 patients. In 25 patients (86.2%), the sclerotic lesion of the ossicles was located in the epitympanum. In the remaining four, the sclerotic lamella coated only the ossicular chain. On average, the preoperative air conduction hearing level of 57.9 dB was significantly improved to 46.3 dB after tympanoplasty. The success rate of middle ear surgery was 65.5% (19 of 29 patients), according to the criteria of the Otological Society of Japan. In 16 patients (55.2%), the mobility of the stapes was preserved (group A), while in the remaining 13 patients (44.8%), the stapes was fixed (group B). The mean preoperative bone conduction of 25.5 dB in group A was significantly better than that of 37.2 dB in group B. The hearing result significantly improved in group A but not in group B. The success rates were 75% (12 of 16 patients) in group A and 53.8% (7 of 13 patients) in group B.     

手术治疗鼓室硬化症67耳

为了进一步讨论鼓室硬化症的手术效果，报告对鼓室硬化症６７耳行鼓室成型临床手术成功率为７２．９％，其中Ⅰ型与Ⅱ，Ⅲ型术后听力的改善率无显著差别。     

持续灌流模式耳内镜下Ⅲ、Ⅳ型鼓室硬化症手术疗效分析

目的 探讨采用持续灌流耳内镜手术模式(CIM-EES)一期鼓室成形术治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ型鼓室硬化症的临床疗效.方法 2019.3-2020.9对17例(21耳)Ⅲ、Ⅳ型鼓室硬化症患者,在持续灌流模式耳内镜下采用外嵌法,一期行Ⅱ型鼓室成形术,观察分析手术时间,鼓膜愈合成功率,并比较术前及术后6个月平均气、骨导听阈(PTA)及气骨...     

Surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis

During the 5-year period (1971-1976), 45 patients at the Shea Clinic underwent reconstructive surgery for tympanosclerosis. The most common ossicular chain problem was found to be malleus and incus fixation (33%); malleus, incus, and stapes fixation (22%); and stapes fixation (13%). The most successful reconstructive approaches included removal of tympanosclerosis from tympanic membrane or isolated plaque from ossicular chain, the use of the Partial Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis (PORP), and the Total Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis (TORP).     

耳内镜下听骨链重建探讨及初步疗效观察

目的探讨耳内镜下进行听骨链重建术的可行性。方法对1998年5月至2011年2月应用耳内镜(直径2.7mm,视角为0°或30°)行听骨链重建的52例病人进行回顾性分析,并对其近期疗效初步评估。结果 52例患者全部顺利在耳内镜下完成手术,其中耳硬化症25例,鼓室硬化症19例,听骨链部分缺损8例。耳硬化症患者4例采用镫骨底板部分切除,21例采用小窗技术,7例无需外道后上壁盾板切除,即可在内镜下完成手术。鼓室硬化症8例去除病灶行镫骨撼动,11例切除砧骨及镫骨上结构,采用TORP或Piston进行听骨链重建。听骨链部分缺损采用TORP或PORP人工听骨连接,重建听骨链。经随访6个月以上的病例有40例,其中35例术后听力有明显改善,骨气导差在15dB以内,近期疗效满意。结论根据初步临床应用观察,认为耳内镜可以用于听骨链重建手术,尤其是耳硬化症患者。其优点是创伤小,恢复快,缺点是耳内镜下进行单手精细操作有一定难度,对于外耳道狭窄者不适宜。     

Bone Cement Reconstruction of the Ossicular Chain: A Preliminary Report

Objective: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of using a bone cement, Oto-Cem, to reconstruct the ossicular chain. Study Design: Prospective clinical trial on nine consecutively chosen adult patients with ossicular chain defects. Patients and Setting: Nine patients with ossicular chain defects involving the long process of the incus were treated at the Carolina Ear and Hearing Clinic. The ossicular chain was reconstructed using bone cement by itself or in conjunction with a stapes prosthesis. Main Outcome Measures: Preoperative audiograms were compared with audiograms 3, 6, and 12 months after reconstruction. Results: There was a mean pure-tone average (PTA) improvement of 15 dB in patients undergoing incus to stapes suprastructure reconstruction with the bone cement. The incus to mobile footplate reconstruction (using a stapes prosthesis attached to the newly reconstructed incus) resulted in a 34-dB PTA postoperative improvement. Two of the three patients with incus to oval window repairs experienced a 10-dB improvement in PTA. One of the three patients experienced a loss in speech discrimination and a 2-dB loss in PTA. Conclusions: Despite the limited number of patients, this preliminary study demonstrates the effectiveness of Oto-Cem in reconstructing a foreshortened incus. There was a substantial hearing improvement in all but one patient in the incus to stapes or the incus to footplate categories.     

Surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To report the hearing results of the surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of surgically treated cases of tympanosclerosis. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: One hundred fifteen patients with middle ear tympanosclerosis operated on between 1987 and 1996, with an average age of 36 years (range 18-59 years). Cases were classified into four groups according to Wielinga and Kerr. Those with an associated cholesteatoma were excluded. INTERVENTION: Depending on the ossicular status, either mobilization of the major ossicles or epitympanic bypass procedure, mobilization of the stapes or stapedectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The postoperative pure-tone average was compared with the preoperative levels by use of conventional audiometry. The air-bone gap was measured. RESULTS: The average postoperative air-bone gap was 18.0+/-10.21 dB in the type II group (attic fixation of the malleus-incus complex with a mobile stapes). 21.8+/-9.5 dB in the type III group (mobile malleus-incus complex, if present, with stapes footplate fixation), and 22.92+/-10.03 dB in the type IV group (fixation of both the stapes footplate and the malleus-incus complex). Patients with a fixed malleus and mobile stapes had significantly better hearing results than those with stapes fixation (p = 0.042, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSION: In ossicular attic fixation, atticotomy and mobilization of ossicles yielded better results than did the epitympanic bypass procedure. The difference, however, did not reach statistical significance. Patients with fixed stapes treated with stapedectomy displayed good hearing results immediately after surgery, but the air-bone gap deteriorated after some time.