保留喉功能的下咽癌手术

目的探讨下咽癌保留喉功能手术的可行性、技术操作及疗效。方法回顾性分析１９７８－１９９６年间３０５例（男２７９,妇女６;年龄１４－７７岁）经手术治疗的下咽恶性肿瘤（１９８７年ＵＩＣＣ分期：Ⅰ期６例;Ⅱ期１２例;Ⅲ期８２例;Ⅳ期２０５例）,其中梨状窝癌２３４例,环后癌２１例,下咽后壁区癌３５例,下咽上区癌１５例。２０６例（６７．５４％,分期：Ｉ期６例;Ⅱ期１２例;Ⅲ期６５例;Ⅳ期１２３例）作了喉功能保     

64例下咽癌病人临床疗效的回顾分析

目的：探讨下咽癌外科切除与修复手术的治疗效果。方法：分析1989年1月－1995年9月64例下咽癌切除患者的手术方法,并发症,生存率等,其中保留喉功能的下咽癌切除患者26例,未保留喉功能的下咽癌切除患者38例,结果：64例下咽癌患者手术后全部恢复了吞咽功能,并发症发生率40．6％（26／64）,以咽瘘最常见。26例保留喉功能的下咽癌切除术后拔管率53．8％（14／26）,3年和5年生存率分别为65．4％（17／26）和50％（13／26）,38例喉全切除下咽癌患者3年和5年生存率分别为52．6％（20／38）和44．7％（17／38）,保留喉功能和未保留喉功能两者3,5年生存率比较没有显著差异（P＞0．05）,结论：保留喉功能下咽癌手术适用T1,T2期的肿瘤及经过仔细选择部分T3期肿瘤患者,不影响患者的长期生存,同时可有效的提高患者的生存质量。     

保留喉功能下咽癌手术的临床应用

对同期５１例保留喉功能和２９例不保留喉功能的下咽癌手术患者进行了回顾性对比分析。５１例保留喉功能者严重并发症发生率为２３．５％，３６例恢复了喉全功能（７０．６％），喉部分功能恢复者１５例（２９．４％）。出院时５０例能经口进食，吞咽成功率９８．０％。术后平均经口进食时间为２９天（１０～１５０天），术后平均住院４０天（１６～１６０天），３年和５年生存率分别为５８．８％（３０／５１）和４９．０％（２５／５１）。与不保留喉功能的下咽癌手术组相比较，在严重并发症发生率、吞咽成功率、术后经口进食时间、住院时间和５年生存率等方面差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

下咽癌外科治疗41例分析

本文回顾４１例下咽癌病人的外科治疗效果，５年生存率为３７．５％（１２／３２），其中咽胃吻合术病例５的生存率为３５．７％。无手术死亡病例。产生各种并发症者为４１．４％。全部病人均恢复吞咽功能，部分病人保留了喉功能。本文就下咽癌的综合治疗，咽胃吻合术及下咽癌手术中喉功能的保护等问题进行讨论。     

喉癌切除后发音重建的临床研究

本文就１９７５年￣１９９５年８月间收治的资料完整的９５例喉癌手术方式、喉功能恢复及生存率进行分析。９７．９％（９３／９５）的患者吞咽功能良好，８０．０％（７６／９５）发音良好。部分喉切除拔管率为５９．５％（２２／３７）。全喉切除术１、３、５年生存率分别为８８．１％、８２．４％、７６．９％；部分喉切除术１、３、５年生存率分别为８６．７％、７８．３％、６８．４％。按临床分期统计生存率：Ｉ￣Ⅱ期患者１、     

保留喉功能下咽癌手术的临床应用

对同期５１例保留喉功能和２９例不保留喉功能的下咽癌手术患者进行了回顾性对比分析。５１例保留喉功能严重并发症发生率为２３．５％，３６例恢复了喉全功能（７０．６％），喉部分功能恢复者１５例（２９．４％），出院时５０例能经口进食，吞咽成功率９８．０％，术后平均经口进食时间为２９天（１０～１５０天），术后平均住院４０天（１６～１６０天），３年和５年生存率分别为５８．８％（３０／５１）和４９．０％（２５／５     

下咽癌外科治疗41例分析

本文回顾41例下咽癌病人的外科治疗效果，5年生存率为37.5％（12／32），其中咽胃吻合术病例5年生存率为35．7％（5／14）。无手术死亡病例。产生各种并发症者为41．4％（17／41）。全部病人均恢复吞咽功能，部分病人保留了喉功能。本文就下咽癌的综合治疗、咽胃吻合术及下咽癌手术中喉功能的保护等问题进行讨论。     

保留喉功能喉咽癌的综合治疗

目的 探讨保留喉功能的综合治疗对喉咽癌的治疗效果。方法 对1990-2000年我院收治的88例经保留喉功能的综合治疗的喉咽鳞状细胞癌进行回顾性分析。结果 患者总5年生存率是50％,其中Ⅰ级患者为87．5％,Ⅱ级患者为68．19％,Ⅲ级患者为39．62％,Ⅳ级患者为20％;有56例（63．64％）患者喉功能完全（发音,呼吸和吞咽）得以保留,32例（36．36％）患者喉功能部分（发音和吞咽）得以保留;诱导化疗后总缓解率为77．27％,其中完全缓解率为9．09％,部分缓解率为68．18％。结论 诱导化疗是喉咽癌有效的治疗手段,保留喉功能的综合治疗在喉咽癌治疗中十分主要。     

保留喉功能的T4声门癌的手术治疗

目的 探讨T4声门癌喉功能保留手术的方法和临床疗效。方法 对1982－1998年间22例T4声门癌患者进行手术治疗，切除肿瘤及受累的软骨和喉外组织，以胸骨舌骨肌筋膜瓣、颈阔肌皮瓣、颈阔肌筋膜瓣、甲状软骨膜瓣、下咽黏膜瓣等修复组织缺损，保留会厌或环状软骨板重建喉功能。全部患者均接受术后放射治疗（5000－6000cGy)。结果 全组病例3年生存率86．4％（19／22），5年生存率75．0％（15／20）。喉功能恢复（吞咽保护、呼吸、发音）为68．2％（15／22），喉功能部分恢复（吞咽保护、发音）31．8％（7／22）。结论 T4声门癌尽管可累及喉软骨和喉外组织，但经仔细选择的病例在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下保留喉功能是可行的。     

下咽癌累及颈段食管的处理

目的总结下咽癌累及颈段食管的处理经验。方法回顾性分析1989年—2000年48例累及颈段食管的下咽癌患者的手术治疗情况，其中男38例，女10例；年龄26～71岁，平均54．3岁。梨状窝癌33例，下咽后壁区癌14例，环后癌1例，均无远处转移。根据UICC1997年TNM分期标准均为T4M0期，其中cN0 28例，cNl 15例，cN2 5例。喉全切除术8例，喉部分切除残喉气管瓣修复下咽17例，23例保留了喉功能。所有病例均行改良性颈清扫术，其中单侧清扫38例，双侧清扫10例。患侧甲状腺叶切除42例。下咽食管缺损的修复方法分别为：喉气管瓣修复11例，胸大肌肌皮瓣13例，喉气管瓣＋胸大肌肌皮瓣6例，裂层皮片＋胸大肌肌皮瓣10例，胃上提咽胃吻合3例，结肠上徙5例。术后均接受放射治疗，剂量为55—75Gy。结果手术证实颈部淋巴结转移20例病理诊断；高分化鳞状细胞癌18例，中分化鳞状细胞癌24例，低分化鳞状细胞癌6例。术后并发症包括胸部刀口裂开1例，咽瘘10例。直接法计算生存率，失访2例以死亡计。全组患者3、5年生存率分别为52．1％（25／48）和27．3％（12／44）。保留喉功能组3、5年生存率分别为65．2％（15／23）和33．3％（7／21），不保留喉功能组3、5年生存率分别为40．0％（10／25）和21．7％（5／23）。23例保留了喉功能，15例患者拔除了气管套管，恢复了全部喉功能（发音、呼吸、吞咽保护），8例患者恢复了部分喉功能（发音、吞咽保护），拔管率为65．2％（15／23）。结论下咽癌累及颈段食管的处理以手术＋放疗的综合治疗为主，需行患侧颈清扫术，应尽量保留喉功能，无法保留喉功能时可以采用喉气管瓣或联合裂层皮片、胸大肌肌皮瓣修复下咽颈段食管缺损，颈段食管缺损较大时则采用胃或结肠代替。     

喉咽癌手术及综合治疗的临床资料分析

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preservation of laryngeal function for the patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-three cases of hypopharyngeal cancer with surgical management were reviewed retrospectively, and 222 cases were originated from pyriform sinus, 13 from post-cricoid, and 21 from posterior pharyngeal wall. Radiotherapy (37 cases), operation only (56 cases) and the combined treatment (operation plus radiation or chemotherapy, 200 cases) were adopted. 159 cases were treated with function preserved laryngectomy and 97 with total laryngectomy. RESULTS: The 5 year survival rates of patient with laryngeal function preserved and no laryngeal function preserved were 51.3%, 47.6% (for stage III); 40.4%, 43.3% (for stage IV), respectively. There were no significant differences in 5-year survival between the functionally preserved group and no functioned group (P > 0.05). The analysis of survival rates revealed a significant difference between combined therapy and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between the survive rates of function preserved and non-preserved groups. Conservation laryngectomy improves the quality of patient's life, and combined therapy is the best choice for hypopharyngeal cancer.     

保留喉功能的梨状窝癌的手术治疗

目的 探讨保留喉功能的梨状窝癌的手术治疗的可行性及相关技术方法。方法1978-1996年山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉科对230例梨状窝鳞癌进行手术治疗，根据1997年UICC分期标准，Ⅰ期6例，Ⅱ期10例，Ⅲ期91例，Ⅳ期123例。根据病变的具体情况，采用不同的肿瘤切除方式和多种方法进行组织缺损的修复。在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下，保留可利用的正常组织进行咽喉功能重建。共行保留喉功能手术158例，不保留喉功能手术72例。术后根据需要行辅助放射治疗。结果全组患者3年生存率为67．4％(155／230)，5年生存率为48．3％(111／230)，各期5年生存率分别为I期5／6，Ⅱ期70．0％(7／10)，Ⅲ期57．1％(52／91)，Ⅳ期38．2％(47／123)。保留喉功能组3、5年生存率分别为67．7％(107／158)和50．0％(79／158)，不保留喉功能组3、5年生存率分别为66．7％(48／72)和43．1％(31／72)。158例保留喉功能，其中喉功能全部恢复(发音、呼吸、吞咽保护)占75．3％(119／158)，喉功能部分恢复(发音、吞咽保护)占24．7％(39／158)。结论保留喉功能的梨状窝癌的手术治疗是可行的，根据具体情况合理选用咽喉功能重建方法是提高患者生活质量的重要保证。     

Results of surgical treatment alone for primary subglottic carcinoma

Primary subglottic carcinoma is rare and surgery is the most common therapeutic strategy for Chinese patients with this disease. To retrospectively evaluate surgically treated primary subglottic carcinoma treated with surgery. Patients with primary subglottic carcinoma who initially underwent surgery from 2005-2010 were grouped by surgical procedures with or without laryngeal function preservation and reviewed. Of 1815 patients with laryngeal cancer, 23 had a subglottic origin. Of these, 21 initially underwent surgery; 12 had ‘early’ (stage I/II) disease, and nine had ‘advanced’ (stage III/IV) disease. The actuarial 5-year OS was 73.9% [95% confidence interval (54.1% ～ 93.7%)] for patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Among patients with early disease, the 5-year OS and DFS were 80% for partial laryngectomy and 71.4% for total laryngectomy. Patients with advanced disease underwent total laryngectomy, and the 5-year OS and DFS were 62.5%. Satisfactory oncologic outcomes can be achieved with initial surgery. Patients with early disease who underwent partial laryngectomy had a comparable prognosis to those who underwent total laryngectomy; deglutition and speech function were maintained.     

保留喉功能的下咽后壁癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨保留喉功能的下咽后壁癌手术治疗的可行性及相关技术方法。方法：对35例下咽后壁癌患者进行手术治疗,根据病变的具体情况,采用不同的肿瘤切除方式和多种方法进行组织缺损的修复。在彻底切除肿瘤的前提下,保留可利用的正常组织进行咽喉功能重建。行保留喉功能手术27例,未保留喉功能手术8例。术后根据需要行辅助放疗。结果：本组病例3年生存率为45．7％,5年生存率为28．6％。27例保留喉功能,其中喉功能全部恢复（发声、呼吸和吞咽保护）16例,占45．7％,喉功能部分恢复（发声、吞咽保护）11例,占31．4％。本组患者死于颈部淋巴结转移9例,肿瘤局部复发10例,肺部转移2例,颈部大出血1例,心脏病2例,原因不明1例。结论：保留喉功能的下咽后壁癌的手术治疗是可行的,熟练掌握肿瘤切除技术并根据需要合理选用咽喉功能重建方法是提高患者生活质量的重要保证。     

伴有声带运动障碍的下咽癌手术

目的 探讨手术治疗伴有声带运动障碍下咽癌患者喉功能保留的可能性.方法 回顾性分析手术治疗伴有声带运动障碍的下咽癌26例患者的临床资料,其中梨状窝内侧壁癌23例,前壁癌2例,环后癌1例;T220例,T3 4例,T42例.全部患者均行梨状窝切除+喉部分切除术,切缘术中冰冻病理检查.残留下咽黏膜缝合修复5例,会厌复合组织瓣转移修复21例,术后均给予放射治疗.结果 全部患者3、5年生存率分别为61.4%、50.8%,喉功能全部恢复者(发音、呼吸及存咽保护功能)20例(76.9%),喉功能部分恢复者(发音及吞咽保护功能)6例(23.1%).结论 对伴有声带运动障碍的下咽癌患者,经过选择可行保留喉功能手术,以提高患者的生活质量.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the feasibility of laryngeal function preservation in surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma with restrained vocal cord motility. Methods Twenty-six cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma with restrained vocal cord motility treated with conservative hypopharyngectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Partial resection of pyriform sinus and partial laryngectomy were performed.The hypopharyngeal wounds were repaired by remaining hypopharyngeal mucosa in 5 cases and by epiglottis complex flaps in 21 cases. All patients received postoperative radiotherapies. Results The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 61.4% and 50. 8% respectively. Laryngeal functions ( voice, respiration and deglutition) were completely restored in 20 cases (76. 9% ) and partial laryngeal functions (voice and deglutition) were restored in 6 cases (23. 1% ). Conclusions To improve the postoperative life quality of the patients, the preservative surgery is feasible for some selected cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma with restrained vocal cord motility.     

Limited Surgery for Cancer of the Larynx and Hypopharynx: Options and Consequences

We reviewed surgical options for laryngeal preservation (limited surgery) in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and the consequences of the options. Of 44 patients with laryngeal cancer, 11 (25%) received limited surgery and 33 (75%) received total laryngectomy. The survival rates were 91% for the limited surgery group and 73% for the total (radical) surgery group. Of 31 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, 7 (23%) received limited surgery and 24 (77%) received total laryngopharyngectomy. The survival rates were 53% for the limited surgery group and 40% for the total (radical) surgery group. The survival rates associated with limited surgery were thus better than those for total (radical) surgery for cancers of both the larynx and hypopharynx. This was attributed to the limited surgery group comprising well-selected patients with confined lesions. Organ preservation surgery should be technically simple, reliable in terms of its functional impact and, above all, should not jeopardize the patient's survival. Supracricoid subtotal laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy or cricohyoido-pexy has great potential for laryngeal preservation and will become the major limited surgery modality for treating cancer of the larynx. Limited surgery, however, needs to be performed with great care and is indicated only for very well-selected patients with cancer of the hypopharynx.     

Limited surgery for cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx: options and consequences

We reviewed surgical options for laryngeal preservation (limited surgery) in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and the consequences of the options. Of 44 patients with laryngeal cancer, 11 (25%) received limited surgery and 33 (75%) received total laryngectomy. The survival rates were 91% for the limited surgery group and 73% for the total (radical) surgery group. Of 31 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer, 7 (23%) received limited surgery and 24 (77%) received total laryngopharyngectomy. The survival rates were 53% for the limited surgery group and 40% for the total (radical) surgery group. The survival rates associated with limited surgery were thus better than those for total (radical) surgery for cancers of both the larynx and hypopharynx. This was attributed to the limited surgery group comprising well-selected patients with confined lesions. Organ preservation surgery should be technically simple, reliable in terms of its functional impact and, above all, should not jeopardize the patient's survival. Supracricoid subtotal laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy or cricohyoido-pexy has great potential for laryngeal preservation and will become the major limited surgery modality for treating cancer of the larynx. Limited surgery, however, needs to be performed with great care and is indicated only for very well-selected patients with cancer of the hypopharynx.     

Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus: substitution by the colon and stomach]

Thirty-one cases with hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 4 cases with esophageal carcinoma in cervical segment were treated surgically from April 1984 to April 1989. In 6 cases, while preserving the larynx, the hypopharynx and the esophagus were resected and reestablished by the colon. In 29 cases, total laryngectomy was also performed and 4 had their hypopharynx and esophagus substituted by the colon and 25 by the stomach. According to UICC (1982), there were 11 cases in stage II, 15 in stage III and 9 in stage IV. The mean 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 62% and 32% respectively. In fatal cases, 4 cases had recurrences at the site of pharyngeal anastomoses and 11 had metastases in the neck.     

Organ preservation in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma by primary radiochemotherapy. Results of a multicenter phase II study

Introduction. Regarding the promising results of international trials we conducted the first German prospective multicentre phase II trial for organ preservation with primary simultaneous chemoradiation in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Patients and methods. 28 of 30 recruited patients suffering from stage II and III (UICC) laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer were treated with primary simultaneous chemoradiation within an organ preservation program and monitored in follow-up of one year. Exclusion criteria included tumor infiltration of the laryngeal cartilage, bilateral neck nodes (N2c) and need for flap reconstruction in case of laryngectomy. The protocol included an accelerated concomitant boost chemoradiation (66 Gy) with Carboplatinum (70 mg/m² 1st and 5th week) and a restaging procedure one month after therapy. In case of residual disease, salvage laryngectomy and/or neck dissection were performed. Results. After follow-up of one year 20 of 28 patients (71%) were presented with stable complete remission and functionally preserved larynx. Of these 20 patients 3 developed pulmonary metastases, 1 secondary primary carcinoma of the lung and 3 neck metastases which needed neck dissections. The other patients showed in 4 cases relapsing tumor which was indicated for laryngectomy. One patient needed tracheotomy because of persisting edema and 2 patients died due to tumor progress. One patient died after complications due to salvage surgery. Conclusion. The organ preservation protocol was feasible with well tolerated early toxicity. Problems of screening for recurrent disease, salvage surgery and late toxicity should be noted and pronounced in patient information. Further studies should focus on the improvement of patient selection which could be realized by induction Chemotherapy (using new components like taxan) and/or use of prediction factors such as tumor volume and hemoglobin levels.