振动觉阈值检查对周围神经病变的诊断价值

神经电生理检查可提高其早期诊断率,检查项目包括神经传导速度(nerve conduction velocity,NCV)和末梢感觉定量检查(quantitative sensory test,QST)[1].QST包括定量温度觉检查(quantitative thermal testing,QTT)和定量振动觉检查(quantitative vibratory testing,QVT).本文通过对2型糖尿病(DM)患者进行QVT,同时测定NCV,比较两者检查结果.以了解振动觉阈值检查对糖尿病周围神经病变的诊断价值.     

振动觉阈值检查对周围神经病变的诊断价值

神经电生理检查可提高其早期诊断率。检查项目包括神经传导速度（nerve conduction velocity，NCV）和末梢感觉定量检查（quantitative sensory test，QST）（QST包括定量温度觉检查（quantitative thermal testing，QTT）和定量振动觉检查（quantitative vibratory testing，QVT）。本文通过对2型糖尿病（DM）患者进行QVT，同时测定NCV，比较两者检查结果，以了解振动觉闽值检查对糖尿病周围神经病变的诊断价值。     

糖尿病周围神经病变定量感觉检查及神经传导速度检查的相关性和临床选择比较

目的分析定量感觉检查（QST）及神经传导速度（NCV）检查在诊断糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）中的相关性及差异,探讨临床应用选择。方法根据有或无DPN症状将434名2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者分为有症状组和无症状组,每个患者进行双侧正中、尺、胫神经运动支的NCV及正中、腓肠神经感觉支的NCV和冷感觉、热感觉及振动觉的测定,分析比较QST与NCV检查的相关性及不同情况下两种检查的一致性。结果QST与NCV检查结果有显著相关性（P均〈0.001）;温度觉的异常率均显著大于NCV及振动觉（P均〈0.05）;在NCV检查正常的患者中,冷、热感觉的异常率分别为45.6%和36.8%,在QST正常的患者中,正中、尺、胫神经运动支及正中、腓肠神经感觉支的NCV的异常率分别为21.8%、20.9%、29.1%、24.5%和30.9%。结论在DPN诊断中,QST与NCV检查显著相关,但不能完全相互替代,全面了解DPN病情还需要结合临床。     

甲钴胺联合α-硫辛酸对糖尿病周围神经病变病人神经电生理及感觉定量检查的影响

目的研究甲钴胺联合α-硫辛酸对糖尿病周围神经病变病人神经电生理及感觉定量检查的影响。方法选择2012年4月—2014年12月112例糖尿病周围神经病变病人,分为观察组和对照组。观察组接受甲钴胺联合α-硫辛酸治疗,对照组接受甲钴胺治疗,治疗后12周时评估整体疗效并进行神经电生理及感觉定量检查。结果治疗后12周时,观察组病人的整体疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前,两组病人的运动神经传导速度(MCV)、感觉神经传导速度(SCV)以及热感觉、冷感觉、热痛觉、冷痛觉、振动觉无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组病人的MCV、SCV、冷感觉、冷痛觉均显著高于对照组,热感觉、热痛觉、振动觉均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论甲钴胺联合α-硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效优于甲钴胺单药治疗,且能够改善病人的神经传导功能以及肢体末端的感觉功能。     

慢性酒精中毒患者定量感觉特点及影响因素

目的研究慢性酒精中毒患者的定量感觉特点,探讨定量感觉检查(QST)是否可作为早期提示神经损伤的指标,并对引起周围神经损伤的相关因素进行研究。方法选择2000年12月至2003年12月重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经内科收治的慢性酒精中毒患者(每天饮酒250mL以上,饮酒时间>5年且简易智能量表评分>27分)40例,分别测定左侧小鱼际区、食指、足背外侧、第1足趾皮区的温度觉及食指、第1足趾的振动觉阈值和胫、正中、尺神经传导速度。分析饮酒时间、全身营养状况、肝肾功能等对周围神经的影响。结果长期饮酒患者5种感觉阈值均较正常组增高(P<0·05)。有感觉异常组高于无感觉异常组(P<0·05)。QST检出的异常率较神经传导速度高。饮酒时间越长、全身营养状况越差越容易出现周围神经损害。结论QST可作为早期提示慢性酒精中毒性周围神经损害的指标。周围神经损伤与饮酒时间呈正相关,与营养状态成负相关。     

甲钴胺联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床观察

目的观察和分析甲钴胺联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床效果和安全性。方法选择2014年3月—2015年5月该院收治的64例糖尿病周围神经病变患者,随机分为观察组31例和对照组33例。两组患者均给予基础治疗和前列地尔静脉注射。观察组在此基础上加用甲钴胺治疗。治疗2周后记录两组患者治疗前后的温度觉、压力觉、振动觉及多伦多评分变化。结果治疗2周后,与对照组相比,观察组温度觉、压力觉、振动觉异常案例少,多伦多评分低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲钴胺联合前列地尔可显著改善患者四肢感觉、运动神经反应,提高临床疗效。     

健康老年人定量温度觉和振动觉阈值测定

定量感觉检查(QST)是能定量测定感觉损伤程度的一种物理心理学技术。常用的定量温度觉、定量振动觉测定结果用温度觉阈值和振动觉阈值表示。影响定量感觉检查结果的因素有很多，其中年龄是一个重要因素，随着年龄的增长定量感觉检查的阈值增加。定量感觉检查作为一种将主观感觉转变为相对客观的阈值检查方法是否适合于老年人群，其定量感觉结果与非老年人是否有差异，可否作为常规的检查方法。为此，我们于2002年3月至20004年3月对非老年人及老年人进行了测定，报道如下。     

定量感觉测试在2型糖尿病周围神经病变诊断中应用价值的研究

目的探讨定量感觉测试(QST)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)周围神经病变诊断中的应用价值。方法对2020年5月至2021年2月在南京鼓楼医院内分泌科住院的18～70岁T2DM患者进行回顾性分析, 收集患者QST参数[热感觉阈值(WDT)、冷感觉阈值(CDT)], 以及热痛觉阈值(HPT)和冷痛觉阈值(CPT)结果, 测定患者双下肢神经传导速度(NCV)参数, 包括腓总神经传导速度、腓肠神经传导速度、胫神经传导速度等。根据周围神经病变诊断标准, 将患者分为非神经病变(NDPN)、小纤维神经病变(SFN)及混合纤维神经病变(MFN)组。采用t检验或单因素方差分析、Mann-WhitneyU或Kruskal-WallisH检验及χ2检验进行组间一般临床资料的比较, 采用多因素logistic回归分析法分析糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的危险因素, 采用Spearman相关法分析QST参数和NCV之间的相关性, 采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估QST参数诊断MFN的敏感性、特异性和诊断价值。结果共纳入279例患者, 其中, NDPN组111例, SFN组116例, MFN组52例。与SFN组相比,...     

感觉神经传导阈值评估在糖尿病周围神经病变诊断中的临床应用

目的分析在糖尿病患者周围神经病变的诊断中,采用感觉神经传导阈值评估的临床效果。方法选择该院于2018年4月—2019年6月期间收治的719例2型糖尿病患者为主要研究对象,依照患者周围神经病变情况分为病变组与非病变组,对比两组患者在不同频率下感觉神经传导阈值。结果两组患者接受感觉神经传导阈值评估具有一定疾病诊断效果,其中两组患者在不同频率下感觉神经传导阈值出现较大差异,病变组患者显著高于非病变组,两组患者对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病患者周围神经病变的诊断中,应用感觉神经传导阈值评估能够有效提升患者病变诊断准确性,对于判断患者疾病发展趋势,早期诊断患者足部溃疡等并发症发生具有重要意义,值得临床推广使用。     

欧米诺汗印法对糖尿病周围神经病变的早期诊断意义初探

目的评估泌汗神经功能检测在诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者早期周围神经病变中的价值。方法分别采用DNS评分法和欧米诺汗印法(新型诊断膏贴,Neuropad)对218例T2DM患者进行外周神经病变评估及泌汗神经功能检测,计算欧米诺汗印法、10g单纤丝、振动觉、温度觉及针刺痛觉的单项检查相对于DNS评分法对周围神经病变诊断的灵敏度和特异度。结果糖尿病周围神经病变组欧米诺汗印法变色时间为19·1±8·1min,显著高于糖尿病无神经病变组的8·3±1·8min和对照组的3·9±0·8min(P<0·01);欧米诺汗印法测得的周围神经病变发病率为61·9%略高于DNS测得的57·8%。相对于DNS评分法,欧米诺汗印法诊断周围神经病变的敏感度为92·8%,特异度为82·2%阳性预告值82·6%;单项的10g单纤丝、振动觉、足背部温度觉及痛觉测试的灵敏度分别为69·0%、33·3%、67·4%和57·1%,特异度分别为81·5%、90·2%、80·4%和84·8%。欧米诺汗印法变色时间与DNS评分呈显著正相关(r=0·46,P<0·01),优于其他4种单项检查。结论欧米诺汗印法是一种简易、有重要参考价值的检测方法,其对糖尿病患者足部泌汗功能的检测有助于糖尿病周围神经病变的早期筛查。     

Diabetic neuropathy as a heterogeneous syndrome: multivariate analysis of clinical and neurological findings

We quantitatively assessed peripheral and autonomic nerve function in diabetic patients and compared them with various parameters of their diabetic status. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (MCV, SCV), vibratory perception threshold (VPT) and the coefficient of variation of the ECG R-R interval (CV R-R) were measured in 85 diabetic patients aged 20-59 years. These values were compared with those of age-matched healthy subjects. Moreover, in 53 patients, MCV, SCV, VPT and CV R-R were investigated by multivariate analysis in relation to clinical parameters. In diabetics, MCV, SCV and CV R-R were significantly lower and VPT was higher than in age-matched healthy controls. The prevalence of impaired values in diabetics was 70% for VPT in the toe, 60% for SCV, and 55% for MCV, CV R-R and VPT in the finger. Impairments of MCV, SCV, CV R-R and VPT were closely correlated with diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and duration of disease. Categorical regression analysis (multivariate analysis) revealed that the impairment of conduction velocity was closely related to diabetic retinopathy and to hypo- or areflexia, that the impairment of the vibratory perception threshold was related to ischemic changes in ECG and to hypo- or areflexia, and that the reduction of CV R-R was related to orthostatic hypotension and to proteinuria. These findings suggest that diabetic neuropathy progresses in parallel with other complications, and that it is a heterogeneous syndrome rather than a single entity.     

糖尿病痛性周围神经病的临床及电生理特点分析

目的探讨糖尿病痛性周围神经病（PDPN）的临床和电生理特点。方法严格入选32例PDPN患者,病程〉1年,疼痛视觉模拟评分〉4,未伴有其他内科系统合并症,进行视觉模拟评分（VAS）并记录疼痛性质。电生理检测包括：常规神经传导速度（NCV）、定量感觉检测（温度觉）（QST-t）。结果PDPN往往有客观的感觉异常,但神经系统体征不典型,NCV检测可正常,而QST—t可有异常表现,本组NCV检测13例正常,其中11例QST-t异常;本组NCV异常率为59．4％,QST异常率为87．5％,QST＋NCV异常率为93．7％。VAS与QST的上下肢热痛觉（HP）呈正相关（t=0．595、P=0．009;t=0．784、P=0．004）,与胫神经的感觉神经传导速度（SCV）呈负相关（t=-0．554;P=0．032）;与其它电生理各项参数不相关,与空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、病程及疼痛病程不相关。结论PDPN以小纤维受累为主,QST可为早期PDPN提供客观的临床依据;疼痛程度与C类纤维及下肢胫神经感觉纤维病变有一定的相关性。     

Prostaglandin E1 in lipid microspheres ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical usefulness of Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments for evaluating diabetic sensory abnormality

We investigated the effect of Prostaglandin E1 in lipid microspheres (Lipo-PGE1) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy from view of symptoms, neurological examinations including sensory threshold evaluated with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (SWM). Type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were participated in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, 11 Lipo-PGE1-treated patients and 16 control patients. Lipo-PGE1 at a dose of 10mg in 20ml of saline was injected intravenously as a bolus once daily for 2 weeks. Before and, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment with Lipo-PGE1, sensory threshold was evaluated with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments at total 18 touch sites on the feet. Administration of Lipo-PGE1 improved subjective symptoms especially in items of numbness and imperception. Such improvement in subjective symptoms correlated well with the improvement in Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments examination, whereas the improvement was not recognized in motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and coefficient variation of R-R interval on ECG (CVR-R). The improvement lasted for at least 6 months. This study demonstrated that Lipo-PGE1 has long term amelioration effects on diabetic neuropathy especially in symptoms and sensory threshold, and that Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments examination is a simpler, more valid and quantitative tool for assessing the clinical effect of Lipo-PGE1 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.     

糖尿病周围神经病700例临床与神经电生理分析

目的探讨糖尿病周围神经病的临床和电生理特点,明确电生理检查的诊断价值。方法对700患者进行感觉和运动神经传导测定,240例患者进行针极肌电图测定。结果507例(724%)患者电生理检查异常,其中307例(606%)为多发性周围神经病,74例(146%)为腕管综合征;感觉神经传导异常程度重于运动神经,波幅的下降程度较传导速度减慢明显,下肢重于上肢(P<005)。仅有46%的患者针极肌电图异常而神经传导正常。结论糖尿病周围神经病的临床和电生理表现均以感觉神经受损为主;电生理检查有助于发现临床病变,但并非所有患者均能发现电生理异常;建议不将针极肌电图进行糖尿病周围神经病的筛查作为常规使用。     

老年糖尿病患者神经传导速度的改变

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病患者神经传导速度的改变。方法　通过肌电图的测定和分析 ,对 6 0例 2型糖尿病患者的神经传导速度进行研究。结果　显示神经传导速度 (NCV)较正常对照组减慢 ,异常率为 42 %～ 85 % ,下肢异常率高于上肢 ,感觉神经传导速度 (SCV)异常率高于运动神经传导速度 (MCV) ,尤以腓浅神经SCV最敏感。结论　NCV检查对早期诊断糖尿病性神经病变具有实用价值。     

Neurofunctional testing for the detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

We have studied associations of neurofunctional testing with other indexes of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients unselected for neuropathy. The tests included vibratory sensitivity (assessed with the Vibration Sensitivity Tester and the Biothesiometer) and thermal sensitivity (assessed with the Thermal Sensitivity Tester). Values for diabetic patients were markedly higher than those of control subjects. The neurofunctional tests were strongly correlated with each other. There were also significant associations between the neurofunctional and nerve conduction indexes. Asymptomatic patients had higher values than those of the control subjects for each test. When clinical and nerve-conduction criteria were a better indicator than thermal sensitivity. Neurofunctional testing appears to be useful for both the clinical and research assessments of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.     

Abnormalities of foot pressure in early diabetic neuropathy

Dynamic foot pressure has been studied in 44 diabetic subjects of mean age 52 years with no clinical evidence of neuropathy and in an age and sex matched non-diabetic control group. Vibration perception threshold (VPT), sensory (SCV), and motor conduction velocities (MCV) were also measured in the diabetic subjects. Sixteen diabetic subjects (Group A) had abnormally high pressures under the metatarsal heads (greater than 10 kg/cm2), whereas the remaining 28 diabetic subjects had normal results (Group B). The ratio of toe to metatarsal head loading (normal 0.112) was significantly reduced in Group A (0.077) compared to Group B (0.127: p less than 0.05). VPT and sural nerve SCV were also significantly abnormal in Group A subjects compared with Group B (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.02, respectively), though there were no differences in MCV. A significant inverse correlation was obtained between toe loading and VPT. It is concluded that abnormalities of foot pressure occur in early sensory neuropathy and may precede clinical abnormalities. Assessment of the toe-loading ratio may provide a sensitive measure of motor dysfunction in early diabetic neuropathy.     

Current perception thresholds in ageing.

We studied 40 healthy elderly and 31 healthy young volunteers and 25 elderly diabetic and 37 young diabetic patients. All subjects received detailed neurological examinations focusing particularly on sensory symptom and physical evaluations. Standardized assessment of symptoms and physical testing of light touch, pain, vibratory and thermal sensation were performed at the hand, wrist, elbow, foot, ankle and knee. The total symptom score (SS) and the total physical score (PS) were defined by summing test scores at each site. Current perception threshold (CPT) testing using constant current sine wave alternating current was completed at the same anatomical sites. CPT findings did not differ significantly between young and old healthy subjects. Older diabetic patients had higher CPTs than younger diabetic patients, but the severity of clinical diabetic neuropathy was greater in the older group. CPTs correlated with the degree of clinical diabetic neuropathy (r = 0.47 with SS and r = 0.60 with PS) rather than with age (r = 0.12). We conclude that current perception does not decline with age. Nor does ageing by itself worsen CPT values in patients with neuropathy. CPT testing is easily performed, clinically applicable and the first objective sensory measure not affected by the process of ageing.     

Possible contribution of adipocytokines on diabetic neuropathy

Neuropathy is one of the typical features of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Recent analyses indicate that subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) already have disturbance of peripheral nerve function. To test the role of adipocytokines, that tend to be abnormal in IGT subjects, on diabetic neuropathy, we analyzed the relationship between plasma adipocytokine levels (TNFalpha, adiponectin, and leptin) and nerve conduction velocity in 105 type 2 diabetic subjects (M/F = 66/39, age = 60.8 +/- 11.8 years, BMI = 24.7 +/- 5.0kg/m2). Adipocytokines were measured by ELISA, and motor conduction velocity (MCV) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) in median, ulnar, and tibial nerve were measured by electrical stimulation. Motor conduction velocity and SCV were corrected by age to be 1.0 as the normal value, and the average of three nerves were used to be the representative value. Relationship between corrected MCV or corrected SCV as a dependent variable and the duration of diabetes, HbA1C, BMI, TNFalpha, adiponectin, and leptin concentrations as independent variables were analyzed by multiple regression. Duration of diabetes and HbA1C were highly related with both corrected MCV (P < 0.02 and P < 0.001) and SCV (P < 0.02 and P < 0.05) by this analysis. Only corrected SCV was related significantly with TNFalpha (P < 0.05), and close to significantly with leptin (P = 0.059) concentrations. These results indicate that increased plasma glucose levels and duration of diabetes are the major factors that modulate diabetic neuropathy. However, nerve function may be affected by plasma cytokine levels like TNFalpha, and this effect was more significant on sensory nerves than motor nerves. The present results suggest that adipocytokines may play a role not only on angiopathy but also on neuropathy in diabetics.     

Impaired vibratory perception and diabetic foot ulceration

We have studied risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration by comparing diabetic patients who had active foot ulcers (n = 86) with diabetic patients who had no history of foot ulcers (n = 49). Whereas there was a strong association of diabetic foot ulceration with abnormal vibratory perception (Odds Ratio = 10.77; p less than 0.001, which increased with worsening vibratory perception), there was little association with abnormality of the ankle-pressure index (Odds Ratio = 2.84, p = n.s.). Although foot ulceration and limited joint mobility were associated (Odds Ratio = 3.57, p less than 0.001), this relation was not significant when allowances for abnormal vibratory perception and diabetes duration were made. These data suggest that sensory neuropathy is of greater aetiological importance than peripheral vascular disease in the development of diabetic foot ulceration. The measurement of the vibratory perception threshold is clinically useful in identifying those diabetic patients at high risk of foot ulceration.