一期门静脉缩窄法制备犬门静脉高压症动物模型门静脉压力变化的研究

目的：通过一期门静脉缩窄法制备犬门静脉高压症动物模型,观察门静脉压力的变化情况,探讨制备动物模型时门静脉压力控制的合理范围。方法：犬24只,分为A、B、C3组,行开腹结扎法缩窄门静脉,术中A组门静脉压力控制在20.0～25.0cmH2O,B组控制在25.0～30.0cmH2O,C组控制在30.0～35.0cmH2O。分别于术后2、4、6、8、10、12、14周测量门静脉压力。并于14周开腹观察胃底食管下段静脉曲张情况。结果：术后各组门静脉压力逐渐下降,14周门静脉压力已平稳。A组门静脉压力自（22.87±1.43）cmH2O下降至（19.56±0.80）cmH2O（P〈0.05）,14周后有4只动物胃底食管下段静脉曲张不显著,无动物死亡。B组门静脉压力自（27.22±1.47）cmH2O下降至（21.81±0.99）cmH2O（P〈0.05）,14周后所有动物胃底食管下段静脉曲张显著,1只动物死亡;C组门静脉压力自（31.86±1.52）cmH2O下降至（25.32±1.79）cmH2O（P〈0.05）,所有动物胃底食管下段静脉曲张显著,3只动物死亡。结论：一期门静脉缩窄法制备犬门静脉高压症动物模型,术中门静脉缩窄后门静脉压力应控制在25.0～30.0cmH2O,在这个范围内动物模型胃底食管下段静脉曲张显著,且死亡率低。     

An experimental study of early anastomosis of injured microvessels of maxillofacial region in dogs

This study was designed to evaluate whether the microvascularanastomosis of small arteries and veins in the wound area was possible after gun-shot wound was inflicted to the maxillofacial region of a dog.It was found thatsmall vessels could be connected with subsequent patency of their lumen if theoperation was performed on the 3rd day after the debridment of the gunshotWound,which provides a basis for microvascular anastomosis to repairmaxillofacial defect due to gunshot wound with free vascularized flap grafting.Inaddition the best time to have a defect repaired and the healing features of thewounds after vascular anastomosis are discussed.     

门脉高压性胃病发病机制的实验研究

目的　观察大鼠门脉高压性胃病胃粘膜血流量及血浆胰高糖素的变化。方法　SD大鼠随机分为门静脉高压组(PHT组 )和假手术组 (SO组 ) ,采用门静脉主干部分结扎复制门脉高压模型。于术后第 14天 ,采用激光多普勒血流仪测量门静脉压力、胃底及胃窦粘膜血流量 ,放射免疫分析法检测血浆胰高糖素含量。结果　PHT组门静脉压力 (2 6 5± 0 30kPa)和胃底粘膜血流量 (116 2 1± 13 4 0BPU)显著高于SO组 [(1 13± 0 11kPa) ,(79 0 1± 11 6 6BPU) ](P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。而胃窦粘膜血流量在PHT组和SO组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。PHT组血浆胰高糖素含量 (2 6 1 2 9± 18 4 8pg/ml)显著高于SO组 (6 3 6 1±6 0 1pg/ml) (P <0 0 1)。 结论　门脉高压性胃病发生与胃粘膜高灌注状态有关 ,胰高糖素在胃粘膜高灌注状态形成中可能起一定作用。     

Functional compartments in the portal system. An experimental study.

The pressure of the portal trunk, the left gastric vein, the left and right gastroepiploic veins, the mesenteric vein and the abdominal aorta was measured experimentally at the same time in 10 normal dogs. The levels of the raised pressure in the different compartments with their outflow tracts obstructed respectively were observed and the potentials of the functional barriers between these compartments were quantitatively evaluated. The findings showed that the average power of the functional barriers was 45.1 +/- 5.7% between the different compartments in the gastrosplenic area and 74.3% in the mesenteric region. The weakness of the functional barriers' capacity limiting the collateral diversion between the lesser and greater splanchnic systems may be one of the causes making the distal splenorenal shunt lose its selectivity.

     

门静脉动脉化对肝硬化犬部分肝切除后门静脉血流动力学的影响

目的:旨在研究门静脉动脉化(portal veinarteri alization,PVA)对肝硬化犬部分肝切除后门静脉血流动力学的影响,以探讨PVA的临床可行性。方法:肝硬化犬分为3组:A组(动脉化组)行肝左外叶切除加门静脉动脉化手术;B组(对照组)仅行肝左外叶切除手术;C组(假手术组)。每组均于术后4周处死,实验过程中检测门静脉压力的变化。结果:门静脉压力在术后即时A组为(19.71±1.20)cmH2O,B组为(11.72±0.58)cmH2O,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),4周后A组降至(13.99±1.18)cmH2O,有明显下降趋势。结论:PVA未造成近期明显门静脉高压,有望成为临床上肝脏手术时预防肝衰竭、支撑肝功能的有效辅助手段。     

An experimental study of trachea anastomosis in rabbits using carbon dioxide laser

Summary A technique of sutureless trachea anastomosis in rabbits using carbon dioxide laser was reported herein. In 6 rabbits with laserassisted trachea anastomoses, only one was found to have slight anastomotic stenosis after operation, whereas 6 rabbits with conventional sutures all were found to have anastomotic stenosis. Results show that laser-assisted trachea anastomosis has certain advantages over the conventional suturing technique, thereby finding wide application in clinical tracheal reconstruction and lung transplantation.     

门静脉直径与左右半肝体积相关性的研究

目的:探讨成人间劈离式肝移植术前使用门静脉直径作为预测半肝体积的准确性和可行性。方法:收集筛选行活体肝移植术前评估的40例供体CT影像资料,使用IQQA-liver肝脏诊断辅助分析系统,测得左右半肝体积百分比(A组),同时分别测量门静脉左、右支直径,通过公式左半肝体积百分比=L2(/L2+R2)、右半肝体积百分比=R2(/L2+R2),计算得到相应的半肝体积百分比(B组)。比较两组间是否具有统计学差异,验证利用门静脉直径计算左右半肝体积的准确性和可行性。结果:40例供者其门静脉左支直径为(8.75±1.45)mm,门静脉右支直径为(10.45±1.49)mm。A组左半肝体积百分比为(36.76±4.11)%,右半肝体积百分比为(63.24±4.11)%;B组左半肝体积百分比为(41.12±3.99)%,右半肝体积百分比为(58.88±3.99)%,两组之间具有统计学差异(P<0.01)。采用曲线回归及线性回归进行统计分析,得出门静脉直径与相应半肝体积之间无统计学联系。结论:左右半肝体积影响因素较多,单独使用门静脉直径尚不能准确地预测半肝体积。     

门静脉高压经肾静脉自发性分流的多层CT诊断

目的：探讨肝硬化门静脉高压时经肾静脉自发分流的CT表现与诊断。方法：220例临床确诊为肝硬化门静脉高压的患者行多层螺旋CT检查，扫描参数：准直／有效层厚／重建间隔为5mm／6．5mm／2．0mm(180例)或2．5mm／3．2mm／1．6mm(40例)。双期增强扫描：动脉期延迟26～28s，门脉期延迟55～60s。对图像进行电影显示，对有异常血管的病例分别完成薄层块最大强度投影(TS-MIP)和容积显示(VR)三维血管成像。结果：经肾静脉分流26例(11．8％)，其中脾左肾静脉分流20例，胃左肾静脉分流16例(同时有此2种分流12例)，门脉右肾静脉分流2例。肾门周围静脉增多、增粗7例。结论：自发性门脉-肾静脉分流并不少见，多层螺旋CT增强扫描及血管造影可有效显示分流血管，有助于指导临床诊断和治疗。     

Anomalous duplication of the portal vein with prepancreatic postduodenal portal vein

Objective: We report a case of unusual anomalous duplication of the portal vein.Patient: A 40-year-old man with portal vein duplication. One portal vein is derived from the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and enters the caudate lobe of the liver. Another portal vein, known as the prepancreatic postduodenal portal vein, is derived from the superior mesenteric vein and courses anterior to the pancreas and posterior to the duodenum.Conclusion: Duplication of the portal vein is an extremely rare developmental anomaly, and in previous reports, the superior mesenteric and splenic veins entered the liver separately. We present a previously unreported case of anomalous duplication of the portal vein, one of which was the prepancreatic postduodenal portal vein.     

人与猪肝门静脉几何形态学的比较研究

目的 :比较研究人与猪肝门静脉的几何形态学指标间的异同 ,为猪→人异种肝移植提供形态学资料。方法 :取人与不同月龄猪肝门静脉 ,常规石蜡包埋、切片 ,HE染组织结构 ,光镜观察 ,计算机图像分析系统测定其几何形态学指标。结果 :猪与人肝门静脉壁的组织学结构类似 ,猪肝门静脉的管径、壁厚、管腔面积、管壁面积均随月龄的增长而增长 ,与月龄均呈直线正相关关系。 6月龄猪肝门静脉的形态学指标与人相近。结论 :猪肝门静脉的几何形态学指标随增龄发生变化 ,6月龄猪肝门静脉的管径、壁厚、管腔面积、管壁面积与人相近。     

脾切除术后持续发热与门静脉血栓形成关系探讨

目的探讨脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成与持续发热的关系。方法回顾性分析212例因门静脉高压症行脾切除加断流术及110例因外伤行脾切除病例的临床资料,观察术后门静脉血栓形成与发热的发生率。结果212例门静脉高压行脾切除加断流术,153例术后行彩超检查,门静脉血栓形成发生率38．6％（59／153）,持续发热发生率17．6％（27／153）;110例外伤性脾切除病例83例术后行彩超检查,门静脉血栓发生率16．9％（14／83）,持续性发热患者2例（2．4％）。结论门静脉血栓形成与持续性发热无明显相关性。     

An early experience of liver transplantation in portal vein thrombosis

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a recognised complication of end-stage liver disease. As PVT is a relative contraindication to liver transplantation, potential candidates are often rejected due to increased risk and complexity of the surgical procedure. Thromboendovenectomy is a commonly-used technique for this vexing problem. We report a surgeon's experience of dealing with PVT at the time of liver transplantation. Two patients with liver cirrhosis and PVT underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at the National University Hospital. The case notes of these two patients were retrospectively reviewed, along with a brief review of literature. Our early experience shows that with careful case selection and meticulous surgical technique, OLT can be safely done in patients with PVT without significant complications.     

A recommended technique of renal vein anastomosis in rat kidney transplantation for trainee

Background Various rat kidney transplantation models have been introduced over the decades and the study on the models seems to lack novelty and necessity.However,vascular anastomosis,especially renal vein,is still very difficult for trainees.The aim of this study was to provide the modified renal venous anastomosis of rat kidney transplantation to substitute the currant method for trainees.Methods Male Wistar rats were used as donors and recipients,respectively.Left orthotopic transplantation was performed with a modified technique of renal vein anastomosis,combining the end-to-end sutures with epidural catheter.Meanwhile,the survival rate,warm ischemia time,renal venous anastomosis time,and complications were recorded to evaluate the merits of the modified technique compared with the current recommended technique of rat renal vein.Two trainees took part in the learning of the models in two methods for performing 30 operations,respectively.Results The difference in warm ischemia time （from （57.25±7.30） minutes in the first 10 operations to （30.05±1.85）minutes in the third 10 operations） and renal vein anastomosis time （from （32.80±3.80） minutes in the first 10 operations to （19.30±0.98） minutes in the third 10 operations） was significantly short （P＜0.01） and the survival rate was statistically high （from （25±7）％ in the first 10 operations to 70％ in the third 10 operations） in equal number of operations （P＜0.01） by comparing with the current recommended method （（47.60±7.19） minutes to （22.8±1.85） minutes,（22.40±3.10） minutes to （9.95±1.50） minutes,45％±7％ to 80％±0,respectively）.The intraoperative complications and postoperative complications of renal venous anastomosis were also significantly decreased （P＜0.01）.Conclusions The technique with epidural catheter can shorten the learning curve of the trainee learning rat kidney transplantation.It may replace the currently recommended technique of rat renal vein for trainees.     

三种血管吻合用支架相关物理特性的超微结构观察

目的研制一种可溶性血管内支架辅助血管断端吻合,并对该支架的理化性质从超微结构方面与其他支架进行比较分析.方法选用高纯度低分子量明胶,以及可溶性无机盐为主要材料制备成不同规格的柱状支架,通过实体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察支架的大体和超微结构进行比较分析.结果由于明胶类可溶性血管内支架超微结构上的独特结构使其具有光滑、坚挺、速溶等特性.结论明胶类血管内支架是一种较为理想的血管吻合用支架.