医用电子直线加速器的防护

文章论述了使用医用电子直线加速器时采取辐射防护措施的必要性,提示了使用与维修加速器等方面必须遵循的一些基本原则.     

关于放疗医学技师使用VARIAN 23EX直线加速器操作注意事项的报告

目的：通过放射治疗医学技师（Radiation Therapist）使用VARIAN23EX直线加速器的体会引申放疗技师专业培训的重要性。方法：自2006年5月至8月使用VARIAN23EX直线加速器治疗肿瘤患者。结果：于使用过程中发现放疗技师高素质培训对加速器临床使用获益匪浅。结论：对放疗医学技师进行高质量专业培训是保证放射治疗精确进行的重要前提.     

关于放疗医学技师使用VARIA N23EX直线加速器注意事项的报告

目的：通过放射治疗医学技师（Radiation Therapist）使用VARIAN23EX直线加速器的体会引申放疗技师专业培训的重要性。方法：自2006年5月至8目使用VARIAN23EX直线加速器治疗肿瘤患者。结果：干使用过程中发现放疗技师高素质培训对加速器临床使用获益匪浅。结论：对放疗医学技师进行高质量专业培训是保证放射治疗精确进行的重要前提。     

关于医院内加速器生产的放射性药剂临床前阶段安全性评价的指针

一、前言日本同位素协会医学、药学部加速器核医学利用专门委员会制订了关于(1)医疗设施或医学研究设施内加速器生产的超短半衰期核素的临床应用指针;(2)关于医院内加速器放射性药剂的指针;(3)关于医院加速器放射性药剂的临床使用指针;(4)加速器核医学利用专门委员会批准为成熟技术的放射性药剂的基准和临床应用指针。作为药剂必须在临床前阶段验证其“有效性”和“安全性”,但医院内制剂的放射     

共用机房后装机屏蔽罩的设计

我院BJ-6B型医用电子直线加速器与HY-HDR18型高剂量率近距离后装治疗机共用一个机房，因加速器与后装机分时使用，加速器的能量(6MeV)远高于后装机(铱-192)的能量(7平均能量为380KeV)，所以按标准加速器机房屏蔽要求设计。加速器与后装机共用和非共用机房的最主要区别是：接受加速器放疗的患者(含头部、体部X刀治疗患者)和放疗技术人员与后装放射源(平时不治疗病人时^192Ir在后装机的储源罐中)接触的时间大大增加。笔者设计、制成后装机屏蔽罩，增加了10mm铅防护，加大了防护的安全系数。现将制作过程介绍如下：     

医用加速器的X射线与电子束表面剂量的测定

国际电工委员会（ＩＥＣ）９７６号报告《医用电子加速器性能特征》和中华人民共和国国家标准ＧＢ１５２１３９４《医用加速器性能和实验方法》中明确规定,对医用电子直线加速器产生的Ｘ射线与电子束的表面吸收剂量（即介质中０５ｍｍ处的吸收剂量）使用平行板电离...     

医用加速器“挡束块”的辐射屏蔽作用

随着我国经济发展，医疗事业进步，一些医疗单位放疗科使用医用加速器替代^60Co远距离治疗机(简称^60Co治疗机)。笔者单位拟装备VARIAN2100医用加速器，最大加速电压10MV。如果在医用加速器初级x射线(有用射线束)方向装置一个射线挡束块(Beam Stop Block)(也可以将加速器配重改装成挡束块)，挡束块由计算机实现自动连锁控制，能     

江苏省31台医用加速器输出剂量荧光玻璃剂量计核查研究

目的:使用荧光玻璃剂量计(radiophoto luminescent glass dosimeter, RPLGD)对开展放疗的医疗机构的医用加速器输出剂量进行核查,并评估加速器放疗剂量的准确性和RPLGD作为剂量核查工具的实效。方法:首先采用立意抽样法在江苏省抽取了放疗机构人员配合度较好及医用加速器治疗患者数量较多的3个地级市,再采用简单随机抽样法从所选3个市的全部放疗机构中抽取了31家放疗机构,最后每家各抽取1台医用加速器开展剂量核查。剂量核查采用RPLGD结合30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm标准照射水箱,在照射野10 cm × 10 cm、源距离模体表面距离为100 cm、水下10 cm中心处,给予剂量计2 Gy吸收剂量照射。照射完成后测量并计算剂量偏差,判断其是否在±5%的合格水平内,并运用非参数检验方法分析不同厂家、安装年代、设区市加速器的偏差差异。结果:31家机构的31台医用加速器的相对偏差范围为－16.9% ~2.0%,其中有28台合格,占90.3%。随后对剂量偏差唯一超过±10%的加速器进行跟踪复查,该机器复查的剂量偏差也在±5%内。对剂量偏差超过±5%的两台加速器使用电离室复测,两台机器复测的剂量偏差在±3%内。此外,非参数检验结果显示不同厂家、安装年代、设区市加速器的剂量偏差结果差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。 结论:江苏省此次核查加速器的剂量偏差水平与以往结果基本一致,但与发达国家水平还存在差距。RPLGD作为输出剂量核查工具是可行的,后续可扩大RPLGD核查覆盖面,进一步通过剂量核查工作推动放射治疗质量发展。     

心血管核医学中的放射药物

近年来,心放射描记测定(Radiocardiography)巳经成为核医学检查方法,它应归功于相应的放射药物和核医学仪器的飞速发展。几年前有些加速器生产的核素,纯度不够,产量不大,由于许多短寿命放射核素的生产工艺和快速标记技术的改进,现已能常规使用了。具有大功率和多种轰击粒子的医用加速器设备也扩大了短寿命和超短寿命放射核素的使用范围。这些放射核素和新合成的放射药物用于心肌显像和心肌组织功能测定,进一步为核医学对心脏的评     

术中放疗的吸收剂量测算方法的研究

目的 研究和比较水、固体水及有机玻璃3种模体的术中放疗吸收剂量的测算方法。方法 对于3种模体,使用固定在水模体中的电离室对加速器的电子速术中放疗限光筒进行吸收剂量的测算,首先选定参考限光筒对所有能量的电子束在源皮距SSD=100cm,水模内射束中心轴上特定深度,通过调整加速器使1cGy=1MU,然后使用术中放疗及参考限光筒在相同的辐照条件下进行测量,即测量术中放疗限光筒的输出因数,对于水模体,计算出各限光筒的吸收剂量cGy对应的加速器输出MU数值,并据此计算出固体水模体和有机玻璃模体的各限光筒吸收剂量cGy对应的加速器输出的MU数值,结果 相对于水模体,有机玻璃模体的测量误差为0.27%,固体水为0.45%。结论 对没有专用测量水箱和固体水的医院使用有机玻璃模体进行吸收剂量的测量不失为一种切实可行的方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.