ALA-PDT对急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠同种异基因骨髓移植后 GVHD和GVL的影响

目的探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸-光动力疗法(5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy,ALA-PDT)在急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)小鼠骨髓移植后对移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)和移植物抗白血病作用(GVL)的影响。方法以ALL小鼠为模型,经致死剂量60Co照射后,对其进行同种异基因骨髓移植的同时,静脉输注经ALA-PDT处理的供受鼠混合淋巴细胞,同时设立骨髓细胞加脾细胞移植对照组及空白对照组。观察骨髓移植后受鼠的一般情况、30 d生存率、造血功能恢复情况以及肝脏等组织的病理学改变。结果ALA-PDT处理组小鼠30 d生存率明显高于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);其造血功能恢复情况及GVHD反应均较其他各组有所改善。结论ALA-PDT能明显减轻小鼠骨髓移植后GVHD反应,并保留一定的GVL作用。     

移植物化学修饰后半相合骨髓移植的实验研究

目的　研究甲氧基聚乙二醇 (mPEG)修饰移植物对小鼠H 2半相合骨髓移植 (BMT)的影响。方法　以雄性BALB/c小鼠为供鼠 ;雌性CB6F1代小鼠为受鼠 ,随机分为修饰移植、单纯移植和照射对照三组 ,每组各为 2 0只小鼠。三组鼠在致死量60 Coγ射线全身照射后 ,分别由尾静脉注入经mPEG修饰或未修饰的供鼠骨髓细胞和脾细胞 ,观察各组存活率、急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)的表现、造血恢复情况及存活小鼠的染色体核型。结果　修饰移植组 30天存活率为 75 % ,较单纯移植组(4 0 % )增高 (χ2 =5 0 1,P =0 0 2 5 ) ,而照射对照组 2周死亡率为 10 0 %。修饰移植组血象恢复快于单纯移植组 (P <0 0 5 )。取死亡小鼠的爪垫皮肤、肝及小肠肠管作病理组织学检查 ,修饰组aGVHD病理表现减轻 ,Thomas病理分级轻于单纯移植组。移植后 75天对存活的受鼠进行染色体C带显色法检测嵌合体 ,证实为完全供者型植入。结论　mPEG修饰移植物可明显减轻aGVHD ,提高小鼠半相合骨髓移植的存活率     

CD25抗体预防移植物抗宿主病在儿童白血病半匹配骨髓移植中的应用

目的　探讨CD2 5抗体用于预防儿童白血病半匹配未去除T细胞骨髓移植重度移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)的疗效。方法　 10例儿童白血病患者接受人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 2～ 3个位点不合半匹配骨髓移植 ,移植方法除了供者用粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G CSF)及受者应用环孢素A(CSA)、氨甲蝶呤 (MTX)、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白 (ATG ,FreseniusHemocare ,Germany)和霉酚酸酯 (MMF)预防GVHD的综合措施外 ,加用抗CD2 5单克隆抗体 (舒莱 ,novartispharmaswitzerland)预防GVHD ,剂量各为 2 0mg ,在移植前 2h和移植后第 4天应用 ,观察移植后的疗效 ,移植结果与前期未用CD2 5抗体移植组作回顾性比较。结果　 10例移植后均获造血重建 ,粒细胞 >0 5× 10 9/L的中位天数是 19d ,血小板大于 2 0× 10 9/L的中位天数是 2 2d ,骨髓植活直接证据检测证实为完全供者造血。无一例发生急性Ⅱ～Ⅳ度GVHD ,未用CD2 5抗体对照组 8例中发生急性Ⅱ～Ⅳ度GVHD有 4例 ,差异有显著性(P =0 0 14 7)。可评价慢性GVHD的 8例均发生慢性GVHD ,为局限性慢性GVHD。中位随访 12个月 (范围 9～ 2 4个月 ) ,2例为移植相关死亡 ,1例移植后 14个月因复发死亡 ,实际无病生存率是70 %。结论　儿童半匹配未去除T细胞骨髓移植中应用舒莱 ,明显降低急性重症GVHD发生 ,临床     

白细胞介素-11对急性淋巴细胞白血病幼龄小鼠骨髓移植后的影响

目的　研究白细胞介素 11(IL 11)对急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)幼龄小鼠骨髓移植后移植物抗宿主病 (GVHD)及移植物抗白血病 (GVL)的影响及其可能机制。方法　流式细胞术检测IL 11对移植前后ALL幼龄小鼠CD4、CD8T细胞亚群影响 ;记录ALL小鼠骨髓移植后的存活时间 ;观察移植后ALL小鼠内脏的GVHD病理变化 ;ELISA检测与GVHD密切相关的肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)水平。结果　IL 11降低CD4T细胞亚群的同时增加CD8T细胞亚群的数量 ;明显提高ALL小鼠的生存时间 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;推迟GVHD发生时间 ,减轻GVHD发生程度 ;下调TNF α水平 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　IL 11一定程度降低移植后ALL小鼠的GVHD发生 ,并且保留GVL。     

Possible transfer of vitiligo by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: A case report

Abstract: Among the cases yet published of development of vitiligo after BMT, only two can claim as possible adoptive transfer of such disease. We report a case of a patient with sickle cell disease in whom vitiligo developed after allogeneic BMT from his HLA identical father affected by vitiligo. We reviewed and searched for some particularities in the reported cases of post‐BMT vitiligo.     

Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia treated with bone marrow transplantation

Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mainly occurs in elderly patients, and is extremely rare in childhood. There is still no established treatment for hypocellular AML. We report the case of an 11‐year‐old boy with hypocellular AML who was treated successfully with allogenic bone marrow transplantation (allo‐BMT). He presented with fever, pallor and pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of hypocellular AML. Although low‐dose cytarabine induced reduction of blasts, it did not lead to complete remission. He subsequently received myeloablative conditioning and allo‐BMT. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included short‐course methotrexate and cyclosporine. Neutrophil engraftment (>5 × 10⁸/L) and platelet recovery (>10 × 10¹⁰/L) were achieved on days 13 and 27, respectively. He developed acute GVHD of the skin (grade 2), which responded well to treatment with prednisolone. He has remained in complete remission for 5 years since allo‐BMT. We consider allo‐BMT to be feasible for children with hypocellular AML.     

Autologous bone marrow transplantation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

We report 25 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with purged autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) at a single center. Two children with high-risk ALL were transplanted in first remission and 23 with relapsing ALL were transplanted in second (n = 21) or third (n = 2) remission. There was no procedure-related mortality. The median time to engraftment (i.e. to reach a polymorphonuclear cell count of 0.5 x 10(9)/l) was 25 days (range 16-45 days). Seven children relapsed, four within five months after ABMT: 18 of 25 children (72%) are in continuous complete remission after a median follow-up period of 50 months (range 5-71 months). The predicted long-term disease-free survival is 65% in the whole group and 61% in those transplanted after relapse. Relapse-free children returned to normal activities within three months after ABMT. The major side effects were development of cataract and gonadal insufficiency. We consider the results promising, but our data do not allow comparison with results reported from treatment with chemotherapy alone, since some of our patients were referred from other centers and represent a selected patient group. Long-term follow-up of well-defined patient populations is necessary to evaluate the effect of ABMT.     

Graft versus graft and graft versus host reactions after HLA-identical bone marrow transplantation in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency with transplacentally acquired lymphoid chimerism

We describe a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency and transplacental transfer of maternal T cells who received an unfractionated HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant without prior conditioning. He presented prior to transplantation with a dermatitis later diagnosed as mild graft versus host disease. He had a normal absolute lymphocyte count, but proliferative responses to mitogens were very low. Antigens of the noninherited maternal HLA haplotype were detected on his blood lymphocytes. After transplantation, he developed a severe reaction including fever, cutaneous erythema and hepatosplenomegaly. Lymphocytes carrying the noninherited maternal HLA haplotype disappeared from his circulation, and his unprimed mononuclear cells became spontaneously cytotoxic to maternal lymphoblasts. He subsequently developed a lymphocytosis of 69,000/mm³, diarrhea, elevated transaminases and a worsening rash, necessitating treatment with immunosuppressive agents. Full T-cell engraftment and evidence of B-cell function later ensued and spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes against maternal cells disappeared by 47 days post-transplantation. We postulate that the patient's constellation of signs and symptoms after transplantation represented a combination of severe graft versus graft and mild graft versus host reactions.     

非亲缘异基因骨髓移植治疗儿童白血病

目的　评价非亲缘异基因骨髓移植 (URD BMT)治疗儿童急性和慢性白血病的临床疗效。方法　 6例白血病患儿 ,其中慢性髓系白血病 2例 ,急性淋巴细胞白血病 3例 (第 1次完全缓解 ) ,急性早幼粒细胞白血病 1例 (第 2次完全缓解 ) ,由台湾慈济骨髓捐赠中心提供无关供者骨髓。预处理方案为马利兰 环磷酰胺 (Bu/Cy2 )方案 ,急性移植物抗宿主病 (aGVHD)预防为霉酚酸酯(MMF)、环孢菌素A(CsA)加氨甲喋呤 (MTX)联合方案 ;以前列素E1预防肝静脉闭塞病 (VOD) ,以巨细胞病毒 (CMV)抗原血症监测和更昔洛韦预防CMV病。供、受者间HLA基因位点型全相合 3例 ,1个基因位点型不合 2例 ,2个基因位点型不合 1例。结果　 6例患儿经DNA短串联重复序列多态性分析证明为供髓植入 ,中性粒细胞 >0 5× 10 9/L的中位天数为 14 5 (13～ 18)d ,血小板 >2 0×10 9/L的中位天数为 16 (11～ 2 3)d。发生Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD 2例 (33% ) ,局限性慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD) 3例 ,未发生广泛性cGVHD。中位随访时间 4 12 (187～ 1338)d ,全部患儿均无病生存。结论非亲缘异基因骨髓移植是治疗儿童急性和慢性白血病的有效方法。     

非血缘相关骨髓移植治疗重型地中海贫血的临床研究

目的为进一步拓展供髓源,探讨非血缘相关骨髓移植治疗重型地中海贫血(简称地贫)的可行性。方法9例地贫患儿进行了非血缘骨髓移植,其基因突变类型为地贫纯合子或双重杂合子,均确诊为重型β地贫。HLA高分辨配型全相合2例,1个亚型不合5例,2个亚型不合2例,6例红细胞血型不合。预处理为白消安16mg/kg,分4天口服;环磷酰胺200mg/kg,分4天静滴;抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白30mg/kg,分3天静滴和氟达拉宾125mg/m2,分3天静滴。环孢素A和氨甲蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病(graftversushostdisease,GVHD)。结果9例患儿均出现明显的过敏反应,1例有一过性低血压,皮肤急性GVHD7例,肝脏GVHD1例,肠道GVHD2例,慢性GVHD1例,高血压脑病1例,间质性肺炎2例。1例急性肺出血死亡。外周血中性粒细胞>0.5×109/L的时间为12～26天,WBC恢复正常的时间为23～110天,PLT于61～142天>50×109/L,Hb则于23～116天升至100g/L,最后一次输血时间为13～62天。PCR扩增短串联重复序列检测证实:8例患儿获得完全供体植入,1例未植入。随访6～24个月,7例原重型β地贫基因已消失,5例血型不合者已转成供者相同血型;7例患儿术后无需输血,Hb维持在110g/L以上。结论本组9例重型地贫的非血缘骨髓移植为国内首次尝试,初步证明非血缘骨髓移植根治重型地贫较安全可靠,为解决本病移植治疗的供髓源提供了新途径。     

Multiple extramedullary relapses without bone marrow involvement after second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia

EMR without BM involvement after allogeneic HSCT is extremely rare, especially in children; only a few cases have been reported. A two-yr-old boy was diagnosed with AML (M4) and underwent allogeneic HSCT in first complete remission with BM from HLA-matched unrelated donor without GVHD. Four yr later, he had a BM relapse and after induction and consolidation chemotherapy, he received a second HSCT from an unrelated donor using peripheral blood stem cells. His second post-transplant course was complicated by extensive chronic GVHD involving the skin, oral cavity, and lungs, which was treated with tacrolimus and corticosteroid. Two yr later, he noticed a mild swelling in the right cheek area. The BM showed a complete remission marrow and a soft tissue biopsy was compatible with granulocytic sarcoma. PET-CT showed multifocal bone involvements. He received chemotherapy, and the chloromas decreased in size. We report a case of diffuse EMR of AML without BM involvement after a second allogeneic HSCT.