硬腭黏膜游离移植在全层眼睑缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨硬腭黏膜游离移植在修复中、重度全层眼睑缺损中的应用效果.方法 首先根据睑板的缺损范围切取硬腭黏膜,行游离移植修复眼睑后层(睑板结膜层),再依据眼睑软组织的缺损部位和范围设计皮瓣,并转移皮瓣修复.结果 本组共198例患者(198只眼).其中上睑58例,下睑131例,上下睑联合缺损9例;硬腭移植面积最小10 mm×5 mm,最大35 mm×20 mm.术后随访3～24个月,硬腭黏膜均成活良好,无明显回缩,眼球未见损伤,眼睑外观及功能改善满意.1例眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣远端2/3坏死,术后2周采用局部皮瓣修复,1个月后随访发现硬腭黏膜完全成活.结论 对中、重度全层眼睑缺损的衬里修复采用硬腭黏膜游离移植,手术操作简便,易成活,远期效果肯定.     

"Z"形皮瓣在眼睑恶性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨在眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术中应用"Z"形皮瓣及推进皮瓣Ⅰ期修复眼睑缺损的方法及疗效.方法 自2005年7月至2008年1月,对18例(18只眼)眼睑恶性肿瘤患者行手术切除后,设计外眦部延长"Z"形皮瓣,使形成的颞侧眼睑推进皮瓣向鼻侧移位,修补眼睑缺损区.结果 18例(18只眼)眼睑恶性肿瘤患者术后眼睑外观及功能恢复良好,瘢痕不明显,术后随访3个月至2年,未见复发.结论 选择性应用外眦部延长"Z"形皮瓣Ⅰ期修复眼睑缺损,可较好地恢复眼睑的形态和功能,具有良好的临床疗效.     

150例眼睑缺损的手术修复

目的 探讨各种原因致不同程度眼睑缺损、畸形修复的有效方法.方法 收集自2010年2月至2013年2月,因各种原因所致不同程度眼睑缺损的患者150例150眼,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析.对眼睑缺损范围＜睑裂长度1/4者72只眼,＞1/4或＜1/2者57只眼,＞1/2者21只眼,分别采用直接拉拢缝合法,联合滑行、转位、游离皮瓣修复眼睑缺损.结果 术后随访1～24个月,1例因恶性肿瘤复发而再行肿瘤切除术后,发生下睑退缩致闭合不全,其余149例均获Ⅰ期愈合,眼睑局部皮瓣全部成活,眼睑形态良好,睑缘位置正常,眼睑功能正常.结论 对各种原因所致眼睑缺损、畸形的患者,采用不同眼睑重建方法,灵活应用异体巩膜、结膜、黏膜等生物材料及各种皮瓣转移法修复缺损创面,可有效恢复眼睑的结构和形态,值得临床推广应用.     

自体硬腭黏膜移植联合颞浅动脉岛状瓣重建上睑缺损患者的护理

目的总结自体硬腭黏膜移植联合颞浅动脉岛状瓣重建上睑全层的护理经验。方法对8例全层上睑缺损患者应用自体硬腭黏膜片代替缺损的睑板和结膜组织,形成后层眼睑;取颞浅动脉岛状瓣替代缺损的眼睑皮肤,形成前层眼睑。术前做好口腔护理、头部供区的护理、眼部护理,术后做好口腔护理、饮食指导,密切观察供区和术区的变化,做好眼部护理和健康指导。结果硬腭植片和颞浅动脉岛状瓣全部成活,对位好,无排斥、感染等不良反应;眼睑外观和功能良好。结论自体硬腭黏膜移植联合颞浅动脉岛状瓣重建上睑,可以一次性修复缺损的结膜、睑板和皮肤组织。加强围术期护理对眼睑修复重建成功及口腔黏膜恢复具有重要意义。     

额部皮瓣移位联合耳软骨移植的下眼睑一期再造

目的 总结下眼睑全层缺损的修复再造经验.方法 1994年7月-2005年6月,收治25例下眼睑缺损患者.男11例,女14例;年龄48～83岁.下眼睑缺损原因基底细胞癌9例,鳞状细胞癌11例,皮脂腺癌5例.肿瘤切除后下眼睑缺损范围达50%～100%.病程3个月～5年,术前活检确诊为恶性肿瘤.手术采用长20 mm、宽5～6 mm自体耳软骨游离移植作为眼睑内层,切取30 mm×12 mm～50 mm×20 mm的额部皮瓣作为眼睑外层再造眼睑.结果 术后患者皮瓣均成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合.供区均未形成继发性缺损,创面Ⅰ期愈合.8例术后4～5 d出现浅层点状角膜炎,经滴抗生素眼药水后治愈.25例均获随访6个月～5年.2例皮脂腺癌浸及泪小点,连同部分泪小管被切除致溢泪;2例下眼睑轻度外翻致轻度闭合不全.再造眼睑外形美观,色泽、质地与周围皮肤匹配良好.随访期恶性肿瘤均无复发.结论 额部皮瓣移位联合耳软骨移植是修复下眼睑全层缺损的一种较好方法.     

自体硬腭黏膜移植与异体巩膜在眼睑全层缺损修复中的疗效观察

目的:比较自体硬腭黏膜与异体巩膜在眼睑全层缺损修复中,对于眼睑外观及眼表功能恢复有何异同.方法:2002年8月至2010年9月用自体硬腭黏膜组(A组)20例(20眼),异体巩膜组(B组)17例(17眼),按陈家祺等的标准评判手术效果.眼睑外形疗效标准分为四级,针对后外观进行了比较,泪液分泌试验和泪膜破裂时间作为眼表功能的评判标准,进行了回顾性比较分析.结果:自体硬腭黏膜组与异体巩膜组美容效果及外观上均能取得满意效果,在眼表功能恢复上自体硬腭黏膜组优于自体硬腭黏膜组.结论:硬腭黏膜含有小腺体,其分泌物可使粘膜保持光滑湿润,有利于泪膜的稳定,硬腭黏膜的黏膜层可以修复结膜缺损,移植后硬腭黏膜的结构逐渐转为类似结膜,可能也是眼表功能恢复的另一原因.因此,我们认为自体硬腭黏膜,取材方便,美容效果好,有利于眼表功能的恢复,是眼睑全层缺损修复的首选材料.     

异体巩膜移植替代睑板重建眼睑

目的 探讨异体巩膜移植替代睑板重建眼睑的临床效果。方法 1986年5月～2001年1月对45例部分眼睑缺损患者，采用异体巩膜替代睑板行眼睑重建。其中男31例，女14例，上睑18例，下睑27例；累及上或下眼睑内眦都9例，外眦都7例，眼外伤22例，眼睑肿瘤23例。眼睑缺损不超过眼睑总长度的1／2。术后观察重建眼睑的外观、功能及并发症。结果 45例移植异体巩膜行眼睑重建均获成功。术后随访11～38个月，平均19．7个月。重建的眼睑完整，双侧眼睑长度及高度差值均小于2mm。眼睑开闭及上提功能基本正常，对视功能无影响。结论 异体巩膜是替代睑板行眼睑重建的理想材料。     

硬腭黏膜联合鼻唇沟皮瓣修复大面积下睑全层缺损

目的:探讨应用硬腭黏膜联合鼻唇沟皮瓣修复大面积下睑全层缺损的手术方法及疗效。方法:2014年9月-2016年4月收治下睑全层缺损患者10例,均采用硬腭黏膜联合带穿支血管的鼻唇沟皮瓣修复下睑全层缺损。结果:10例患者皮瓣及硬腭黏膜全部成活,术后24h内有2例患者皮瓣远端出现静脉回流障碍,给予促血液循环等对症治疗后缓解。8例患者随访6～24个月,平均13个月。皮瓣质地柔软、色泽正常。供区瘢痕不明显,患者均无眼部不适症状,对手术效果满意。结论:硬腭黏膜联合鼻唇沟皮瓣具有血供丰富、成活率高,术后无明显瘢痕及眼睑继发畸形,皮瓣色泽与周围皮肤一致,效果满意等优点,是一种修复下睑全层缺损的较好方法。     

眼睑原位重建治疗眼睑全层缺损

目的 探讨针对不同程度眼睑全层缺损的手术治疗方法.方法 收集不同程度眼睑全层缺损患者73例73眼,其中缺损范围小于眼睑长度1/4者25眼,＞1/4～1/2者17眼,＞1/2者31眼,分别采用直接拉拢缝合法,滑行睑板结膜瓣转位法及对位睑板结膜瓣转位法修复眼睑全层缺损.结果 术后随访6～40月,2例因恶性肿瘤复发行眶内容剜...     

Hughes法下睑再造手术效果分析

眼睑缺损的修复既往曾用多种移植片在修复眼睑缺损时替代眼睑后层(睑板及睑结膜层),均有一定疗效,但不同程度地存在不足之处。我们于1998年6月～2002年6月对6例下睑肿瘤切除术后下睑全层缺损患者采用Hughes法进行下睑修复术,取得了满意效果。1　临床资料本组共6例6只眼。其中男4例,女2例。年龄42～79岁,平均60岁。右眼2例,左眼4例;病程6个月～10年。下眼睑缺损原因均为恶性肿瘤手术切除后所致,其中基底细胞癌4例,睑板腺癌1例,鳞状细胞癌1例。肿瘤切除后下睑缺损的范围(占下睑面积):占60%～70%者3例,70%～80%1例,>80%1例。肿瘤位置(即下睑缺…     

Eyelid reconstruction using a hard palate mucoperiosteal graft combined with a V-Y subcutaneously pedicled flap.

Full-thickness eyelid defects after tumour ablation require the reconstruction of two layers, the anterior and posterior lamellae. Eyelids were successfully reconstructed after removal of malignant tumours in four patients using a hard palate mucoperiosteal graft combined with a curved V-Y subcutaneously pedicled flap. Although there have been some reports of hard palate mucosal grafts for reconstruction of the posterior lamella, the graft is not sufficiently rigid to support the reconstructed eyelid without the aid of supporting materials such as cartilage grafts. The hard palate mucoperiosteal graft seems to be rigid enough to support the reconstructed eyelid without the use of cartilage or other supporting materials. The subcutaneously pedicled V-Y advancement flap is useful for reconstruction of the anterior lamella in partial eyelid defects. We used it with a modified curved design to allow easy advancement and to make postoperative scars inconspicuous.     

Histological evaluation of grafted hard palate mucosa in the reconstruction of the upper eyelid.

We have used a hard palate mucosal graft for reconstruction of the posterior lamella of the eyelid and in only one case was replacement required because of discomfort and pain. The stratum corneum of the hard palate mucosa may have been the cause.     

Reconstruction of full-thickness lower eyelid defects using a blepharoplasty technique with a hard palate mucosal graft.

The authors report a method of reconstruction of a full-thickness lower eyelid defect using a blepharoplasty technique utilizing excess skin of the lower eyelid with a hard palate mucosal graft. In all patients the hard palate mucosa took well, and good functional and aesthetic results were obtained. The most suitable indication of this technique might be for the defect occurring horizontally (for which direct closure is difficult to apply) and located in the lateral side of the lower eyelid (when a large amount of excess skin can be utilized). The authors conclude that although the shape and size of the defect to which this method can be applied is restricted, this is a useful option in the reconstructive methods of a full-thickness lower eyelid defect.     

颊脂垫瓣在口腔缺损修复中的应用

目的评价颊脂垫瓣在修复口腔黏膜缺损中的应用。方法1998年5月~2004年7月,收治42例各种原因致口腔缺损患者,其中男26例,女16例,年龄25~76岁。颊部鳞癌7例,颊部白斑5例,软腭部鳞癌7例,腭部腺样囊性癌8例,上颌窦癌6例,上颌齿槽突血管瘤5例,上颌骨角化囊肿4例。病程2个月~10年。缺损部位颊部12例,上颌骨切除导致颊部上分缺损6例,口腔上颌窦瘘17例,软腭部缺损7例。缺损范围3.0cm×3.0cm~6.5cm×4.0cm。均采用颊脂垫瓣修复缺损部位,切取的颊脂垫瓣为颊脂垫的颊突及部分体部。结果术后41例颊脂垫瓣与创面期愈合;1例因缺损大,瓣成形后较薄而期愈合。术后4周水肿消退逐渐上皮化,6周完全上皮化,颊部外观无明显影响。35例获随访3个月~5年,颊脂垫瓣修复区与附近正常黏膜的层次和颜色、弹性、光滑度、质地无明显差异,咀嚼摩擦和食物刺激无明显影响。2例磨牙后区缺损者有轻度张口受限,经过开口训练恢复张口度。结论颊脂垫瓣能较快而有效地修复直径6.5cm以下的黏膜缺损,取材方便,术后无明显的供区并发症,是修复颊部、软腭和牙槽等部位黏膜缺损的理想组织。其缺点为修复范围较局限。     

Eyelid reconstruction with acellular human dermal allograft after chemical and thermal burns

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of eyelid reconstruction with acellular dermal allograft in patients with eyelid defect after chemical and thermal burns. METHOD: Eyelid reconstruction was performed in 15 eyelids of 13 patients during the period of June 2001-October 2004 by a single senior surgeon (Chen). Among them five patients had thermal burns, and eight patients had chemical burns. The acellular dermal allograft was used as a tarsus substitute that was sutured into the place between the levator aponeurosis in upper lid or retractor in lower eyelid and the remaining tarsus. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 9 months, satisfactory function and cosmesis were obtained. No implant rejection or severe complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Acellular dermal allograft may be used safely as a posterior lamellar spacer graft after chemical and thermal burns; the allograft appears to be biocompatible and does not aggravate the inflammation in the injured eyelid.     

预构眼睑组织修复睑缺损

目的 介绍预构眼睑组织修复睑缺损的方法。方法 应用扩张后的颞浅血管额支岛状复合组织瓣（皮肤 额肌 口腔硬腭粘骨膜）转移，修复睑缺损。结果 本方法修复先天性睑缺损3例，外伤后睑缺损2例，获良好疗效。结论 预构眼睑组织修复缺损的方法是一种合理，实用的修复眼睑缺损方法，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

以硬腭粘骨膜瓣做衬里的颞部扩张皮瓣修复下睑全层缺损

目的:总结应用以硬腭粘骨膜瓣做衬里的颞部扩张皮瓣修复全层下睑缺损的临床经验。方法:Ⅰ期手术选用50-70ml容量的扩张器埋置于颞部皮下,注水扩张2~3个月,Ⅱ期切取硬腭粘骨膜植于扩张皮瓣内侧,形成复合皮瓣,Ⅲ期取出扩张器,将预置成活的复合皮瓣修复眼睑缺损,恢复睑缘正常形态。结果:2008-2012年收治6例下睑缺损患者复合皮瓣全部成活,眼睑外观和功能满意。结论:以硬腭粘骨膜瓣做衬里的颞部扩张皮瓣修复全层下睑缺损效果肯定,具有较高的临床价值。     

Correction of a Posttraumatic Nasal Deformity Using a Hard Palate Mucosa Graft

We report corrected cases of posttraumatic nasal deformity using a hard palate mucosal graft as covering material of the inner-side defect. In all cases, the deformity was corrected satisfactorily. The nasal cavity was preserved, and because of the stiffness of the grafted mucosa, it did not collapse in the course of breathing. In all cases, the palate donor site healed in approximately 2 weeks, and after healing, none of the patients complained of irritation or ulceration. These results indicate that hard palate mucosa is also applicable in the correction of a traumatic deformity of the nose as an alternative to the auricular composite graft equally in the case of a nontraumatic deformity.     

Hard palate mucosal grafts for defects of the nail bed

The authors present 2 children in whom a hard palate mucosal graft was used for a defect of the nail bed after resecting subungual exostosis. After the tumor was resected with the overriding nail bed, hard palate mucosa without periosteum was grafted to the nail bed defect. In both patients the graft took completely, and within 2 weeks after the operation the patients were able to enjoy activities of daily life, including athletic movement, without any symptoms. Nail growth was uneventful and was complete in 4 or 5 months after the operation without any complications. The authors think that a hard palate mucosal graft is a valid choice for a defect of the nail bed, and the mucosa does not need to be harvested with periosteum. The grafting of hard palate mucosa without periosteum to a defect of the nail bed contributes to a shorter healing time, resulting in a reduction in the period of restriction of movement in activities of daily life, and this is a great advantage in children.