经瞳孔温热疗法治疗老年黄斑变性合并脉络膜新生血管

目的观察经瞳孔温热疗法（TTT）治疗老年性黄斑变性（AMD）合并脉络膜新生血管（CNV）的疗效。方法应用810nin半导体激光，对52例（58只眼）经荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）和吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影（ICGA）确诊的AMD合并黄斑区CNV患者进行TIT治疗。激光功率130～160mW／mm光斑直径。根据视力、视网膜出血和CNV渗漏变化作为疗效评定标准，随访3～18个月。结果末次随访矫正视力提高1〉2行者19只眼（32．7％），不变30只眼（51．7％），下降〉12行者9只眼（15．5％）；其中视力〉0．3者8只眼（13．7％），0．1～0．3者15只眼（25．8％），〈0．1者35只眼（60．3％）。所有患者治疗过程中无不适反应，有3例（3只眼）病灶处视网膜可见轻微发灰，中心视力下降2～3行，2个月后完全恢复。1周时2例（2只眼）出血增加，2～3个月时2例（2只眼）出现视网膜色素上皮撕裂。末诊时9只眼（17．3％）机化瘢痕形成或增厚；22只眼视网膜出血中完全吸收18只眼（81．8％）；6只眼（10．3％）出现新出血。FFA和ICGA复查，CNV闭合荧光渗漏消失或减轻40只眼（76．9％）；加重5只眼（9．6％）；新出现3只眼（5．8％）。结论TIT是治疗AMD合并CNV的一种安全、有效、价格相对便宜的方法，早期诊断、治疗CNV对提高和保存有用视力意义重大，目前更适合国内应用。     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性

年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是老年人致盲的常见原因。根据其临床表现可分为干性和湿性。湿性AMD以视网膜色素上皮（RPE）下有活跃的脉络膜新生血管（CNV）为主要特征，而引起视力下降的主要原因是CNV引起的黄斑区反复出血、渗出、瘢痕改变，视力预后极差。经瞳孔温热疗法（TTT）是一种治疗继发于AMD的CNV的较新方法，采用直径可调节的大光斑，穿透深的激光连续照射，使靶组织缓慢升温，在消除CNV病灶的同时又相对保存病变表面视网膜的结构和功能。就TTT治疗AMD的应用发展、特点、临床疗效、治疗方法以及可能出现的并发症等作一综述。     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性

经瞳孔温热疗法(TTT)是近年来应用于脉络膜新生血管(CNV)治疗的一种新方法。本文对12例12眼AMD患者行TTT后的近期疗效作初步分析。     

老年性黄斑变性的经瞳孔温热治疗

经瞳孔温热治疗(transpupillary thermotherapy,TTT)作为一种治疗眼底病的新方法已日益发挥出其独特的作用,根据其能使脉络膜新生血管闭塞的作用,近年来用于老年黄斑变性(age—related macular degeneration,AMD)的治疗,并取得可喜进展。现介绍TTT的历史发展、原理以及在AMD治疗中的临床应用现状及前景。     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性的临床疗效观察

目的
评价经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy,TTT)治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration, AMD）的临床疗效。
方法
回顾分析62例确诊为AMD的患者的62只患眼TTT治疗的临床资料。62例AMD患眼中，行荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)检查者58例，吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography ,ICGA)检查者42例，光相干断层成像术(optic coherence tomography, OCT)检查者56例。激光治疗机波长为810 nm，光斑0.5～3.0 mm,能量60～400 mW,照射时间60 s。62例患者治疗后随访观察1～10个月，平均随访观察时间4.8个月，分析末次随访视力与治疗前视力以及OCT复查资料。
结果
视力不变者43例，占69.4%；进步者15例，占24.2%；下降者4例，占6.5%。51例OCT复查者中，黄斑水肿不变者29例，占56.96%；好转者18例，占38.3%；恶化者4例，占7.8%。视力改善与OCT黄斑水肿的形态改善相一致者38只眼，占OCT检查者的74.5%；视力改善滞后于黄斑水肿形态改善者13只眼，占25.5%。再次行TTT治疗者18只眼，占接受TTT治疗者的29.0%。治疗随访期间无明显治疗副作用。
结论
TTT治疗能使大部分渗出性AMD患眼视力稳定或提高，使用安全，但激光治疗参数尚需进一步探索。
(中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 180-183)     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗老年黄斑变性所致黄斑中心凹下脉络膜新生血管的长期观察

目的:评价经瞳孔温热疗法(TTT)治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)所致黄斑中心凹下脉络膜新生血管(CNV)的长期疗效。方法:AMD所致黄斑中心凹下脉络膜新生血管14例14眼。平均年龄67.1岁。记录详尽的眼科检查结果,拍摄彩色眼底相,并行黄斑部光学相干断层成像(OCT)检查。在初诊及随后的复诊中行眼底荧光素血管造影和吲哚青绿血管造影。TTT的治疗参数为:时间1min,光斑大小2 ~3mm,激光能量650 ~800mW。随诊时间5 ~64mo,平均28.6mo。结果:在14眼中,典型性CNV有10眼,典型为主性有2眼,1眼为少量典型性,1型隐匿性CNV有1眼。共4例患者出现治疗后出血,均在短期内吸收。有1眼在治疗后立刻出现了黄斑无灌注区。多数患眼在随诊中可见渗出逐渐减少。在平均28.6mo的随诊中,14只患眼,有5眼视力提高,8眼保持稳定,1眼视力下降。结论:经瞳孔温热疗法在AMD患者中能封闭黄斑中心凹下的CNV,促进网膜下积液的迅速吸收,从而稳定患者的视力。它可以作为一种治疗典型和典型为主性黄斑中心凹下脉络膜新生血管的激光治疗手段。     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗脉络膜新生血管的临床研究

目的探讨经瞳孔温热疗法(TTT)治疗老年性黄斑变性(AMD)及高度近视患者脉络膜新生血管(CNV)的临床疗效及安全性。方法分别对经眼底血管造影证实有经典型或隐匿型CNV的33例37眼AMD或高度近视患者进行TTT治疗。TTT各光斑平均功率密度为(18.32±2.23)W/cm2。定期随访视力、眼底等,平均随访(3.7±2.3)个月(1～7个月)。结果经过1次或多次TTT治疗,17眼(45.9%)症状减轻或消失;视力稳定或提高者32眼(86.5%),下降≥1行者5眼(13.5%);7眼于TTT过程中视网膜出血增加,3眼随访过程中出现其他部位的新鲜出血。在行造影复查的患者(22例22眼)中,14眼(63.6%)渗漏减轻或消失。结论TTT治疗CNV是一种安全、有效的方法,但其疗效的最终评价以及激光参数的选择依据等需要进一步大样本、长时间的临床研究。     

老年性黄斑变性的经瞳孔温热治疗

经瞳孔温热治疗（transpupillary thermotherapy，TTT）作为一种治疗眼底病的新方法已日益发挥出其独特的作用，根据其能使脉络膜新生血管闭塞的作用，近年来用于老年黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration，AMD）的治疗，并取得可喜进展。现介绍TTT的历史发展、原理以及在AMD治疗中的临床应用现状及前景。     

光学相干断层扫描在经瞳孔温热疗法治疗老年性黄斑变性中的应用

目的　探讨光学相干断层扫描 (OCT)对经瞳孔温热疗法 (TTT)治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性 (AMD )的临床应用价值。方法　对渗出型AMD3 5例 ( 3 6眼 )进行光学相干断层扫描(OCT)、荧光素眼底血管造影 (FFA)、吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影 (ICGA )检查。根据FFA、ICGA和OCT检查结果 ,明确CNV位置、范围和大小 ,采用半导体红外激光 ( 810nm)进行TTT治疗 ,并对其疗效进行评价。结果　TTT治疗后视力提高者 10眼 ,占 2 7 8% ;视力稳定不变者 17眼 ,占47 2 % ;视力下降者 9眼 ,占 2 5 %。OCT复查结果为 11眼 ( 3 0 6% )黄斑水肿消失 ;14眼( 3 8 9% )黄斑水肿减轻 ;8眼 ( 2 2 2 % )无变化 ;3眼 ( 8 3 % )黄斑水肿加重。CNV消失 12眼( 3 3 3 % ) ,CNV缩小 19眼 ( 5 2 8% ) ,CNV无变化 3眼 ( 8 3 % ) ,CNV增大 2眼 ( 5 6% ) ;治疗后视网膜厚度明显变薄 (P <0 0 0 1)。黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮层厚度与视力呈负相关 (r =0 4963 ,P =0 0 0 1)。结论　OCT可客观、精确地显示CNV的位置、大小范围及视网膜水肿的变化程度 ,对指导TTT治疗AMD和疗效评价有着重要价值。     

Visual function following transpupillary thermotherapy with adjusted laser parameters for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) using adjusted laser parameters for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: TTT was performed on patients with CNV using a diode laser (810 nm) for 60 s in a subthreshold manner. Power settings were varied between 460 and 1200 mW, depending on lesion size, presence of pigment epithelial detachment and the amount of fundal pigmentation and subretinal fluid. LogMAR visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson) and metamorphopsia (Amsler chart) were assessed prior to and 6 months following treatment. Subjects also self-administered the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirty occult/minimally classic and eight predominantly classic membranes were treated with TTT. At 6 months, absence or significant reduction of fluorescein leakage was observed in 20 (53%) patients. Stabilization of vision (loss of less than 15 letters) was observed in 25/30 (83%) eyes with occult/minimally classic CNV and 5/8 (63%) eyes with predominantly classic CNV. Improvement of contrast sensitivity was noted in 15 (35%) eyes, in 10 (26%) eyes it remained unchanged and in 13 (34%) eyes it deteriorated. There was no statistically significant effect of TTT on the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire composite or subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: TTT using adjusted parameters depending on fundal characteristics appears to be effective in stabilizing subjective and objective visual ability in a considerable number of patients with subfoveal CNV due to age-related macular degeneration. Larger-scale studies are required to confirm the benefit of this technique as opposed to the natural history of occult CNV.     

Subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy for subfoveal occult choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration

Purpose. To describe the long term outcome of patients with subfoveal, occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treated with subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy. Methods. 82 eyes of 82 consecutive patients with subfoveal occult CNV secondary to AMD were treated with subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy. Best corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography were performed. Results. All patients have been followed for at least 24 months. At the final follow-up visit, 75.6% of patients had stable or improved visual acuity and 24.4% had worsened visual acuity. No overtreatment side effects were found. Conclusion. Subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy seems effective in stabilizing visual acuity in patients affected by occult, subfoveal CNV even on a long-term basis.     

经瞳温热疗法治疗湿性年龄相关黄斑变性的疗效观察

目的：探讨经瞳温热疗法（transpupillary thermotherapy,TTT）治疗湿性年龄相关黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration,ARMD）的初步疗效.方法：对9例14眼经眼底检查、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）和吲哚菁绿眼底血管造影（indocyanine green angiography,ICGA）确诊为湿性ARMD（12眼为隐匿型、2眼为经典型）的患眼行TTT治疗.根据脉络膜新生血管膜（choroidal neovascular membrane,CNV）的范围选择不同的光斑大小和能量,术后对眼底改变、视力、眼底血管造影复查,随访1～22（平均11.67）mo,以观察疗效.结果：经TTT治疗后,至末次复查时11眼（79%）出血、水肿、渗出消失、病灶斑痕化,3眼（21%）的出血、水肿、渗出明显减轻.5位患者的8眼患眼有TTT后的FFA及ICGA复查,显示其中6眼的原病灶渗漏消失、CNV消退,2眼的渗漏明显减轻.治疗后视力提高的有4眼（29%）,稳定的有7眼（50%）,下降的有3眼（21%）.除2位患者的2只患眼（14%）分别在第一次治疗后的第4和第5mo经造影复查后,接受了原病灶的再次TTT外,其余患眼（86%）均只进行了一次TTT.结论：TTT对湿性ARMD有较明确的疗效,经济安全,其远期疗效需更多病例观察.     

Long-term efficacy of transpupillary thermotherapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To determine the long-term efficacy of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients with subfoveal CNV secondary to AMD were treated with diode laser (810nm) TTT. The mean age was 67.1 years. Complete ophthalmic examination was done, color fundus photographs and macular optical coherence tomography scans were taken, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography were performed during initial and at subsequent follow-up examinations. Treatment was given in one minute using 2-3mm spot sizes, and laser power settings were between 650-800mW. The follow-up period was between 5 and 64 months and the mean was 28.6 months. RESULTS: There was subfoveal classic CNV in 10, predominantly classic CNV in 2, minimally classic CNV in 1, and type 1 occult CNV in one of the fourteen eyes. Four patients were noted to have post-treatment hemorrhage which was absorbed in a short time. Macular non-perfusion occurred in one patient immediately after treatment. Most of the eyes demonstrated a decrease in exudation during the follow-up. With a mean follow-up of 28.6 months, visual acuity improved in 5, remained the same in 8 and decreased in 1 of the 14 eyes. CONCLUSION: Transpupillary thermotherapy is shown to close subfoveal CNV with rapid resolution of subretinal fluid while maintaining visual function in patients with AMD. It may be performed as an alternative laser treatment in classic and predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to AMD.     

玻璃体腔注射Ranibizumab联合经瞳孔温热疗法治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性

目的：观察玻璃体腔注射Ranibizumab联合经瞳孔温热疗法( TTT)治疗渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性的临床疗效及安全性。方法：选取来我院就诊并通过病史、临床症状及眼底血管照影(FFA/ICGA)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)等辅助检查确诊的渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性的患者160例(160眼),随机分为联合组和对照组,联合组给予单次行玻璃体腔注射Ranibizumab,7d后行TTT治疗,对照组仅行TTT治疗,随访1a,分别于治疗后1wk;1,6mo;1a,观察患者的最佳矫正视力、散瞳后眼底的变化及眼底血管照影( FFA/ICGA)及OCT的检查。
　　结果：观察期末,联合组最佳矫正视力提高34例(42.50%),对照组最佳矫正视力提高16例(20.00%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1wk;1,6mo;1a联合组和对照组的荧光渗透有效率分别为(88.75%,62.50%);(91.25%,65.00%);(86.25%,61.25%);(78.75%,51.25%)。治疗后1 wk;1,6 mo;1 a联合组和对照组黄斑中心厚度分别为：(347.43±36.96)μm 和(423.58±29.03)μm;(287.78±34.16)μm和(387.14±32.98)μm;(301.75±37.21)μm和(415.40±31.38)μm;(326.17±27.39)μm 和(436.44±35.49)μm,两组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：玻璃体腔注射Ranibizumab联合经瞳孔温热疗法治疗渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性,能够使患者的视力得到改善,病灶渗漏停止或减轻,促进黄斑区出血、水肿及渗出的吸收,安全、疗效可靠,是一种有效的临床治疗方法。     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗渗出型相关性黄斑变性的临床观察

目的 观察经瞳孔温热疗法(TTT)对渗出型老年性黄斑变性(AMD)的临床效果。方法 对19例荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)和吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)检查确诊为AMD的患者的22只患眼进行TTT治疗。采用810mm半导体激光，光斑0．5～3．0mm，能量200～400mW，照射时间60s。对三面镜眼底检查、FFA、ICGA图像所显示的脉络膜新生血管(CNV)进行照射，照射区未出现颜色变化或旱淡灰白色。对比分析患者治疗前后视力、眼底及OCT检查。结果 22患眼治疗后1～10个月，平均随访观察时间4．8个月，视力不变者13例，占59．1％；进步者7例，占31．8％；下降者2例，占9．1％。20眼OCT复查者中，黄斑水肿不变者11例，占55％；好转者7例，占35％；恶化者2例，占10％。再次行TTT治疗者5眼，占接受TTT治疗者的22．7％。治疗随访期间无明显治疗副作用。结论 TTT治疗能使大部分渗出性AMD患眼视力稳定或提高，使用安全，值得临床推广应用。     

Comparison of photodynamic therapy and transpupillary thermotherapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare photodynamic therapy (PDT) against subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) with a diode laser for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD were offered PDT as an initial intervention. If they declined PDT, then TTT was offered. RESULTS: We evaluated and followed 115 consecutive patients for an average of 1 year. The primary outcome measure was visual acuity, but the interventions were also compared on the basis of lesion size and angiographically determined lesion activity. Baseline comparisons between the 2 treatment groups showed significant differences in pretreatment visual acuity, lesion size, and lesion composition. Univariate analysis of outcomes demonstrated equivalence between the treatment groups in final lesion size, angiographic activity, and visual acuity. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated equivalence between the treatment groups in final visual acuity while controlling for age, pretreatment visual acuity, and lesion category. Predominantly classic lesions were associated with poorer visual outcomes. INTERPRETATION: The PDT and TTT groups were equivalent in terms of all outcome parameters evaluated.     

经瞳孔温热疗法新进展

经瞳孔温热疗法（transpupillary thermotheraphy，TTT）采用810nm激光，治疗后极部多种体积较小的脉络膜视网膜肿瘤。近年来，人们摒弃了治疗时视网膜上需产生不同程度可见光斑的传统光凝治疗观念，TTT试图以不产生可见反应或仅见轻微颜色反应来治疗脉络膜新生血管膜。本文综述了此方法的研究进展。