重组人干扰素α-2b雾化治疗联合人免疫球蛋白治疗新生儿合胞病毒性肺炎的临床疗效研究

目的 探讨重组人干扰素α-2b雾化治疗联合人免疫球蛋白治疗新生儿合胞病毒性肺炎的临床疗效研究。方法 选取2018年2月-2021年2月在本院住院就诊的合胞病毒性肺炎新生儿120例,按照随机数字表法将患儿分为观察组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组使用重组人干扰素α-2b雾化治疗7d,观察组在治疗组的基础上联合给予静注用人免疫球蛋白持续治疗3d。观察两组患者的临床疗效、哮鸣音持续时间、咳嗽持续时间、喘憋持续时间、血清IgE和T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+水平和药物不良反应。结果 观察组的临床有效率为95.00%,对照组的临床有效率为90.00%,两组患者的临床有效率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组的哮鸣音持续时间、咳嗽持续时间、喘憋持续时间比对照组明显更短,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者的血清IgE水平都降低,T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+水平升高,且观察组的幅度更大（P<0.05）。两组患者在住院期间都未发生严重的药物不良反应。结论 重组人干扰素α-2b雾化联合人免疫球蛋白治疗新生儿合胞病毒性肺炎没有显著提升临床疗效,但是可以明显缩短哮鸣音持续时间、咳嗽...     

重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂预防军人呼吸道病毒感染的现场试验

目的 评价重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂(远策素)预防常见呼吸道病毒感染的效果。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照方法，在新兵和军校学员中进行实验研究。用药组共402人，对照组402人。结果 用药组应用干扰素后副流感病毒1、2、3型、A型流感病毒、B型流感病毒、腺病毒3、7型和呼吸道合胞病毒IgM抗体阳性率均低于对照组。其中新兵用药组和对照组PIV1．2．3血清抗体阳性率分别为4．5％和16．4％，Flu B分别为3．6％和13．6％，ADV分别为17．3％和31．8％，两组3种病毒感染率差异均有显著性(P=0．004，0．007，0．012)。学员用药组和对照组PIV1．2．31gM抗体阳性率分别为4．7％和11．9％，FluB两组抗体阳性率分别为6．7％和14．9％，差异均有显著性(P=0．007，0．003)。本药物对新兵和学员5种呼吸道病毒的平均保护率由大到小依次为PIV1．2．3(65．2％)、FluB(59．6％)、RSV(42．1％)、ADV(38．6％)和FluA(36．5％)，平均50．7％。结论 重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂能不同程度地降低用药人群常见呼吸道病毒的感染率。     

重组人干扰素预防新兵急性呼吸道病毒感染的经济学分析

目的 评价重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂预防新兵急性呼吸道病毒感染的效果和经济效益,为军队人群寻求经济有效的预防呼吸道病毒感染策略提供参考.方法 采用随机、对照、双盲的平行试验设计,以不同地区的1499名新兵为研究对象进行药物效果的评价,采用成本-效果分析(CEA)、成本-效益分析(CBA)对药物的经济学价值进行评估.结果...     

重组人干扰素治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效观察

目的 观察重组人干扰素-α1b治疗毛细支气炎的疗效.方法 将160例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为两组,两组均给予常规治疗.此外观察组加用重组人干扰素-α1b治疗,对照组给予利巴韦林治疗.观察两组患儿临床症状体征改善情况及消失的天数.结果 两组治疗后,患儿体温、喘憋、咳嗽、肺部啰音改善比较,差异均有统计学意义(t分别为1.832、2.761、2.650、2.526,均P<0.05).结论 重组人干扰素-α1b治疗毛细支气管炎能明显缩短发热、咳嗽、喘憋、肺部啰音消失的时间,疗效优于利巴韦林.     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染的药物治疗

目的探讨研究呼吸道合胞病毒感染药物治疗的方法和疗效。方法选取2011年6月至2012年6月我医院收治的132例呼吸道合胞病毒感染患者,将其随机分为3组,分为分别给药病毒唑、干扰素和炎琥宁,回顾性分析三组患者的临床资料,比较这3种药物抗病毒的疗效以及住院天数和临床症状的差别。结果 3种药物对呼吸道合胞病毒感染进行治疗时所取得的疗效和临床症状表现并无明显的差异,只是炎琥宁治疗组的气喘消失天数远少于病毒唑治疗组。结论呼吸道合胞病毒感染不仅会引起毛细支气管炎和合胞病毒肺炎,而且还会以支气管炎和上呼吸道感染形式表现出来,在对其进行医治时应把握对症治疗的原则。     

重组干扰素α1b治疗小儿病毒感染性腹泻的疗效研究

目的评价重组干扰素α1b治疗小儿病毒感染性腹泻的疗效。方法选取从2013年2月至2014年2月于我院接受治疗的492例病毒感染性腹泻患儿作为病例资料,随机分为研究组和对照组两组,每组各246例。其中对照组患儿未给予任何抗病毒治疗,研究组患儿采用重组干扰素α1b进行治疗,观察记录两组患儿治疗前后止泻时间、退热时间、住院时间以及疗效并进行比较。结果研究组患儿的退热时间、止泻时间、住院时间均少于对照组,差异均有显著统计学意义（P＜0．01）;治疗后研究组患儿总有效率为82．5％,对照组为43．5％,两组比较差畀有显著统计学意义（P=0．000）。结论重组干扰素α1b治疗小儿病毒感染性腹泻效果显著,患儿住院时间短、不良反应少,适合临床推广应用。     

太原地区正常儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的调查

太原地区正常儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的调查山西省卫生防疫站（太原０３００１２）贾芙蓉，芦天林，马建瑞，吴立平，常一华米尔英（指导）山西省呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）毛细支气管炎、肺炎疑似病例每年冬春季常有发生，并于１９８４年在太原地区得到了病原学证实［１］...     

重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂外用治疗手足口病的疗效观察

目的观察外用重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂治疗手足口病的临床疗效。方法对90例手足口病患儿随机分成两组,所有患儿均口服维生素C、利巴韦林颗粒和板蓝根等口服抗病毒药。体温超过38.5℃者给予退热药或物理降温。重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂治疗组给予重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂外用喷于患儿疱疹处,每天三四次,连用7 d。另一组外用阿昔洛韦软膏。每2 h 1次,每日6次,连用7 d。结果重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂治疗组和阿昔洛韦软膏治疗组对比发热和皮疹消退时间短,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂外用治疗手足口病取得较为满意效果,疗效确切。     

重组人干扰素-α1b治疗流行性腮腺炎临床观察

干扰索具有抗病毒和免疫调节双重作用已经得到众多学者的公认。我们于2002年3月-2004年6月应用干扰素-α1b治疗流行性腮腺炎80例取得良好疗效，现报道如下。     

LEEP联合重组人干扰素α-2b栓治疗宫颈糜烂临床疗效观察

目的:观察LEEP刀联合重组人干扰素α-2b栓治疗宫颈糜烂的临床效果。方法:将120例宫颈糜烂患者随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,均予LEEP切除术,术后观察组给予重组人干扰素α-2b栓治疗。结果:两组有效率均达100%,观察组治愈率(93.3%)显著高于对照组(76.7%)(P<0.05);观察组术后创面恢复时间显著短于对照组(P<0.01),术后并发症发生率(5.0%)显著低于对照组(20.0%)(P<0.05)。结论 LEEP联合重组人干扰素α-2b栓治疗宫颈糜烂疗效可靠,愈合时间短,术后并发症少,值得推广。     

592例呼吸道感染住院患儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染研究

目的 对592例呼吸道感染住院儿童进行呼吸道合胞病毒(HRSV)感染监测及亚型鉴定,探讨其流行规律.方法 于2010年3月至2011年2月间采集四川大学妇女儿童医院因呼吸道感染住院儿童的鼻咽抽吸物,使用RT-PCR方法检测HRSV及鉴定亚型,收集病历资料进行统计分析.结果 592份呼吸道鼻咽抽吸物检出HRSV感染145份(24.5％),其中A亚型107份(73.8％),B亚型38份(26.2％).HRSV感染高峰季节在冬季,患儿年龄多为2岁以内,临床诊断以肺炎和支气管炎为主;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析表明年龄、季节和潜在基础性疾病对病毒感染有影响,年龄2岁以下、感染季节冬季和潜在基础性疾病是HRSV感染的危险因素.结论 HRSV是2010～2011年四川婴幼儿呼吸道感染的主要病原之一,A亚型毒株在此流行期占优势地位.四川HRSV感染监测结果为全国HRSV流行病学研究积累了资料.     

Animal models of respiratory syncytial virus infection

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease and hospitalisation of infants, worldwide, and is also responsible for significant morbidity in adults and excess deaths in the elderly. There is no licensed hRSV vaccine or effective therapeutic agent. However, there are a growing number of hRSV vaccine candidates that have been developed targeting different populations at risk of hRSV infection. Animal models of hRSV play an important role in the preclinical testing of hRSV vaccine candidates and although many have shown efficacy in preclinical studies, few have progressed to clinical trials or they have had only limited success. This is, at least in part, due to the lack of animal models that fully recapitulate the pathogenesis of hRSV infection in humans. This review summarises the strengths and limitations of animal models of hRSV, which include those in which hRSV is used to infect non-human mammalian hosts, and those in which non-human pneumoviruses, such as bovine (b)RSV and pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) are studied in their natural host.Apart from chimpanzees, other non-human primates (NHP) are only semi-permissive for hRSV replication and experimental infection with large doses of virus result in little or no clinical signs of disease, and generally only mild pulmonary pathology. Other animal models such as cotton rats, mice, ferrets, guinea pigs, hamsters, chinchillas, and neonatal lambs are also only semi-permissive for hRSV. Nevertheless, mice and cotton rats have been of value in the development of monoclonal antibody prophylaxis for infants at high risk of severe hRSV infection and have provided insights into mechanisms of immunity to and pathogenesis of hRSV. However, the extent to which they predict hRSV vaccine efficacy and safety is unclear and several hRSV vaccine candidates that are completely protective in rodent models are poorly effective in chimpanzees and other NHP, such as African Green monkeys. Furthermore, interpretation of findings from many rodent and NHP models of vaccine-enhanced hRSV disease has been confounded by sensitisation to non-viral antigens present in the vaccine and challenge virus.Studies of non-human pneumoviruses in their native hosts are more likely to reflect the pathogenesis of natural hRSV infection, and experimental infection of calves with bRSV and of mice with PVM result in clinical disease and extensive pulmonary pathology. These animal models have not only been of value in studies on mechanisms of immunity to and the pathogenesis of pneumovirus infections but have also been used to evaluate hRSV vaccine concepts. Furthermore, the similarities between the epidemiology of bRSV in calves and hRSV in infants and the high level of genetic and antigenic similarity between bRSV and hRSV, make the calf model of bRSV infection a relevant model for preclinical evaluation of hRSV vaccine candidates which contain proteins that are conserved between hRSV and bRSV.     

婴儿呼吸道合胞病毒急性下呼吸道感染的相关因素分析

目的：探究影响婴儿呼吸道合胞病毒急性下呼吸道感染的相关因素。方法选取2013年7月至2014年7月于浙江省金华市浦江县人民医院住院的急性下呼吸道感染（ ALRI）患儿1540例，根据浙江省金华市浦江县人民医院呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）检测结果，将患儿分为RSV阳性组（n＝816）和RSV阴性组（n＝724）两组，对比两组患者的性别、年龄、出生体重、胎龄、发病季节、合并基础疾病、合并先心病、居住人口、家庭月收入、母乳喂养、家庭吸烟、妊娠合并糖尿病、妊娠合并高血压、孕母特应性疾病等。结果多因素分析发现，秋冬季节发病（OR＝1．579，95％CI＝1．172～2．127）、合并先心病（OR＝1．317，95％CI＝1．028～1．685）、孕母特应性疾病（OR＝1．802，95％CI＝1．235～2．631）是婴儿RSV相关ALRI的危险因素，而家庭月收入≥10千元（OR＝0．679，95％CI＝0．499～0．924）是其保护因素。结论秋冬季节发病、合并先心病、孕母特应性疾病的婴儿RSV相关ALRI发病率高，而家庭月收入≥10千元的家庭RSV相关ALRI发病率低。     

新生儿呼吸合胞病毒下呼吸道感染临床分析

目的探讨新生儿呼吸合胞病毒下呼吸道感染的临床特点。方法选取2008年5月-2011年4月,在医院进行治疗的呼吸合胞病毒下呼吸道感染260例新生儿为研究对象,对其采用氧疗、雾化吸入及抗病毒、抗菌药物治疗,后将其治疗有效率、住院时间及治疗前后的血清IL-4、IL-6、IL-12、CRP、IgE及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平进行统计比较。结果 260例患儿痊愈239例,好转20例,无效1例,总有效率为99.62%,住院时间为(12.8±2.8)d,治疗后IL-4、IL-6、IL-12分别为(7.55±2.69)、(16.69±7.14)、(56.48±13.39)ng/L,CRP为(6.88±2.39)mg/L,CD8+为(26.52±5.69)%均高于治疗前;治疗后IgE为(808.34±205.30)μg/L,CD3+、CD4+分别为(63.12±5.20)%、(45.58±5.20)%,CD4+/CD8+为(1.68±0.43)%,均高于治疗前,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经合理治疗,新生儿呼吸合胞病毒下呼吸道感染治疗效果较佳,可显著改善炎性因子及免疫状态。     

重组人干扰素治疗高危型HPV持续感染疗效观察

目的 探讨重组人干扰素治疗宫颈持续性高危型HPV(HR-HPV)感染的临床价值及机制.方法 将2011年1月至2013年1月在解放军150医院妇科门诊诊断为宫颈高危HPV持续感染且宫颈组织病理检查为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ级的113例患者分成实验组(重组干扰素肌注联合干扰素栓阴道后穹窿内放)68例和对照组(干扰素栓阴道后穹窿内放组)45例,连续治疗3个疗程.治疗后3个月、6个月后复查HPV-DNA.结果 实验组治疗后3个月患者HR-HPV转阴率显著高于对照组(x2=7.80,P＜0.01),实验组治疗后6个月患者HR-HPV转阴率显著高于对照组(x2=10.19,P＜0.01).两组患者无明显不良反应.结论 重组干扰素肌注联合阴道后穹窿放药能有效提高宫颈高危型HPV感染的转阴率,经济,方便,值得临床推广.     

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with acute respiratory infections in Zambia.

Epidemiological research on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children was carried out at the Virology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital (UTH), in Lusaka, Zambia, from January-December 1996. Specimens including 736 nasal washings and 2424 throat swabs were collected from children with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and tested for RSV by enzyme immunoassay and by virus isolation. RSV was isolated in 62 (4.1%) of 1496 throat swabs collected from March to September and was detected in 99 (16.3%) of 609 nasal washings from March to November. The average RSV isolation rate was 2.6% and the average RSV detection rate was 13.5%. The highest RSV isolation (8.1%) and detection (30.5%) rates were in June 1996. RSV antibody in the 278 serum specimens collected from Zambian children, who were hospitalized in the paediatric ward, UTH, was detected using a standard neutralization test. The antibody positive rate was 60-80% in children > 4 years. It is evident that RSV is one of the main causal agents of ARI in children in Zambia.     

Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection among Puerto Rican infants

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory illness in children. Prevention of this infection is available with the use of intravenous immunoglobulin or an intramuscular humanized monoclonal antibody (palivizumab). Palivizumab has been available in Puerto Rico since 1999. The objective of this study was to follow-up infants who received RSV prophylaxis with palivizumab in Puerto Rico to assess its efficacy and safety. A total of 230 infants who received RSV prophylaxis during the 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 seasons were followed-up. Adverse events from injections were minimal including erythema (2%), fever (5%), pain (4%), and rash (2%). In none of the patients prophylaxis was discontinued due to side effects. Forty-four infants (19%) had at least one respiratory hospitalization throughout the season, with RSV confirmed in seven (3%). Most hospitalizations occurred in the month of August when infants had received only one dose of palivizumab and on December, a peak month for RSV infections. Five infants (2.2%) required admission to an intensive care unit. In none of them, RSV was confirmed. This study confirms that monthly intramuscular administration of palivizumab is effective in preventing serious RSV infections in high risk infants.     

Genotype circulation pattern of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran

In order to have information on the molecular epidemiology and genetic circulation pattern of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Iran, we studied the genetic variability of both group A and B HRSV strains during seven consecutive years by sequencing the hypervariable C-terminal domain of G protein. A total of 485 children <2 years of age who were negative for influenza viruses, screened for the presence of HRSV in this research. HRSV was detected in 94 (19.38%) of the samples using nested RT-PCR. Group A viruses were isolated during each year, while group B viruses were isolated during 2009 and 2013. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HRSV group A viruses belonged to three genotypes: GA1, GA2, GA5 and the group B viruses were in BA genotype.