由脐血单个核细胞和富集的CD34+细胞扩增的造血干/祖细胞的生理功能比较

目的 探讨由脐血单个核细胞(MNC)和富集的CD34+细胞起始扩增所得的造血干/祖细胞在体内植入及造血重建的能力.方法 从人脐血中分离出MNC和CD34+细胞,在体外扩增7 d.将非肥胖糖尿病型重症联合免疫缺陷型(NOD/SCID)小鼠分为四组,在接受亚致死剂量铯源照射后,进行细胞移植,实验A组接受由MNC培养得到的CD34+细胞和CD34-细胞;实验B组接受由富集的CD34+细胞培养得到的CD34+细胞和CD34-细胞;阳性对照组接受从脐血新鲜分离的CD34+细胞和CD34-细胞;阴性对照组不接受细胞移植,仅输注相同体积的IMDM培养基.6周后处死存活的小鼠,取其骨髓、脾脏和外周血细胞,分别进行细胞表型分析、集落和人特异性基因的检测.结果 经过体外扩增,以富集的CD34+细胞起始培养者的细胞总扩增倍数为39.8倍,远高于以MNC为起始细胞者的1.88倍.移植6周后,所有接受细胞移植的小鼠均存活,存活小鼠的骨髓和脾脏细胞中均能检测到人源细胞(CD45+细胞)及人源的各系血细胞,实验A组各类细胞的含量稍高于实验B组,且接受细胞移植小鼠的骨髓和脾脏细胞中可检测出人特异的Alu序列.结论 与从脐血中新鲜分离的细胞相比,扩增后的造血干/祖细胞的体内植入能力有所下降,以MNC起始扩增的造血干/祖细胞体内植入能力优于以富集的CD34+细胞起始扩增者,但二者体内造血重建能力的差异不显著.     

人脐血单个核细胞体外扩增后植入NOD/SCID小鼠重建多系造血

目的探讨人脐血单个核细胞（MNC）体外扩增后植入能力的改变，以及对NOD／SCID小鼠造血重建的影响。方法采用不同细胞因子组合对人脐血MNC进行短期无血清培养扩增，比较扩增后的效果及细胞凋亡的变化；将扩增6d后的人脐血MNC植入经半致死剂量照射的NOD／SCID小鼠体内，观察小鼠6周后的存活率和造血重建情况。结果人脐血MNC在干细胞因子（SCF）、酪氨酸激酶受体3配基（FL）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和白细胞介素3（IL-3）细胞因子共同作用下，培养6～11）d获得最佳扩增效果，同时细胞表面膜联蛋白V（Annxin V）的表达明显减少；移植6周后有55．6％的小鼠存活，存活小鼠的骨髓、脾和胸腺细胞中均能检测出人类CD45、CD34、CD33、CD3和CDl9抗原，外周血提取的DNA可检测出人特异的Cart—Ⅰ基因和Alu基因。结论SCF＋FL＋IL-6＋IL-3细胞因子协同作用能有效扩增人脐血MNC，MNC扩增6d后可成功植入N（）D／SCID小鼠体内，并帮助小鼠重建多系造血。     

人脐血造血干/祖细胞的磁力搅拌悬浮培养及移植实验

目的 探讨磁搅拌大规模培养体系对人脐血造血祖细胞的扩增效果以及扩增的人造血祖细胞植入动物体内后的造血重建情况.方法 从新鲜抗凝脐血中分离出单个核细胞(MNC),以添加干细胞因子、酪氨酸激酶受体3配基及血小板生成素的无血清培养体系进行培养.静态扩增组的细胞置于T25培养瓶中培养,磁搅拌悬浮扩增组(磁搅拌扩增组)的细胞采用Celstir装置进行培养,培养体系为50～100 ml.培养7 d后进行细胞计数、集落培养检测和细胞表面分子表达的测定.以不进行培养者为对照组.非肥胖糖尿病重症联合免疫缺陷(NOD/SCID)小鼠在接受2.5 Gy的亚致死剂量X射线照射后分别从尾静脉输入上述静态扩增组、磁搅拌扩增组和对照组的MNC(5×106个),另设不移植的空白对照组.观察小鼠的存活情况,6周后处死存活小鼠,检测骨髓细胞中CD34+细胞、CD3+细胞、CD19+细胞、CD33+细胞及CD45+细胞的含量以及人特异的Cart-Ⅰ和Alu基因的表达.结果 经过7天的培养,磁搅拌扩增组的造血祖细胞扩增倍数为(2.8±0.45)倍,明显高于静态扩增组的(2.1±0.48)倍(P<0.01).磁搅拌扩增组形成的红系集落、粒-巨噬细胞集落数均明显高于静态扩增组(P<0.05).静态扩增组扩增后的CD34+细胞、CD34+CD38-细胞和CD133+细胞含量均高于磁搅拌扩增组(P<0.05),而CD184+细胞和CD62L+细胞含量低于磁搅拌扩增组(P<0.01).移植后6周,对照组、静态扩增组和磁搅拌扩增组分别有3、4、5只小鼠存活,三组间两两比较,6周存活率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).存活6周的小鼠,其骨髓中能检人特异性CD34+细胞,以及CD3+细胞、CD19+细胞、CD33+细胞及CD45+细胞,也检测到人Alu基因和Cart-Ⅰ基因的表达.结论 磁搅拌培养能大规模扩增脐带血造血祖细胞,扩增的细胞能植入x射线照射的NOD/SCID小鼠,并重建其多系造血.     

人脐血造血干/祖细胞的生物反应器大规模扩增及移植实验

目的 利用生物反应器大规模扩增人脐血造血干/祖细胞,并通过动物移植实验检验该方法的有效性.方法 采集抗凝脐血10份,分离出单个核细胞(MNC),分别进行生物反应器扩增培养和静态扩增培养.检测扩增前后细胞表面CD34、CD38、CD133、CD184和CD62L分子的表达,并进行造血干/祖细胞集落的培养.取非肥胖糖尿病重症联合免疫缺陷小鼠,以X射线照射后,分为4组,其中MNC组小鼠注射未经扩增培养的MNC;静态扩增组小鼠注射经过静态扩增培养的细胞;反应器扩增组小鼠注射经过生物反应器扩增培养的细胞;空白对照组小鼠注射生理盐水.移植后6周处死存活小鼠,收集骨髓细胞,检测其中CD45+、CD3+、CD19+和CD33+细胞的含量以及人特异的Cart-Ⅰ和Alu基因的表达.结果 生物反应器扩增前MNC为(1.2～2.8)×108个,扩增后为(3.7～12.6)×108个,扩增后的细胞数明显高于静态扩增培养者(P<0.01).经生物反应器扩增后所形成的红系集落形成单位、粒-巨噬细胞集落形成单位数明显高于经静态扩增者(P<0.05).移植6周后,空白对照组小鼠均死亡,MNC组存活率为35%,静态扩增组存活率为30%,反应器扩增组存活率为62.9%,后者明显高于前二者(P<0.05).各组存活小鼠骨髓细胞中均检测到Alu基因和Cart-Ⅰ基因的表达以及人源CD33+、CD45+、CD3+及CD19+细胞.结论 利用生物反应器可大规模扩增人脐血造血干/祖细胞,所得细胞能植入小鼠体内,并能获得造血功能重建.     

体外扩增后的脐血巨核细胞促进血小板在NOD/SCID小鼠体内的植入

目前,脐血造血干细胞移植已成为治疗血液系统疾病的一种主要手段[1].但脐血移植的植入速度慢,尤其是血小板的恢复时间延长,阻碍其广泛应用.非肥胖糖尿病型重症联合免疫缺陷(NOD/SCID)小鼠不仅存在T、B淋巴细胞功能缺陷,而且自然杀伤(NK)细胞功能低下,巨噬细胞功能基本缺失,无溶血性补体,故成为我们研究脐血体外扩增后造血细胞移植的有效动物模型.     

基质细胞联合细胞因子对脐血CD133阳性细胞体外扩增和粘附分子表达的影响

CD133是新近发现的造血干细胞表面标志，众多的实验表明，脐血CD133^＋细胞能在体外得以扩增，我们选用脐血单个核细胞（MNC）作为培养的起始细胞，应用实验室已经建立的胚胎骨髓基质细胞联合细胞因子的造血细胞体外培养体系，研究脐血MNC中CD133^＋细胞在此培养体系的扩增效果，并检测CD133^＋细胞表面粘附分子CD44、CD62L的表达率，评估扩增后的脐血CD133^＋细胞的归巢能力。     

可溶性CD40L联合其他造血细胞生长因子体外扩增人脐血CD34+细胞

目的研究可溶性CD40L(sCD40L)对人脐血CD34 细胞体外扩增和集落形成的影响。方法用磁珠阳性分离纯化法分离脐血CD34 细胞;用造血干细胞体外悬浮培养、集落形成实验以及流式细胞仪检测等方法,观察应用sCD40L对脐血造血干细胞扩增、CD34 细胞增殖及造血集落形成的影响。结果sCD40L能显著增强干细胞因子(SCF)、白细胞介素3(IL-3)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)对脐血干细胞总数和CD34 细胞的扩增作用,并能促进造血集落,尤其是粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)的形成。sCD40L联合其他造血细胞生长因子对脐血CD34 细胞的扩增作用在培养的第7d最显著,当sCD40L浓度为40μg/L时,CD34 细胞的扩增倍数达8.23±1.26。结论sCD40L与SCF、IL-3、EPO、GM-CSF联合应用,对人脐血造血干细胞的体外扩增更为有效。     

骨髓间充质干细胞减轻体外扩增的脐血造血干细胞衰老的作用

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)对脐血造血干细胞体外扩增及抗细胞衰老的作用.方法 从新鲜脐血中分离出CD34+细胞,分别接种在含或不含MSC及细胞因子的培养体系中,取培养10d后的造血干细胞,分别用于细胞计数,集落分析,流式细胞仪检测表面标记,并对培养后的细胞进行β-半乳糖苷酶活性检测,采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测衰老相关基因p16INK4amRNA的表达.结果 体外培养10d后,MSC组、细胞因子组及MSC+细胞因子组对脐血总有核细胞(TNC)、CD34+细胞的体外扩增及克隆形成能力均有支持作用,以MSC+细胞因子组最为明显(P＜0.05),其扩增倍数分别达到(45.3±6.8)倍、(38.4±5.8)倍及(50.2±4.2)倍,但衰老细胞比例及p16INK4amRNA表达倍数则以MSC组最低,MSC+细胞因子组次之,细胞因子组两项指标均为最高(P＜0.05).结论 MSC能更好保护体外扩增的脐血造血干细胞,减少细胞衰老的发生,MSC+细胞因子是有效扩增脐血造血干细胞并保持细胞干性的更理想方法.     

混合脐血移植后造血及免疫重建特性的研究

目的　探讨混合脐血移植重建造血和免疫功能的特点及规律。方法　分别将两份人HLA半相合、不相合混合脐血或单份脐血输入经亚致死量照射后的严重联合免疫缺陷 (SCID)小鼠。观察三组脐血在SCID小鼠体内植入状况及造血和免疫功能重建特性。结果　单份和混合脐血均可在受鼠体内植入 ,形成供 受混合嵌合体 ,植入率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,并能重建人类多系造血 ,且易于向NK和B淋巴细胞方向分化。用多聚酶链反应 序列特异性寡核苷酸 (PCR SSO)探针检测人HLA DQB1基因发现 ,混合脐血移植可有 1份或 2份脐血植入 ,其中造血祖细胞含量和体外集落形成能力高者 ,更易于植入 ,且供者间HLA差异小者 ,趋向两份脐血同时植入。结论　混合脐血移植可重建SCID小鼠造血和免疫功能 ,但造血细胞各谱系分化不均衡。     

人骨髓基质细胞支持脐血单个核细胞体外扩增

目的探讨人骨髓基质细胞(HBMSC)对脐血(CB)单个核细胞(MNC)体外扩增的支持作用及寻找最佳的收获时机。方法将从CB标本中分离出的MNC接种于已建立的无血清培养体系(含或不含HBMSC及细胞因子支持),在0、6、10及14d检测MNC数、CD34 细胞数及集落形成单位(CFU)数。结果在体外培养过程中,各时间点相同条件下,有HBMSC层支持组的各项测量指标均较其他组高(P<0.05),其中HBMSC联合外源性细胞因子组扩增效果最佳。体外培养6～10d时,以上各项指标基本上达到最高值。结论HBMSC联合外源性细胞因子能实现CB在体外的有效扩增,此体系可能是扩增造血干、祖细胞的较理想方案。体外培养6～10d是收获的最佳时间。     

Clinical-scale cultures of cord blood CD34(+) cells to amplify committed progenitors and maintain stem cell activity

We developed a clinical-scale cord blood (CB) cell ex vivo procedure to enable an extensive expansion of committed progenitors--colony-forming cells (CFCs) without impairing very primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). CD34(++) cells, selected from previously cryopreserved and thawed CB units, were cultured in two steps (diluted 1:4 after 6 days) in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L), megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) (100 ng/ml each), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (10 ng/ml) in HP01 serum-free medium. HSC activity was evaluated in a serial transplantation assay, by detection of human cells (CD45, CD33, CD19 and CFC of human origin) in bone marrow (BM) of primary and secondary recipient NOD/SCID mice 6-8 weeks after transplantation. A wide amplification of total cells (～350-fold), CD34(+) cells (～100-fold), and CFC (～130-fold) without impairing the HSC activity was obtained. The activity of a particular HSC subpopulation (SRC(CFC)) was even enhanced.Thus, an extensive ex vivo expansion of CFCs is feasible without impairing the activity of HSCs. This result was enabled by associating antioxidant power of medium with an appropriate cytokine cocktail (i.e., mimicking physiologic effects of a weak oxygenation in hematopoietic environment).     

粒细胞集落刺激因子和干细胞因子对骨髓单个核细胞的动员效率及其机制

目的 联合应用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)和干细胞因子(SCF)动员骨髓单个核细胞,评价其动员效果,探讨CXCL12/CXCR4信号通路在骨髓单个核细胞动员中的作用及机制.方法 将昆明小鼠随机分为两组,治疗组皮下注射重组鼠G-CSF 100μg/(kg·d)和重组鼠SCF25μg/(kg·d),连续使用5d;对照组皮下注射等剂量的生理盐水.每组于不同时间点取小鼠骨髓,分离培养骨髓单个核细胞,计数成纤维样细胞集落形成单位(CFU-F)的个数;应用流式细胞仪分选CD34+ CXCR4+单个核细胞(MNCs);应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定骨髓细胞外液CXCL12a的水平;采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测骨髓CXCL12 mRNA表达变化.结果 应用G-CSF/SCF后,骨髓及外周血中单个核细胞计数较对照组明显增加(P<0.01),CFU-F形成能力显著增强(P<0.05);流式分选表明CD34+ CXCR4+细胞占骨髓CD34+单个核细胞总数的(44.6±8.7)%;RT-PCR和EUSA检测示骨髓CXCL12 mRNA表达下降,骨髓细胞外液CXCL12蛋白也显著下降,两者变化一致.结论 G-CSF/SCF可有效地诱导骨髓单个核细胞动员,其机制可能是通过破坏骨髓CXCL12/CXCR4信号通路平衡,下调CXCL12/CXCR4间相互作用,以促进骨髓单个核细胞动员.     

Ex vivo expansion and transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells supported by mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord blood

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential and are detected in bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, placenta, and umbilical cord blood (UCB). In this study, we examined the ability of UCB-derived MSCs (UCB-MSCs) to support ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from UCB and the engraftment of expanded HSPCs in NOD/SCID mice. The result showed that UCB-MSCs supported the proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ cells in vitro. The number of expanded total nucleated cells (TNCs) in MSC-based culture was twofold higher than cultures without MSC (control cultures). UCB-MSCs increased the expansion capabilities of CD34+ cells, long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs), granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFCs), and high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFCs) compared to control cultures. The expanded HSPCs were transplanted into lethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice to assess the effects of expanded cells on hematopoietic recovery. The number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the peripheral blood of mice transplanted with expanded cells from both the MSC-based and control cultures returned to pretreatment levels at day 25 posttransplant and then decreased. The WBC levels returned to pretreatment levels again at days 45-55 posttransplant. The level of human CD45+ cell engraftment in primary recipients transplanted with expanded cells from the MSC-based cultures was significantly higher than recipients transplanted with cells from the control cultures. Serial transplantation demonstrated that the expanded cells could establish long-term engraftment of hematopoietic cells. UCB-MSCs similar to those derived from adult bone marrow may provide novel targets for cellular and gene therapy.     

Preserved long-term repopulation and differentiation properties of hematopoietic grafts subjected to ex vivo expansion with stem cell factor and interleukin 11.

BACKGROUND: The ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic grafts has been proposed as an efficient procedure for improving the hematological recovery of recipients. The fate of the long-term repopulating cells during the ex vivo manipulation of the graft is, however, a critical issue in ex vivo expansion protocols and ultimately will define the applicability of this new technology in hematopoietic transplants. METHODS: The repopulating ability of mouse hematopoietic samples was determined by means of bone marrow (BM*) competition assays, using congenic strains that express the pan-leukocyte Ly-5.1 and Ly-5.2 antigens. The generation of potential changes in the repopulating properties of human hematopoietic samples subjected to ex vivo expansion was determined by comparing the engraftment of fresh and ex vivo-manipulated CD34+ cord blood cells in irradiated nonobese diabetic/severe-combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. RESULTS: Under our optimized conditions of mouse BM incubation (stem cell factor plus interleukin-11, either with or without macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha or Flt3 ligand), both the short-term and the mid-term repopulating ability of the ex vivo-expanded samples were significantly improved when compared with fresh samples. In the long-term, no changes in the repopulation and differentiation properties of the graft were observed as a result of the ex vivo expansion process. As deduced from the analysis of NOD/SCID mice transplanted with fresh and ex vivo expanded human CD34+ cord blood cells, the in vitro stimulation mediated by SCF/IL-11/FLT3L was capable of preserving the ability of the grafts to repopulate the lympho-hematopoiesis of recipients for at least 3 months. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that under our optimized conditions of ex vivo expansion, the amplification of the hematopoietic progenitors responsible for the short- and mid-term repopulating properties of the graft can take place without compromising the long-term lympho-hematopoietic repopulating properties.     

The assessment of human erythroid output in NOD/SCID mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic stem cells

The third-generation NOD/LtSz-scid/IL2Rγ(null) (NOD/SCID IL2Rγ(null)) mouse represents a significantly improved xenograft model allowing high levels of human leukocyte engraftment over extended follow up. One remaining limitation of this mouse model, however, is the low level of circulating human erythrocytes. We established a practical ex vivo erythroid culture system of xenograft marrow progenitors to enrich for human erythroid progeny. At various time points after transplant, erythroid cells were easily assayed after 17 days of ex vivo culture of xenograft marrow, with nearly all nucleated cells of human origin and approximately 60% human GPA or CD71 positive. We then transplanted cord blood CD34(+) cells marked with a lentiviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Three months later, ex vivo culture of xenograft marrow progenitors showed 41.3% of the cultured erythroid cells were positive for GFP and human CD71, and 56.2% were positive for GFP and human GPA, similar to that of circulating leukocytes at the same time point. Next, G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood CD34(+) cells from a sickle cell trait subject were infused in this mouse model to determine if the hemoglobin pattern could be modeled. CD34(+) cells from the sickle cell trait subject engrafted equally compared to CD34(+) cells from normal subjects, establishing the sickle cell trait phenotype. Lastly, a comparison of adult-derived peripheral blood CD34(+) cells and cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells xenografted mice was made, and long term follow-up demonstrated a recapitulation of the fetal to adult hemoglobin switch. This approach should prove a useful tool for testing strategies for genetic manipulation of erythroid progeny and the study of hemoglobin switching.