胃十二指肠疾病患者骨矿物质含量的变化意义

目的研究慢性胃炎、胃十二指肠溃疡和胃癌患者骨矿物质含量变化的意义．方法用单光子吸收法，以桡骨长度中下１／３处为测定点，测定慢性胃炎（ｎ＝３１）、消化性溃疡（ｎ＝２６）、胃癌（ｎ＝９）及正常对照组（ｎ＝４３）的骨矿物质含量，并以骨矿含量（ＢＭＣ，ｇ／ｃｍ）及骨面密度（ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ，ｇ／ｃｍ２）表示，并进行比较．结果慢性萎缩性胃炎（ｎ＝１４），ＢＭＣ＝１００８±０２２８ｇ／ｃｍ）和十二指肠球部溃疡（ｎ＝１６），ＢＭＣ＝０９０４ｇ／ｃｍ±０２０５ｇ／ｃｍ，ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ＝０６５２ｇ／ｃｍ２±００８６ｇ／ｃｍ２）骨矿含量显著低于正常对照组（ｎ＝４３，ＢＭＣ＝１１７６ｇ／ｃｍ±０３４１ｇ／ｃｍ，ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ＝０７８２ｇ／ｃｍ２±０１３４ｇ／ｃｍ２，Ｐ＜００５）．结论萎缩性胃炎及十二指肠溃疡患者ＢＭＣ明显下降，需纠正．     

褐藻胶对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的防治作用

目的研究褐藻胶对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的防治作用．方法用４０％四氯化碳（ＣＣｌ４）制备大鼠肝纤维化模型，实验分组为正常对照组（ｎ＝８），ＣＣｌ４组（ｎ＝８），秋水仙硷（ＣＯＬ）组（ｎ＝６）和褐藻胶组（ｎ＝６）（２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｇ，３次／周×４）．观察肝脏组织学和血清Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）及透明质酸（ＨＡ）水平的变化．结果褐藻胶组ＰＣⅢ（１４２８μｇ／Ｌ±７６１μｇ／Ｌ）和ＨＡ水平（２６５５μｇ／Ｌ±９３１μｇ／Ｌ）显著低于ＣＣｌ４组（２９３５μｇ／Ｌ±７８３μｇ／Ｌ，５１９８μｇ／Ｌ±１１８３μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１），而褐藻胶组与ＣＯＬ组间无显著差异．病理学观察显示，ＣＣｌ４组肝纤维化程度重于褐藻胶组和ＣＯＬ组．结论褐藻胶对实验性肝纤维化有防治作用．     

电刺激大鼠肋间神经通过轴突反射调节胃生长抑素和促胃液素分泌

目的观察电刺激大鼠肋间神经通过脊神经节细胞周围突分支上的轴突反射对生长抑素和促胃液素从胃分泌的影响方洁切断大鼠（ｎ＝１７）左侧Ｔ１０或Ｔ１１肋间神经及其神经根,用放免分析法测定电刺激肋间神经近侧断端前、后的血浆生长抑素和血清促胃液素含量（刺激强度１２Ｖ,波宽０．２ｍｓ,频率４０Ｈｚ,刺激时间２ｍｉｎ～３ｍｉｎ）,结果电刺激肋间神经近侧断端导致血浆生长抑素从１６１ｎｇ／Ｌ±４０ｎｇ／Ｌ显著增加到３０２ｎｇ／Ｌ±１７０ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）和血清促胃液素由１３４ｎｇ／Ｌ±３８ｎｇ／Ｌ显著减少到１０２ｎｇ／Ｌ±３８ｎｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）结论电刺激大鼠肋问神经可通过轴突反射调节生长抑素和促胃液素从胃的分泌。     

尿毒症患者的体表胃电图研究

目的应用体表胃电图研究尿毒症患者是否存在胃肌电活动损害．方法应用双电极ＤｉｇｇｔｒａｐｐｅｒＥＧＧ对２５例有胃肠道症状的尿毒症患者和２５例健康志愿者进行餐前、餐后各３０ｍｉｎ胃电图检查，试餐２００８３２ＫＪ（１００ｇ营养麦片，２００ｍＬ开水）．结果健康组餐前主频（ＤＦ）、主功率（ＤＰ）及正常节律百分比（Ｎ％）分别为２９ｍｉｎ－１±０１ｍｉｎ－１，５７６ｂｐ±１５２ｂｐ，９０９％±１９％；餐后：３０ｍｉｎ－１±０１ｍｉｎ－１，２１２７８ｂｐ±７２５ｂｐ（Ｐ＜００１），９２６％±２１％．尿毒症组餐前ＤＦ、ＤＰ、Ｎ％分别为１１ｍｉｎ－１±０２ｍｉｎ－１，６５０４ｂｐ±４８０ｂｐ，４７０％±３９％；餐后１２ｍｉｎ－１±０２ｍｉｎ－１，３６４８ｂｐ±２４５ｂｐ，３３８％±３１％．以上结果与健康组相比均有显著性差异．结论尿毒症患者存在胃电节律紊乱，此种节律紊乱主要表现在正常节律百分比明显下降及餐后功率降低，提示尿毒症患者存在胃肌电活动异常．ＥＧＧ作为一种无创性胃动力检查方法，可用于严重肾功能衰竭、尿毒症患者的临床及研究工作     

门脉高压大鼠门静脉及周围血NO水平观察

目的了解门脉高压鼠血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量变化及意义．方法以部分门静脉结扎大鼠为模型（ｎ＝１２），在部分门静脉结扎及假手术组大鼠（ｎ＝８）术后２周取门静脉血和周围静脉血，采用荧光分析法测量ＮＯ－２含量反应ＮＯ水平．结果门脉高压组门静脉血ＮＯ－２为０７６６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ±００９７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，周围静脉血为０６８７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ±００９２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，两者比较相差显著（Ｐ＜００１）；对照组门脉血ＮＯ－２为０６１３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ±００８４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，周围血为０５９１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ±００４５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，二者无明显区别（Ｐ＞００５）．门脉高压组与对照组比较，门脉血和外周血中ＮＯ－２含量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）．结论门脉高压大鼠血清ＮＯ－２浓度升高，尤以门静脉血含量升高显著，表明门脉高压大鼠血中ＮＯ生成增多，可能在门脉高压症发病中具有一定作用．     

实验性肝硬变时表皮生长因子受体在肝细胞核表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的探讨表皮生长因子受体（ｅｐｉｄｅｒｍａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ，ＥＧＦＲ）在肝硬变过程中的表达和对肝再生的作用．方法采用复合因子复制肝硬变动物模型（ｎ＝３２），正常大鼠（ｎ＝８）作对照，用免疫组化研究肝硬变过程中肝细胞核ＥＧＦＲ表达的变化．结果实验组动物ＥＧＦＲ阳性肝细胞核数（／ｍｍ２）于肝硬变进程２，４，６和８ｗｋ末分别为２０８６±３９８，１６４８±３１１，１２４７±２５２，８５３±２６５．而对照组仅为０８±０４．结论大鼠实验性肝硬变模型存在着ＥＧＦＲ表达减少引起的肝再生能力下降     

体外高功率聚焦超声破坏肝组织的实验研究

目的探讨体外高功率聚焦超声（ＨＩＦＵ）无损伤破坏兔肝组织的有效性和可行性．方法体外ＨＩＦＵ照射采用频率１１ＭＨｚ，声功率７５０Ｗ／ｃｍ２，连续超声波照射时间为２０ｍｉｎ．动物兔１６只随机分为两组：单纯体外ＨＩＦＵ照射组（Ⅰ组，ｎ＝８）和肝内碘化油注射＋体外ＨＩＦＵ照射组（Ⅱ组，ｎ＝８）．两组又根据超声波入路途径不同，各再分为肋间隙治疗组（ｎ＝４）和肋下治疗组（ｎ＝４）．结果无论超声波通过肋间隙或是肋下途径照射，肝内均发现有超声杀伤病灶（发生率为１００％）．Ⅱ组病灶体积（ｃｍ３）显著大于Ⅰ组（分别为１９±０５和０６±０３，Ｐ＝０００４）．通过肋间隙途径照射，易致肺、肋间隙和膈肌损伤，而通过肋下治疗则易致胃损伤体外ＨＩＦＵ无损伤破坏肝组织或肿瘤在技术上有潜在应用价值，碘化油配合体外ＨＩＦＵ治疗具有增效作用     

针刺调整实验性家兔胃节律紊乱的研究(英文)

目的建立实验性家兔胃节律紊乱模型，观察腧穴之间针刺调整胃节律紊乱的差异性，以期为临床针刺治疗提供选穴的实验依据．方法家兔６０只，体重２０ｋｇ～２５ｋｇ，禁食１２ｈ～１４ｈ，浆膜下双极胃电引导，用旋转的方法建立家兔节律紊乱模型，观察针刺足三里、内关、条口、天泉穴对胃电紊乱波及胃电频率调整效应的差异．结果足三里与内关穴组针刺前紊乱波百分数分别为５７０７８５±１０２６４４和５５５１７３±６０５００，针刺后分别为４３７８２３±１０１５１８和４３５１４７±６８９８３；针刺前频率分别为２２８７０±０３８００和２４０２０±０３５３６，针刺后分别为２７０９０±０５８６５和２９２２０±０４９２３．均呈现统计学显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）．但二组穴位之间比较无显著性差异；非特定穴条口、天泉针刺前后对照无统计学显著差异．特定穴足三里与同经非特定穴条口，特定穴内关与同经非特定穴天泉调整效应呈现显著性差异．结论本模型适用于针刺调整胃节律紊乱的研究；特定穴足三里、内关对胃节律紊乱有明显的调整作用．     

大鼠肝细胞Ⅰ，Ⅲ型前胶原基因表达及PDGF的影响

目的观察大鼠肝细胞Ⅰ，Ⅲ型前胶原基因的表达及ＰＤＧＦ对其表达的影响．方法应用原位杂交技术检测分离培养的ＳＤ大鼠肝细胞（ｎ＝３０）内Ⅰ，Ⅲ型前胶原基因的表达．同时观察１０μｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝３０）和３０μｇ／Ｌ（ｎ＝３０）ＰＤＧＦ促进前胶原基因表达的作用．测定基因表达颗粒总面积占细胞总面积的百分比，并作比较分析．结果无论正常肝细胞或是在两种浓度的ＰＤＧＦ存在时，肝细胞内均可见到Ⅰ，Ⅲ型前胶原基因的表达．正常肝细胞Ⅰ，Ⅲ型前胶原基因表达面积的百分比（％）为７７±１９和７５±２１；加１０μｇ／ＬＰＤＧＦ后为１１５±１９和１１２±１０，而加３０μｇ／Ｌ后为１５２±３４及１８１±２８，且在后者中表达明显增强（Ｐ＜００５及Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＰＤＧＦ在转录水平上促进肝细胞胶原的合成．     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠急性肝衰竭的保护作用

目的探讨雷公藤多甙（ＧＴＷ）对实验性肝衰竭的保护作用．方法雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２４只，随机分为对照组（ｎ＝８），急性肝衰竭（ＡＨＦ）组（ｎ＝８）和ＧＴＷ保护组（ｎ＝８）．ＧＴＷ组在实验前５ｄＧＴＷ２５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）经胃管灌胃，其余两组均以等量生理盐水溶液灌胃．从第６天开始，ＡＨＦ组和ＧＴＷ组均在空腹１２ｈ后ｉｐＤＧａｌＮ１６ｇ／ｋｇ，注射后４０ｈ，以３０ｇ／Ｌ戊巴比妥钠（４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）ｉｐ麻醉，心脏抽血测定血清ＡＬＴ，ＴＢ和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群．同时，在光镜和电镜下观察各组肝组织病理变化．结果ＡＨＦ组ＡＬＴ（ＩＵ／Ｌ）和ＴＢ（μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）分别为７８２８±５７６２和１２５６２７±６７０２７；ＯＸ８水平为１４０％±３％．ＧＴＷ组ＡＬＴ和ＴＢ分别为３５９±５４和４７±３５；ＯＸ８为４３％±４％．两组比较有显著统计学差异（Ｐ＜００５或００１）．同时，前者电镜下线粒体和内质网肿胀、破损，核内染色质凝聚，后者细胞器受损明显减轻．结论雷公藤多甙对实验性急性肝衰竭具有保护作用．     

胆囊收缩素在胃电节律失常中的作用及其神经病理学机制

目的：探讨胆囊收缩素（CCK）在胃电节律失常中的作用及其神经学机制。方法：在建立胃窦肌间神经丛铺片方法的基础上,用酶组织化学与免疫细胞化学方法,观察胃电节律失常大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛内胆碱能（Ach）神经、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）神经及CCK神经的变化。结果：模型组和CCK组大鼠均出现胃电节律失常,异常节律指数及慢波频率变异系数均显著高于正常组（P＜0．01）;模型组和CCK组NOS神经显著增加,Ach神经含量显著减少（P＜0．01）。结论：外源性及内源性CCK增加,能诱发胃电节律失常。CCK通过激活NOS,产生胃电节律失常。胃窦肌间神经丛神经中CCK及NOS神经含量异常增加,Ach神经减少是发生胃电节律失常的神经病理学机制之一。     

胃电节律失常大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛胆碱能神经的改变

目的：探讨大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛胆碱能神经，氮能神经含量变化与胃电节律失常的关系。方法：63例大鼠随机分为正常对照组，胃电节律失常模型组和白芍组。饲养4周后记录并分析胃电信号，测定胃窦肌间神经丛胆碱能神经含量。结果：模型组胃电节律失常明显增加，胃窦肌间神经丛胆碱能神经含量减少；经白芍治疗后，胃电节律失常明显减少，胃窦肌间神经丛胆碱能神经含量恢复正常。结论：胃窦肌间神经丛的胆碱能神经与胃电节律关系密切，当胆碱能神经减少时，胃电节律失常明显增加。     

长期饥饿应激对大鼠肠神经系统神经递质的影响

目的：观察长期饥饿应激对肠神经系统神经递质的影响。方法：以饥饿为应激原,采用肌间神经丛铺片技术,酶组织化学及免疫细胞化学法应激大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛内Ach,SP,NOS,SS,ENK及CCK神经变化。结果：（1）长期饥饿应激后大鼠胃电节律异常指数及慢波频率变异系数均显著增高。（2）大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛内Ach,SP神经含量明显减少;NOS,SS,ENK及CCK含量明显增加。结论：（1）长期饥饿应激能引起严重的胃电节律失常;（2）饥饿应激后大鼠胃电节律失常,胃窦肌间神经丛内Ach,SP神经分布异常,递质含量减少;NOS、SS、ENK、CCK神经含量异常增加。     

Enhanced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in gastric mucosal cells by the serum derived from rats treated with electroacupuncture at stomach meridian acupoints

INTRODUCTION Gastric mucosal damage is a common pathological reaction in the diseases of the digestive system. The acupuncture and moxibustion are very effective cure for this damage[1,2]. Previous experimental studies demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) were the most important peptides for the repair of the gastric mucosal injury[3]. Acupuncture at gastric meridian acupoint could alter gastric motility and secretion and also the co…     

Effects of nitrate and ascorbic acid on carcinogenesis in the operated rat stomach

In the last few years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the hypothetical relationship between high nitrate intake, N-nitroso-compounds and gastric cancer. This long term study deals with the effect of nitrate and ascorbic acid contained in drinking water on the development of cancer in operated stomachs of rats without additional application of a carcinogen (tumor model). A total of 147 F1-Hybrids of WELS/Fohm X BD IX--rats were subjected to stomach operation (Gastroenterostomia antecolica anterior, truncular vagotomy and pyloroplasty). Carcinomas in stomach occurred within 33 weeks (post operationem). The surgical procedures altered the gastric flora, resulting in an increase and predominance of nitrate-reducing bacteria. The maximal tumor rate (10 of 13 rats) occurred in rats with gastroenterostomy and additional nitrate exposition. It may be possible, the nitrate is a precursor of gastric carcinogenesis. But we could not give any significant evidence of this fact. The addition of ascorbic acid to the drinking water lead to a suppression of the development of tumors. Our experience with the tumor model "operated stomach" underline the multifactorial genesis of stomach cancer in rats.     

Effect of jianpiyiwei capsule on gastric precancerous lesions in rats

AIM：To evaluate the therapeutic effect of compound Chinese drugs,Jianpiyiwei capsule(JPYW)on gastric precancerous lesions in rats and to explore its mechanism of action.METHODS:Model of gastric precancerous lesions was constructed in male Wistar rats:a metal spring was inserted and fixed through pyloric sphincter.One week after recovery,each rat was given50-60℃hot paste containing150g/LNaCl2mLorally,twice a week for 15weeks.Then10normal and11model rats were anaesthetized,after the measurement of gastric mucosa blood flow(GMBF),the rats were killed and the mucosal hexosamines and malonic dialdehyde(MDA)were measured.The morphological changes of gastric mucosa were observed macroscopically and microscopically,and by an automatic imaging analysis system.Other rats were treated with JPYW1.5g/kg-d^·1 0r4.5g/kg·d^-1.ordistilled water as negative control respectively(n=10in each group).After 12weeks,all the rats were examined as above.RESULTS:The gastric mucosa of model rats showed chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia(IM).GMBFand hexosamine content were reduced significantly and MDAwas increased as compared to the normal group(P<0.01).After12weeks treatment,the pathological changes of the negative control group became worsened.while in JPYWtreated groups the changes were modified with significant increase of GMBF and reduction of MDA,although the hexosamine concentration increased only mildly.CONCLUSION:JPYW increases GMBFand reducesMDAcontent in gastric mucosa and has therapeutic effects on gastric precancerous lesions.     

四君子汤对脾虚证大鼠胃黏膜T细胞亚群的影响

[目的]观察四君子汤对脾虚证大鼠胃黏膜CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞的影响。[方法]102只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（24只）、长期造模组（26只）、自然恢复组（26只）和四君子汤组（26只）。正常对照组常规饲养7周,前4周给予生理盐水隔日1次灌胃,后3周每日1次灌胃（1．5ml／100g）。其余3组均采用复合因素造模法复制脾虚证大鼠模型,造模4周结束后,长期造模组继续造模3周,自然恢复组常规喂养3周,四君子汤组给予四君子汤每日1次灌胃3周（1．5ml／100g）。采用免疫组织化学法观察各组大鼠胃黏膜CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞的变化情况。[结果]与长期造模组和自然恢复组相比,四君子汤组大鼠胃黏膜CD4^＋T细胞数量增加,CD8^＋T细胞数量减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。四君子汤组CD4^＋T细胞数量的改善无法恢复到正常对照组水平（P〈O．05）,而CD8’T细胞的数量与正常对照组比较无明显差异（P〉O．05）。[结论]四君子汤可明显增加胃黏膜CD4^＋T细胞数量,降低CD8^＋T细胞的数量,调节胃黏膜免疫功能,从而防治慢性胃病的发生和发展。     

埋置胃肌电起搏电极后胃肌电活动演变的研究

目的探讨胃埋置电起搏电极后胃肌电活动演变过程。方法7条纯种比格犬,每1条犬通过开腹手术沿胃大弯浆膜层埋置4对心脏起搏电极。术后第1天开始记录进食固体食物(200g/只)前后30min胃慢波,连续记录7d后,间隔3周再次用同样方法记录胃肌电活动1次。结果(1)与术后第1天相比,术后第2天的空腹正常胃慢波百分率无明显改变(P>0.05)。而术后第3、4、5、6、7天明显降低(P<0.05)。(2)从术后第1天至第7天,与相应天数的空腹胃慢波相比,进食后正常胃慢波百分率增加(P<0.05),主功增高(P<0.05)。(3)手术后第3周,所有犬的进食前后正常胃慢波百分率均>70%。与空腹胃慢波相比,进食后主功增加(P<0.05)。结论犬胃埋置胃肌电起搏电极后胃肌电紊乱在术后第3天出现,之后逐步恢复。进食后胃肌电紊乱改善的特征是否预示胃肌电紊乱能够恢复正常尚待明确。     

Improvement of gastric motility with gastric electrical stimulation in STZ-induced diabetic rats

AIMS: The aims of this study were to observe whether gastric motility was impaired in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and whether gastric electrical stimulation was able to restore the impaired motility. METHODS: Ten control rats and 30 STZ-induced diabetic rats were used in this study. Gastric slow waves were recorded at baseline and 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the injection of STZ or vehicle. Gastric emptying with (long or short pulses) or without gastric electrical stimulation was measured 6 weeks after STZ injection in a group of 10 diabetic rats each. RESULTS: (1) STZ injection resulted in hyperglycemia and weight loss. (2) Gastric motility was impaired in the diabetic rats. The percentage of normal slow waves was progressively reduced 2 weeks after STZ injection. Compared with the control rats, gastric emptying in the diabetic rats was significantly delayed 6 weeks after STZ injection (60 +/- 3 vs. 79 +/- 2%, p < 0.02). (3) Gastric electrical stimulation with either long or short pulses accelerated gastric emptying in the diabetic rats. (4) Gastric electrical stimulation with long but not short pulses was capable of normalizing gastric dysrhythmia in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: Our data show that gastric motility is impaired in STZ-induced diabetic rats as reflected by a progressive reduction in the percentage of normal gastric slow waves and delayed gastric emptying. Moreover, here we show that gastric electrical stimulation normalizes delayed gastric emptying in diabetic rats and this normalization is not attributed to the effect of gastric electrical stimulation on gastric slow waves.     

复方参七汤抑制大鼠胃癌的实验研究

目的中草药对胃癌有抑制作用,但其作用的有关机制尚不清楚,通过诱发大鼠胃癌模型,研究复方参七汤对胃癌的抑制作用．方法采用Ｎ甲基Ｎ＇硝基Ｎ亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）１００ｍｇ／Ｌ连续喂养Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠９ｍｏ,制成胃癌模型,实验大鼠在喂养ＭＮＮＧ的同时,连续喂给中药复方参七汤１８ｍＬ／ｋｇ．观察实验组和对照组胃癌的发生率．结果实验组胃癌发生率为６９％（３／４３）,对照组胃癌发生率为５８９％（２３／３９）．两组比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）．结论复方参七汤能显著降低ＭＮＮＧ诱发的大鼠胃癌发生率,对胃癌有明显的抑制和预防作用．