耳前长角形切口在复杂颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定术中的应用

目的：探讨应用耳前长角形切口在复杂颧骨复合体骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用效果。方法：在106例复杂颧骨复合体骨折切开复位内固定术中采用耳前长角形切口,术区皮下肿胀分离后沿皮下翻瓣,在颧弓上方2cm切开颞深筋膜浅层并沿此层深面剥离到颧弓,分离显露骨折部位,直视下行骨折复位内固定术。结果：术后通过临床及影像学检查随访,效果满意,无严重并发症。结论：耳前长角形切口结合皮下肿胀分离技术不但为复杂颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定术提供良好的视野,方便骨折复位固定,而且与头皮冠状切口相比大大减少了损伤和出血,值得临床推广。     

应用耳后切口行髁突骨折内固定临床观察

目的　探讨下颌骨髁突骨折内固定术新入路的方法及临床疗效。方法　对25例髁突骨折患者行耳后切口,穿破腮腺组织寻找面神经总干及分支,将分支牵开显露骨折断端直视下复位固定并进行临床分析。结果　25例病例中有24例（96%）术后咬合关系恢复良好,取得了满意的效果。结论　应用耳后切口行髁突骨折内固定术是进行髁突骨折复位内固定的较好方法。     

改良耳屏切口应用于髁突骨折切开复位内固定术的临床观察

目的探讨改良耳屏切口在髁突骨折切开复位内固定术应用的效果。方法 16例髁突骨折患者经改良耳屏切口行髁突骨折切开复位内固定术。方法为沿耳屏切开,在外耳道和腮腺后缘间钝性分离,注意保护耳屏处软骨,把腮腺组织向前牵开,这样能把面神经完整地推向前方,不必专门解剖面神经。直视下觅得两骨折段,按原位置和方向复位,以小型钛板坚固内固定。术后半年复诊。结果 16例病例术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,咬合关系恢复良好,面部形态满意。术后半个月张口度大于3.0 cm,半个月及半年后X线片检查,髁突复位良好,无骨折部位不愈或延迟愈合表现,无内固定物松脱,愈合后瘢痕隐蔽,美观效果好,均无面神经损伤症状,临床疗效满意。结论改良耳屏切口在髁突骨折切开复位内固定术的应用中,由于其切口隐蔽安全,利于保护面神经及重要血管,减少并发症,是一种恢复解剖形态和关节功能的有效方法。     

口腔颌面部创伤

颌间牵引钛钉在颌骨骨折整复中的应用；翼外肌一髁突解剖复位内固定治疗髁突骨折的探讨；颌面部交通事故伤237例临床分析；发际内头皮冠状切口在颧骨颧弓骨折治疗中的应用；眶底骨折钛网修复13例临床分析；颧眶骨折合并眼球内陷的治疗。     

耳下切口经腮腺入路治疗髁突低位骨折 21 例临床报道

目的：探讨耳下切口穿腮腺入路行髁突低位骨折坚固内固定术的临床效果。方法：通过耳下切13经腮腺入路,对21例22侧髁突低位骨折病例施行开放复位坚强内固定术。术后对患者开口度,咬合关系,面神经功能等进行临床疗效分析。结果：21例患者术后咬合关系均恢复良好,开口度最大4．7cm,最小3．3cm,无张13偏斜病例。有2例出现暂时陛面瘫,经过治疗后2月内恢复。手术3月后复查CT,显示所有病例髁突骨折均解剖复位。结论：耳下切口经过腮腺入路手术治疗髁突低位骨折,伤口隐蔽,术后瘢痕小,且能达到解剖复位和坚强内固定的求。     

C臂机引导下颧弓骨折复位固定术的总结

目的:探讨C臂机引导下切开复位长钛板内固定在颧弓骨折治疗中的应用。方法 :2016-01—2018-06,选取颧骨复合体骨折中非粉碎性颧弓骨折的患者共25人,颧弓复位均在C臂机引导下,经口内切口进行,对于稳定性不佳的5人,附加耳屏前小切口,在颧弓表面行长钛板内固定,术后回访3～6个月。结果:所有患者均Ⅰ期愈合,无面神经损伤,患者对外形及张口度满意,术后CT显示颧弓骨折断端对位理想。结论:C臂机能术中即刻评价复位效果,长钛板具有重塑颧弓外形,支撑面部轮廓的作用。     

双重睑切口在颧额缝骨折内固定入路的临床应用

目的　探讨双重睑切口在颧额缝骨折内固定入路的临床应用效果。方法　选取12例颧骨复合体骨折、骨折段移位明显、伴有面部塌陷或张口受限等功能障碍患者,行局部小切口切开复位内固定术,其中颧额缝采用双重睑切口入路,术后评价骨折复位固定、功能和畸形改善、术后瘢痕等情况。结果　所有骨折复位固定方便,患者颧面部外形满意,功能改善明显,术后瘢痕隐蔽。结论　双重睑切口作为颧骨复合体骨折复位内固定其中的手术入路,既能达到骨折复位,又能减少创伤,具有一定的临床使用价值。     

经颌后切口入路治疗髁突骨折

目的:探讨经颌后切口入路治疗髁突中低位骨折的临床效果。方法 :对18例经颌后入路行髁突中低位骨折切开复位内固定术进行回顾分析,评价患者张口度、开口型、咬合关系、面部表情肌功能、涎瘘等临床指标。结果:18例患者术后咬合关系、张口度、开口型均可恢复正常,无面瘫、涎瘘病例出现。术后3个月复查CT片显示髁突解剖复位,骨折断端无成角或裂开。结论:经颌后切口入路治疗髁突中低位骨折,能充分保护面神经分支,最大程度减轻对腮腺腺体创伤,且能达到髁突解剖复位和坚固内固定的治疗效果。     

“S”形切口在20例髁突颈骨折切开复位内固定术中的应用

目的:研究“S”形切口应用于髁突颈骨折切开复位内固定术的临床效果。方法：对20例采用“S”形切口行髁突颈骨折切开复位内固定术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：经过1～4a的术后随访，20例均获得了良好的咬合关系，19例达到正常的张口度，无一例出现面神经受损和腮腺涎瘘等并发症。结论：相对于临床上常用的传统手术切口，“S”形切口具有切口隐蔽、术野暴露好、利于面神经保护、髁突颈复位充分牢靠等优点，值得临床推广。     

经咬肌颌后入路治疗髁突中低位骨折

目的 探讨下颌骨髁突中低位骨折内固定术新入路的方法 及治疗效果.方法 对16例单侧髁突中低位骨折患者沿下颌后作2 cm小切口,顺表浅肌肉腱膜系统(SMAS)表面向前方分离,确认骨折线后钝性分离SMAS,避开腮腺,于咬肌内平行咬肌肌束钝性分离暴露骨折线后,直视下对髁突骨折端进行复位固定.结果 所有患者复位满意,咬合关系良...     

Modification of surgical technique in isolated zygomatic arch fracture repair: seven case studies

Closed reduction is applied in most cases of isolated zygomatic arch fracture. Open reduction and internal rigid fixation through a coronal incision have to be performed in other comminuted arch fractures. The authors introduced an endoscopic-assisted approach via a small preauricular incision to achieve reposition and osteosynthesis of isolated zygomatic arch fractures. The endoscopic-assisted surgical technique was performed in 7 patients with unilateral isolated zygomatic arch fractures. Endoscopically controlled management of the isolated zygomatic arch fracture was feasible in all 7 patients. The follow-up period was 1 year. All preauricular scar and facial lateral contour were aesthetically satisfactory. The endoscope-assisted approach via a small preauricular incision can achieve in situ reduction and fixation in zygomatic arch fracture and it should become an integral part of isolated zygomatic fracture repair, assuming the development of specialized training programs and improvements in endoscopes.     

A preauricular long-corniform approach for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures

IntroductionWe report functional and clinical outcomes following use of a preauricular long-corniform incision for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of mandibular condylar fractures.Materials and methodsPatients with mandibular condylar fractures who underwent ORIF via a 120° preauricular long-corniform incision were included in the study. A total of 78 patients (100 condyles) were included. Follow-up occurred 10 days and 1–6 months after surgery, and included assessments of clinical, functional outcome, complications, and bone fusion.ResultsThere were 38 high neck, 26 low base, and 35 diacapitular condylar fractures. All measures of functional outcome significantly improved over time after surgery regardless of fracture type (all P < 0.001). The vast majority of patients in all fracture type groups had good occlusion (≥88.5%), no pain (≥89.5%), and anatomical reduction 10 days after surgery (≥81.6%). Fracture healing was complete in all patients after 6 months. There were no long-term complications and all patients were satisfied with their postoperative appearance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a preauricular long-corniform incision provides a good visual field during surgery, and allows for effective ORIF of mandibular high neck, low base, and diacapitular condylar fractures, with positive outcomes and minimal postoperative complications.     

头皮冠状切口不同位置切开骨膜对面神经的影响

目的:研究头皮冠状切口手术时,行表浅肌肉腱膜系统(superficial muscle aponeurotic system,SMAS)下分离,不同位置切开骨膜暴露骨折的位置,对面神经颞支、颧支损伤的影响。方法:对27例面中部骨折行头皮冠状切口患者分别采用,方法Ⅰ:沿SMAS下分离至眶上缘上2cm处和颧弓上1.5cm处,先在此切开骨膜和颞深筋膜浅层,分离暴露骨折;方法Ⅱ:沿SMAS下分离至眶上缘和颧弓处,然后再在眶上缘上2cm和颧弓上1.5cm切开直至暴露骨折;方法Ⅲ:同方法Ⅱ分离至眶上缘及颧弓处并直接切开骨膜,暴露骨折。术后7d、1个月、半年随访,对比三种方法的优劣。结果:方法Ⅱ和方法Ⅲ在术后出现不同程度面神经颞支、颧支受损症状,方法Ⅰ术后未出现面神经损伤症状。结论:头皮冠状切口行SMAS下分离至眶上缘上2cm处和颧弓上1.5cm处,切开暴露骨折,是一种临床安全可行的方法。     

髁突下骨折手术复位入路的改进

目的：探讨髁突下骨折切开复位内固定的新入路。方法：对6N（8侧）髁突下骨折患者行患侧耳屏前直线切口，顺颞浅静脉表面向下分离，寻找面神经颞面干和颈面干，并对其加以保护后，切开下颌支骨膜，在直视下对骨断端行复位内同定。结果：此手术入路视野好，骨断端暴露充分，便于复位同定。所有病例术后咬合关系良好，无面神经损伤。结论：此手术入路是髁突下骨折切开复位内同定的较好方法。     

绕耳轮脚切口行翼外肌-髁突解剖复位内固定治疗髁突颈骨折

目的探讨下颌骨髁突颈骨折翼外肌-髁突解剖复位内固定新入路的方法及疗效。方法对60例（73侧）髁突颈骨折行耳屏前绕耳轮脚切口,向前下沿外耳道前缘颞下颌韧带关节囊表面将覆盖在关节表面的腮腺上极翻起,向前牵拉腮腺组织,不用显露耳颞神经、颞浅血管及面神经,显露颞下颌韧带和关节囊;在直视下寻找移位的髁突,将翼外肌-髁突解剖复位坚固内固定。术后1、3、6月复诊。结果术后3月,所有局部伤口耳轮脚上切口隐蔽仅见耳屏前愈合线、面型对称、开口度≥3.5cm、开口型无偏斜、关系好、骨折一期愈合、髁突表面未见骨质吸收、面神经瘫痪症状恢复、双侧咬合力对称、伤口愈合线隐蔽。结论髁突颈骨折经耳屏前后上绕耳轮脚切口,切口隐蔽,能较好的保护颞下颌关节区相关血管神经;对髁突颈部骨折行翼外肌-髁突解剖结构开放性复位内固定,是一种恢复解剖形态和关节功能的有效方法,在术后3月内可判定其效果。     

皮下双筋膜切口治疗颧弓M型骨折

目的探讨皮下双筋膜切口治疗颧弓M型骨折的治疗效果。 方法对48例颧弓M型骨折患者于中间骨折线表面顺皮纹作切口,顺表浅肌肉腱膜系统（SMAS）表面分离,确认M两端骨折线位置后,在SMAS表面作2个小切口,先分离、暴露M两端骨折线后再于2个切口间的SMAS下骨面贯通,形成隧道,再暴露M中间骨折线。直视下对颧弓M型骨折进行复位、固定。 结果所有患者手术时间均缩短,均解剖复位,术后无神经损伤。 结论皮下双筋膜切口是治疗颧弓M型骨折较好方法,增大了手术视野,方便了医生操作。     

A study on coronal incision for treating zygomatic complex fractures

Objective  To study the value of coronal incisions for treating zygomatic complex fractures and evaluate the advantages, indications and complications associated with it. Method  In this prospective study, 12 patients were randomly selected regardless of age, sex requiring open reduction and internal fixation of communited zygomatic complex fractures with or without other associated fractures of the midface. Patients were all treated by coronal approach for open reduction and internal fixation of fracture of the zygomatic complex. Other local incisions were used if required. Results  In all cases postoperative complications were relatively minor except in one case were the temporal branch of facial nerve weakness persisted at 3 months. Whereas 5 cases reported with slight weakness of the temporal branch of the facial nerve which resolved at the end of 3 months. The time taken for exposure of the fracture site via the coronal incision had a mean of 28.7 minutes. There were no cases of flap infection and just 1 case of stitch abscess reported. The same case later reported with a hypertrophic scar formation of greater than 0.5cm at 3months. In all other cases scar formation was negligible and well hidden within the hairline. There were no reported cases of paraesthesia at the operated site or hollowing of the temporal fossa. Conclusion  The coronal incision provides excellent access to the zygomatic arch and zygomatic complex, aiding in good anatomical reduction and also has the added advantage of the scar hidden in the hairline. It also has disadvantages like long operating time, risk of facial nerve injury, scarring in patients with male pattern baldness, paraesthesia of operated site etc. Therefore the incision should be judiciously used and not overused and indications strictly applied.     

A Modified Temporal Incision: An Alternative Approach to the Zygomatic Arch

Zygomatic arch fractures occur due to a direct injury to the lateral aspect of the head. When there are multiple fractures of the arch, open reduction and internal fixation is indicated. Conventionally hemi-coronal and pre-auricular incisions are placed to approach the arch. A modified temporal incision has been described. Open reduction and internal fixation of zygomatic arch fractures has been done.